Neglect and associated factors among children aged 3-6 years in multi-child families in Ningbo
-
摘要:
目的 了解宁波市多胎家庭3~6岁儿童忽视状况及影响因素，提出提升多胎家庭养育质量的意见。 方法 采用随机整群抽样方法，抽取宁波市12所幼儿园中2 200名多胎家庭和1 200名单胎家庭的儿童，采用“中国3~6岁城区儿童忽视评价量表”对其家长进行问卷调查。 结果 宁波市多胎家庭3~6岁儿童总忽视率为21.5%，总忽视度为(37.98±5.49)。忽视率在不同兄弟姐妹年龄差和儿童数量组间差异均有统计学意义(P值均 < 0.05)，其中年龄差为3~ < 6岁组在各个层面忽视率上均最高。不同儿童数量组在总忽视率、身体忽视率、情感忽视率和教育忽视率方面差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为31.42，4.65, 28.12, 0.75，P值均 < 0.05)，在情感忽视度和教育忽视度方面差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为19.57，2.67，P值均 < 0.05)，其中家庭儿童数量>2个的在各项忽视率上均高于二胎家庭。多胎家庭在总忽视率、情感忽视率、教育忽视率以及总忽视度、情感忽视度、教育忽视度均高于单胎家庭，差异均有统计学意义(P值均 < 0.05)。影响多胎家庭3~6岁儿童受忽视的主要因素有儿童气质类型、兄弟姐妹年龄差、家庭儿童数量、家庭月收入和母亲文化水平(OR值分别为1.55，1.59，1.92，0.74，0.58，P值均 < 0.05)。 结论 宁波市多胎家庭3~6岁儿童忽视状况高于单胎家庭，其中情感忽视和教育忽视尤为明显。平等对待每位儿童，加强政策扶持，提高家庭收入水平和母亲文化水平能有效改善多胎家庭儿童忽视状况。 Abstract:Objective To investigate neglect among children aged 3-6 years in multi-child families in Ningbo, and to provide reference is for parenting quality improvement in multiple-child families. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 2 200 parents of multi-child family and 1 200 parents of single-child family from 12 kindergartens in Ningbo. Results The total neglect rate was 21.5%, and the total neglect degree was (37.98±5.49). The prevalence and severity of neglect varied by age gap between siblings and number of child in the family (P < 0.05), the age difference of 3- < 6 years group had the highest neglect rate at all levels. There were significant differences in total neglect, physical neglect, emotional neglect and educational neglect rate in families with different number of children (χ2=31.42, 4.65, 28.12, 0.75, P < 0.05). There were significant differences in emotional neglect and educational neglect (t=19.57, 2.67, P < 0.05). The neglect rates in families with more than two children were significantly higher than those of families with two children. The prevalence of general neglect, emotional neglect, educational neglect, and severity of general neglect, emotional neglect, educational neglect in multi-child families were higher than those of single-child families, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Factors associated with child negle in multi-child families included child personality, age gap between siblings, number of children in the family, family income and maternal educational level (OR=1.55, 1.59, 1.92, 0.74, 0.58, P < 0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of neglect among preschool children in multi-child families in Ningbo is higher than that in single-child families, especially in emotional and educational neglect. Equal treatment of every child, strengthening policy support and improving family income and mother's educational level could help prevent child neglect in multi-child families. -
Key words:
- Family /
- Child abuse /
- Mental health /
- Regression analysis /
- Child, preschool
1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。 -
表 1 不同组别多胎家庭儿童忽视率比较
Table 1. Comparison of neglect rate of children in multiple-child families in different groups
组别 选项 人数 统计值 身体忽视 情感忽视 教育忽视 安全忽视 医疗忽视 总忽视率 性别 男 1 286 105(8.2) 263(20.5) 96(7.5) 46(3.6) 41(3.2) 284(22.1) 女 914 59(6.5) 164(17.9) 70(7.7) 26(2.8) 30(3.3) 188(20.6) χ2值 5.14 7.12 0.65 1.96 0.25 1.35 P值 0.13 0.21 0.54 0.55 0.67 0.35 年级 小班 688 49(7.1) 130(18.9) 50(7.3) 22(3.2) 25(3.6) 142(20.6) 中班 746 54(7.2) 145(19.4) 62(8.3) 20(2.7) 26(3.5) 160(21.4) 大班 766 62(8.1) 153(20.0) 54(7.1) 30(3.9) 20(2.6) 170(22.2) χ2值 0.61 3.21 2.14 1.45 0.85 0.78 P值 0.63 0.12 0.24 0.28 0.33 0.56 兄弟姐妹年 < 3 778 47(6.0) 116(14.9) 59(7.6) 21(2.7) 20(2.6) 210(20.7) 龄差/岁 3~ < 6 1 157 100(8.7) 270(23.3) 98(8.5) 43(3.7) 42(3.6) 256(22.1) ≥6 265 17(6.4) 43(16.2) 9(3.4) 8(3.0) 9(3.4) 55(20.8) χ2值 5.76 9.34 1.23 2.18 2.89 8.53 P值 0.02 0.04 0.01 0.25 0.21 0.01 儿童数量/个 2 2 002 148(7.4) 388(19.4) 150(7.5) 66(3.3) 64(3.2) 420(21.0) >2 198 17(8.6) 41(20.7) 16(8.1) 7(3.5) 7(3.5) 52(26.3) χ2值 4.65 8.12 7.88 1.78 2.14 6.42 P值 < 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.34 0.18 < 0.01 注： ()内数字为检出率/%。 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 宁波市多胎与单胎家庭儿童忽视率比较
Table 2. Comparison of neglect rate of children in multiple-child families of Ningbo City
组别 人数 身体忽视 情感忽视 教育忽视 安全忽视 医疗忽视 总忽视率 单胎 1 200 74(6.2) 209(17.4) 79(6.6) 30(2.5) 34(2.9) 241(20.1) 多胎 2 200 165(7.5) 429(19.5) 167(7.6) 73(3.3) 70(3.2) 472(21.5) χ2值 2.36 1.48 0.84 0.16 1.32 4.38 P值 0.21 0.12 0.14 0.24 0.45 < 0.01 注： ()内数字为检出率/%。
下载: 导出CSV
表 3 宁波市多胎家庭与单胎家庭儿童忽视度比较(x±s)
Table 3. Comparison of neglect degree between multiple-child families and single-child families of Ningbo City(x±s)
组别 人数 身体忽视 情感忽视 教育忽视 安全忽视 医疗忽视 总忽视度 单胎 1 200 30.68±6.01 31.53±5.56 28.32±6.10 32.28±5.13 32.32±5.32 32.73±5.65 多胎 2 200 31.64±4.76 39.68±5.87 32.94±6.48 35.21±6.98 34.87±6.35 37.98±5.49 t值 -0.92 -3.24 -2.73 -0.09 -0.14 -3.25 P值 0.34 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.39 0.54 < 0.01
下载: 导出CSV
表 4 多胎家庭儿童忽视相关因素的Logistic回归分析(n=2 200)
Table 4. Logistic regression analysis of influencing factors of neglect in children with multiple births (n=2 200)
自变量 β值 标准误 Wald χ2值 P值 OR值(OR值95%CI) 儿童气质类型 不正常 0.44 0.15 9.25 0.02 1.55(1.32~1.96) 兄弟姐妹年龄差/岁 3~6 0.15 0.31 0.22 0.68 1.46(0.72~2.34) ≥6 0.21 0.18 3.94 0.04 1.59(1.12~2.06) 家庭儿童数量 >2 0.66 0.16 9.44 0.01 1.92(1.49~2.46) 家庭月总收入/元 < 5 000 0.98 0.41 5.34 0.02 2.54(1.01~5.84) 5 000~ < 8 000 0.29 0.32 0.78 0.29 1.33(0.74~2.16) 8 000~ < 12 000 0.84 0.24 7.89 < 0.01 1.03(0.64~2.38) 母亲文化水平 初中及以下 0.74 0.24 9.58 < 0.01 1.97(1.23~3.13) 高职或中专大专 0.96 0.94 1.24 0.35 1.53 (0.84~2.42) 注：儿童气质类型以正常为参照，兄弟姐妹年龄差以 < 3岁为参照，家庭儿童数量以2个为参照，家庭月总收入以≥12 000元为参照，母亲文化水平以本科及以上为参照。
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] WANG L L, QU G B, TANG X, et al. Child neglect and its association with social living ability: does the resilience attenuate the association?[J]. Psychol Health Med, 2019, 24(5): 519-529. doi: 10.1080/13548506.2018.1549743 [2] LAURA B, MARTINE B P, RACHEL Z, et al. Suggestibility in neg-lected children: the influence of intelligence, language, and social skills[J]. Child Abuse Negl, 2018, 79(5): 51-60. [3] 潘建平, 杨子尼, 任旭红, 等. 中国3~6岁城区儿童忽视常模的研制[J]. 中国公共卫生, 2003, 19(1): 33-36. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGGW200301017.htmPAN J P, YANG Z N, REN X H, et al. Development of child neglect norms of urban children aged 3-6 years in China[J]. Chin J Public Health, 2003, 19(1): 33-36. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGGW200301017.htm [4] 潘建平, 杨子尼, 任旭红, 等. 中国部分城市3~6岁儿童忽视状况及影响因素分析[J]. 中华流行病学杂志, 2005, 26(4): 258-262. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZHLX200504010.htmPAN J P, YANG Z N, REN X H, et al. Study on the current situation and influential factors of child neglect among aged 3-6 years old in the urban areas of China[J]. Chin J Epidemiol, 2005, 26(4): 258-262. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZHLX200504010.htm [5] 李南, 费忠化, 梁艳, 等. 鲁西南地区二孩家庭学龄前儿童忽视现状及影响因素[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2019, 40(9): 1330-1332, 1336. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2019.09.014LI N, FEI Z H, LIANG Y, et al. Neglect and associated factors among preschool children in two-child families in southwest Shandong Province[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2019, 40(9): 1330-1332, 1336. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2019.09.014 [6] 吴凡. "全面二孩"政策下学前教育师资供给的困境与突围: 以宁波市为例[J]. 教育导刊(下半月), 2021(1): 80-84. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YJYE202101015.htmWU F. The dilemma and breakthrough of the supply of preschool education teachers under the "comprehensive two childolicy": take Ningbo as an example[J]. J Educ Devel, 2021(1): 80-84. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YJYE202101015.htm [7] 罗妮娜, 孔丽华, 王佳, 等. 宜昌市夷陵区幼儿园儿童忽视现状及影响因素分析[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2015, 36(6): 871-877. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.06.012LUO N N, KONG L H, WANG J, et al. Prevelence of children neglect and its effect factors in Yiling District, Yichang City[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2015, 36(6): 871-877. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.06.012 [8] U S. Department of Health & Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Administration on Children, Youth and Families, et al. Child maltreatment 2019[EB/OL]. (2021-05-11)[2022-03-18]. https://www.acf.hhs.gov/cb/report/child-maltreatment-2019. [9] 范雪金, 范晓萱, 蔡蕾, 等. 二孩家庭中出生顺序及年龄差与学龄儿童情绪行为的相关性[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2019, 40(10): 1457-1459, 1463. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2019.10.005FAN X J, FAN X X, CAI L, et al. Impacts of birth order and age difference on the emotional and behavioral problems among children from two-child family[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2019, 40(10): 1457-1459, 1463. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2019.10.005 [10] 吴萍萍, 贺苗, 杨静, 等. 乌鲁木齐农村3~6岁儿童忽视现状及其危险因素分析[J]. 中国当代儿科杂志, 2019, 21 (11): 1099-1104. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DDKZ201911010.htmWU P P, HE M, YANG J, et al. Current status of neglect among children aged 3-6 years in rural areas of Urumqi, China and risk factors for child neglect[J]. Chin J Contemp Pediatr, 2019, 21(11): 1099-1104. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DDKZ201911010.htm [11] 代倩倩, 娄海琴, 刘维韦, 等. 南通市城区学龄前非独生儿童忽视状况[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2022, 43(2): 238-241, 246. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.02.018DAI Q Q, LOU H Q, LIU W W, et al. Neglect among preschool non-only-child in urban area of Nantong City[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2022, 43(2): 238-241, 246. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.02.018 [12] 贾芷菁, 凌晓俊. 儿童忽视研究述评[J]. 陕西学前师范学院学报, 2020, 36(9): 43-48. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SHAA202009008.htmJIA Z J, LING X J. A review of child neglect[J]. J Shaanxi Inst Educ, 2020, 36(9): 43-48. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SHAA202009008.htm [13] 易艳妮, 施昌宏, 王立辉, 等. 广东省不发达地区留守中学生忽视的影响因素分析[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2019, 40(7): 977-979. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2019.07.005YI Y N, SHI C H, WANG L H, et al. Neglect and associated factors among left-behind middle school students in undeveloped area of Guangdong Province[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2019, 40(7): 977-979. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2019.07.005 [14] 李红霞. 新疆伊犁州奎屯市学龄前儿童忽视状况调查[J]. 职业与健康, 2018, 34(9): 1200-1202, 1207. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZYJK201809013.htmLI H X. Investigation on neglect status among preschool children in Kuitun City of Yili in Xinjiang[J]. Occupat Health, 2018, 34(9): 1200-1202, 1207. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZYJK201809013.htm [15] 孙鹏. 柳州市壮族学龄前儿童忽视状况及其与行为问题的相关性[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2018, 39(2): 271-273. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.02.033SUN P. Neglect of Zhuang preschoolers in Liuzhou City and its relevance to behavioral problems[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2018, 39(2): 271-273. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.02.033 [16] 王静, 罗晓明, 冯丽娟, 等. 85例农村中学生忽视状况及其影响因素分析[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志, 2015, 23(3): 284-287. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ERTO201503020.htmWANG J, LUO X M, FENG L J, et al. Neglect status and influential factors in 85 rural middle school students[J]. Chin J Child Health Care, 2015, 23(3): 284-287. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ERTO201503020.htm [17] 代倩倩, 娄海琴, 刘维韦, 等. 南通市城区学龄前儿童忽视现状及其影响因素分析[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志, 2022, 31(7): 146-150.DAI Q Q, LOU H Q, LIU W W, et al. Current situation and influencing factors of urban preschool children's neglect in Nantong City[J]. Chin J Child Health Care, 2022, 31(7): 146-150. [18] 蒋武, 张志勇, 韦金露, 等. 南宁市城区学龄前儿童忽视状况的调查分析[J]. 广西医学, 2015, 37(2): 213-215. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GYYX201502027.htmJIANG W, ZHANG Z Y, WEI J L, et al. Survey on child neglect among urban preschool children in Nanning City[J]. Guangxi Med J, 2015, 37(2): 213-215. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GYYX201502027.htm -
点击查看大图
表(4)
计量
- 文章访问数: 394
- HTML全文浏览量: 182
- PDF下载量: 34
- 被引次数: 0
