北京市海淀区中小学生遭受校园欺凌现况及影响因素分析

李涵秋; 华伟玉; 黄娜; 徐浩; 吴春颖

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.07.022

北京市海淀区中小学生遭受校园欺凌现况及影响因素分析

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.07.022

1.
北京市海淀区疾病预防控制中心学校卫生科，北京 100094
2.
北京市海淀区疾病预防控制中心人事科

详细信息

作者简介:
李涵秋(1984-)，女，内蒙古赤峰市人，硕士，主管技师，主要从事学校卫生工作

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: G478 G444 R179
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-03-14
- 修回日期: 2022-04-12
- 网络出版日期: 2022-07-27
- 刊出日期: 2022-07-25

Prevalence and associated factors of campus bullying of primary and secondary school students in Haidian District of Beijing

1.
School Health Department of Haidian District Center for Disease Prevention and Control of Beijing, Beijing (100094), China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解海淀区中小学生遭受校园欺凌情况及影响因素，为制定干预方案提供科学依据。方法 2021年9—10月，采用分层整群随机抽样的方法抽取海淀区1 906名中小学生，使用学生健康状况及影响因素调查表进行电子问卷调查。结果海淀区中小学生遭受过校园欺凌报告率为4.3%，其中小学(7.6%)＞初中(4.1%)＞职业高中(2.5%)＞普通高中(1.9%)(χ²=23.49，P＜0.01)，男生(5.5%)高于女生(3.0%)(χ²=7.44，P=0.01)，6.9%的非正常家庭学生和3.9%的正常家庭学生遭受过校园欺凌(χ²=4.24，P<0.04)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示，小学学段的学生(OR=2.13)、非正常家庭(OR=1.07)、有吸烟经历(OR=2.28)、有被父母打骂经历(OR=2.49)、有打架行为(OR=1.84)更容易遭受校园欺凌行为(P值均＜0.05)。结论海淀区中小学存在校园欺凌行为，应引起学校和教育部门的重视，家校结合，针对重点人群开展有针对性的预防和干预措施。
- 暴力 /
- 精神卫生 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To understand the prevalence and associated factors of school bullying among primary and secondary school students in Haidian District, and to provide scientific basis for intervention plan. Methods From September to October 2021, 1 906 primary and secondary school students in Haidian District were selected by stratified cluster random sampling for electronic questionnaire survey, an electronic questionnaire survey was conducted on students by using the questionnaire of the Student Health Status and Influencing Factors Questionnaire. Results The prevalence of campus bullying among primary and secondary school students in Haidian District was 4.3%, of which primary school (7.6%) > junior middle school (4.1%) > vocational high school (2.5%) > senior high school (1.9%) (χ²=23.49, P < 0.01), boys (5.5%) were more than girls (3.0%) (χ²=7.44, P < 0.01), students from abnormal families (6.9%) were higher than students from normal families (3.9%) (χ²=4.24, P=0.04). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that students in primary school had a higher risk of being bullied in school (OR=2.13). Abnormal family (OR=1.07), smoking experience (OR=2.28), experience of being beaten and scolded by parents(OR=2.49) and fighting behavior (OR=1.84) were positively correlated with school bullying (P < 0.05). Conclusion Campus bullying is prevalent in primary and secondary schools in Haidian District, which warrents further attention of schools and education departments. Family-school partnership and targeted prevention and intervention measures for key populations are expected.
- Violence /
- Mental health /
- Regression analysis /
- Students
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

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表 1 不同人口统计学特征学生遭受校园欺凌报告率比较

Table 1. Comparison of bullying report rates among students with different demographic characteristics

人口统计学指标	选项	人数	统计值	经常被恶意取笑	经常被索要财物	经常被有意排斥在集体活动之外或被孤立	经常被威胁、恐吓	经常被打、踢、推、挤或关在屋里	经常因为身体缺陷或长相被取笑	遭受过校园欺凌
性别	男	998		40(4.0)	10(1.0)	20(2.0)	7(0.7)	6(0.6)	12(1.2)	55(5.5)
	女	908		15(1.7)	5(0.6)	12(1.3)	3(0.3)	3(0.3)	11(1.2)	27(3.0)
			χ²值	9.42	1.24	1.34	1.25	0.74	< 0.01	7.44
			P值	< 0.01	0.27	0.25	0.26	0.39	0.99	< 0.01
学段	小学	556		31(5.6)	7(1.3)	17(3.1)	4(0.7)	6(1.1)	7(1.3)	42(7.6)
	初中	556		13(2.3)	2(0.4)	7(1.3)	1(0.2)	1(0.2)	11(2.0)	23(4.1)
	普通高中	519		6(1.2)	3(0.6)	2(0.4)	2(0.4)	1(0.2)	2(0.4)	10(1.9)
	职业高中	275		5(1.8)	3(1.1)	6(2.2)	3(1.1)	1(0.4)	3(1.1)	7(2.5)
			χ²值	21.61	3.50	12.68	3.55	6.30	5.76	23.49
			P值	＜0.01	0.32	< 0.01	0.31	0.10	0.12	＜0.01
住校情况	住校	251		5(2.0)	0	3(1.2)	2(0.8)	0	2(0.8)	9(3.6)
	不住校	1 655		50(3.0)	15(0.9)	29(1.8)	8(0.5)	9(0.5)	21(1.3)	73(4.4)
			χ²值	0.82	2.29	0.41	0.41	1.37	0.41	0.36
			P值	0.36	0.13	0.52	0.52	0.24	0.52	0.55
家庭结构	非正常	233		13(5.6)	0	5(2.1)	1(0.4)	1(0.4)	1(0.4)	16(6.9)
	正常	1 673		42(2.5)	15(0.9)	27(1.6)	9(0.5)	8(0.5)	22(1.3)	66(3.9)
			χ²值	6.87	2.11	0.35	0.05	0.01	1.35	4.24
			P值	< 0.01	0.15	0.55	0.83	0.92	0.25	0.04
合计		1 906		55(2.9)	15(0.8)	32(1.7)	10(0.5)	9(0.5)	23(1.2)	82(4.3)
注： ()内数字为报告率/%。

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表 2 不同影响因素下遭受校园欺凌情况报告率比较

Table 2. Comparison of school bullying in different influencing factors

影响因素	选项	人数	统计值	经常被恶意取笑	经常被索要财物	经常被有意排斥在集体活动之外或被孤立	经常被威胁、恐吓	经常被打、踢、推、挤或关在屋里	经常因为身体缺陷或长相被取笑	遭受过校园欺凌
尝试吸烟	是	74		6(8.1)	3(4.1)	4(5.4)	3(4.1)	0	3(4.1)	8(10.8)
	否	1 832		49(2.7)	12(0.7)	28(1.5)	7(0.4)	9(0.5)	20(1.1)	74(4.0)
			χ²值	7.49	10.53	6.48	18.38	0.37	5.24	7.92
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.01	＜0.01	0.55	0.02	< 0.01
尝试饮酒	是	296		10(3.4)	5(1.7)	6(2.0)	4(1.4)	2(0.7)	7(2.4)	18(6.1)
	否	1 610		45(2.8)	10(0.6)	26(1.6)	6(0.4)	7(0.4)	16(1.0)	64(4.0)
			χ²值	0.30	3.65	0.26	4.59	0.31	3.94	2.69
			P值	0.58	0.06	0.61	0.03	0.58	0.05	0.10
早餐	从来不吃	29		2(6.9)	2(6.9)	1(3.4)	2(6.9)	2(6.9)	2(6.9)	3(10.3)
	天天或偶尔吃	1 877		53(2.8)	13(0.7)	31(1.7)	8(0.4)	7(0.4)	21(1.1)	79(4.2)
			χ²值	1.69	14.08	0.56	22.91	25.86	8.00	2.61
			P值	0.19	＜0.01	0.46	＜0.01	＜0.01	< 0.01	0.11
每日睡眠时间/h	<8	902		26(2.9)	6(0.7)	13(1.4)	6(0.7)	3(0.3)	13(1.4)	39(4.3)
	≥8	1 004		29(2.9)	9(0.9)	19(1.9)	4(0.4)	6(0.6)	10(1.0)	43(4.3)
			χ²值	< 0.01	0.33	0.59	0.65	0.71	0.79	< 0.01
			P值	0.99	0.57	0.45	0.42	0.40	0.37	0.97
被父母打骂经历	有	352		21(6.0)	8(2.3)	19(5.4)	4(1.1)	4(1.1)	8(2.3)	35(9.9)
	无	1 554		34(2.2)	7(0.5)	13(0.8)	6(0.4)	5(0.3)	15(1.0)	47(3.0)
			χ²值	14.62	12.21	36.17	3.10	4.05	4.12	33.37
			P值	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	0.08	0.04	0.04	＜0.01
1年内打过架	是	258		20(7.8)	5(1.9)	10(3.9)	3(1.2)	7(2.7)	8(3.1)	27(10.5)
	否	1 648		35(2.1)	10(0.6)	22(1.3)	7(0.4)	2(0.1)	15(0.9)	55(3.3)
			χ²值	25.22	5.06	8.73	2.33	31.89	8.98	27.53
			P值	＜0.01	0.02	< 0.01	0.13	＜0.01	< 0.01	＜0.01
合计		1 906		55(2.9)	15(0.8)	32(1.7)	10(0.5)	9(0.5)	23(1.2)	82(4.3)
注： ()内数字为报告率/%。

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表 3 中小学生遭受校园欺凌相关因素的Logistic回归分析(n=1 906)

Table 3. Logistic regression analysis of influencing factors related to school bullying(n=1 906)

自变量	β值	标准误	Wald χ²值	P值	OR值(OR值95%CI)
性别为男	0.46	0.25	3.36	0.07	1.58 (0.97~2.58)
学段为小学	0.76	0.24	9.75	< 0.01	2.13(1.33~3.42)
家庭结构为非正常	0.65	0.30	4.81	0.03	1.07(1.07~3.45)
吸烟经历为有	0.83	0.42	3.89	< 0.05	2.28(1.01~5.18)
被父母打骂经历为有	0.91	0.25	13.26	＜0.01	2.49(1.52~4.07)
打架行为为有	0.61	0.27	5.00	0.03	1.84(1.08~3.13)

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