Neglect and associated factors among children aged 3-6 years in multi-child families in Ningbo
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摘要:
目的 了解宁波市多胎家庭3~6岁儿童忽视状况及影响因素，提出提升多胎家庭养育质量的意见。 方法 采用随机整群抽样方法，抽取宁波市12所幼儿园中2 200名多胎家庭和1 200名单胎家庭的儿童，采用“中国3~6岁城区儿童忽视评价量表”对其家长进行问卷调查。 结果 宁波市多胎家庭3~6岁儿童总忽视率为21.5%，总忽视度为(37.98±5.49)。忽视率在不同兄弟姐妹年龄差和儿童数量组间差异均有统计学意义(P值均 < 0.05)，其中年龄差为3~ < 6岁组在各个层面忽视率上均最高。不同儿童数量组在总忽视率、身体忽视率、情感忽视率和教育忽视率方面差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为31.42，4.65, 28.12, 0.75，P值均 < 0.05)，在情感忽视度和教育忽视度方面差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为19.57，2.67，P值均 < 0.05)，其中家庭儿童数量>2个的在各项忽视率上均高于二胎家庭。多胎家庭在总忽视率、情感忽视率、教育忽视率以及总忽视度、情感忽视度、教育忽视度均高于单胎家庭，差异均有统计学意义(P值均 < 0.05)。影响多胎家庭3~6岁儿童受忽视的主要因素有儿童气质类型、兄弟姐妹年龄差、家庭儿童数量、家庭月收入和母亲文化水平(OR值分别为1.55，1.59，1.92，0.74，0.58，P值均 < 0.05)。 结论 宁波市多胎家庭3~6岁儿童忽视状况高于单胎家庭，其中情感忽视和教育忽视尤为明显。平等对待每位儿童，加强政策扶持，提高家庭收入水平和母亲文化水平能有效改善多胎家庭儿童忽视状况。 Abstract:Objective To investigate neglect among children aged 3-6 years in multi-child families in Ningbo, and to provide reference is for parenting quality improvement in multiple-child families. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 2 200 parents of multi-child family and 1 200 parents of single-child family from 12 kindergartens in Ningbo. Results The total neglect rate was 21.5%, and the total neglect degree was (37.98±5.49). The prevalence and severity of neglect varied by age gap between siblings and number of child in the family (P < 0.05), the age difference of 3- < 6 years group had the highest neglect rate at all levels. There were significant differences in total neglect, physical neglect, emotional neglect and educational neglect rate in families with different number of children (χ2=31.42, 4.65, 28.12, 0.75, P < 0.05). There were significant differences in emotional neglect and educational neglect (t=19.57, 2.67, P < 0.05). The neglect rates in families with more than two children were significantly higher than those of families with two children. The prevalence of general neglect, emotional neglect, educational neglect, and severity of general neglect, emotional neglect, educational neglect in multi-child families were higher than those of single-child families, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Factors associated with child negle in multi-child families included child personality, age gap between siblings, number of children in the family, family income and maternal educational level (OR=1.55, 1.59, 1.92, 0.74, 0.58, P < 0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of neglect among preschool children in multi-child families in Ningbo is higher than that in single-child families, especially in emotional and educational neglect. Equal treatment of every child, strengthening policy support and improving family income and mother's educational level could help prevent child neglect in multi-child families. -
Key words:
- Family /
- Child abuse /
- Mental health /
- Regression analysis /
- Child, preschool
1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。 -
表 1 不同组别多胎家庭儿童忽视率比较
Table 1. Comparison of neglect rate of children in multiple-child families in different groups
组别 选项 人数 统计值 身体忽视 情感忽视 教育忽视 安全忽视 医疗忽视 总忽视率 性别 男 1 286 105(8.2) 263(20.5) 96(7.5) 46(3.6) 41(3.2) 284(22.1) 女 914 59(6.5) 164(17.9) 70(7.7) 26(2.8) 30(3.3) 188(20.6) χ2值 5.14 7.12 0.65 1.96 0.25 1.35 P值 0.13 0.21 0.54 0.55 0.67 0.35 年级 小班 688 49(7.1) 130(18.9) 50(7.3) 22(3.2) 25(3.6) 142(20.6) 中班 746 54(7.2) 145(19.4) 62(8.3) 20(2.7) 26(3.5) 160(21.4) 大班 766 62(8.1) 153(20.0) 54(7.1) 30(3.9) 20(2.6) 170(22.2) χ2值 0.61 3.21 2.14 1.45 0.85 0.78 P值 0.63 0.12 0.24 0.28 0.33 0.56 兄弟姐妹年 < 3 778 47(6.0) 116(14.9) 59(7.6) 21(2.7) 20(2.6) 210(20.7) 龄差/岁 3~ < 6 1 157 100(8.7) 270(23.3) 98(8.5) 43(3.7) 42(3.6) 256(22.1) ≥6 265 17(6.4) 43(16.2) 9(3.4) 8(3.0) 9(3.4) 55(20.8) χ2值 5.76 9.34 1.23 2.18 2.89 8.53 P值 0.02 0.04 0.01 0.25 0.21 0.01 儿童数量/个 2 2 002 148(7.4) 388(19.4) 150(7.5) 66(3.3) 64(3.2) 420(21.0) >2 198 17(8.6) 41(20.7) 16(8.1) 7(3.5) 7(3.5) 52(26.3) χ2值 4.65 8.12 7.88 1.78 2.14 6.42 P值 < 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.34 0.18 < 0.01 注： ()内数字为检出率/%。 
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表 2 宁波市多胎与单胎家庭儿童忽视率比较
Table 2. Comparison of neglect rate of children in multiple-child families of Ningbo City
组别 人数 身体忽视 情感忽视 教育忽视 安全忽视 医疗忽视 总忽视率 单胎 1 200 74(6.2) 209(17.4) 79(6.6) 30(2.5) 34(2.9) 241(20.1) 多胎 2 200 165(7.5) 429(19.5) 167(7.6) 73(3.3) 70(3.2) 472(21.5) χ2值 2.36 1.48 0.84 0.16 1.32 4.38 P值 0.21 0.12 0.14 0.24 0.45 < 0.01 注： ()内数字为检出率/%。
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表 3 宁波市多胎家庭与单胎家庭儿童忽视度比较(x±s)
Table 3. Comparison of neglect degree between multiple-child families and single-child families of Ningbo City(x±s)
组别 人数 身体忽视 情感忽视 教育忽视 安全忽视 医疗忽视 总忽视度 单胎 1 200 30.68±6.01 31.53±5.56 28.32±6.10 32.28±5.13 32.32±5.32 32.73±5.65 多胎 2 200 31.64±4.76 39.68±5.87 32.94±6.48 35.21±6.98 34.87±6.35 37.98±5.49 t值 -0.92 -3.24 -2.73 -0.09 -0.14 -3.25 P值 0.34 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.39 0.54 < 0.01
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表 4 多胎家庭儿童忽视相关因素的Logistic回归分析(n=2 200)
Table 4. Logistic regression analysis of influencing factors of neglect in children with multiple births (n=2 200)
自变量 β值 标准误 Wald χ2值 P值 OR值(OR值95%CI) 儿童气质类型 不正常 0.44 0.15 9.25 0.02 1.55(1.32~1.96) 兄弟姐妹年龄差/岁 3~6 0.15 0.31 0.22 0.68 1.46(0.72~2.34) ≥6 0.21 0.18 3.94 0.04 1.59(1.12~2.06) 家庭儿童数量 >2 0.66 0.16 9.44 0.01 1.92(1.49~2.46) 家庭月总收入/元 < 5 000 0.98 0.41 5.34 0.02 2.54(1.01~5.84) 5 000~ < 8 000 0.29 0.32 0.78 0.29 1.33(0.74~2.16) 8 000~ < 12 000 0.84 0.24 7.89 < 0.01 1.03(0.64~2.38) 母亲文化水平 初中及以下 0.74 0.24 9.58 < 0.01 1.97(1.23~3.13) 高职或中专大专 0.96 0.94 1.24 0.35 1.53 (0.84~2.42) 注：儿童气质类型以正常为参照，兄弟姐妹年龄差以 < 3岁为参照，家庭儿童数量以2个为参照，家庭月总收入以≥12 000元为参照，母亲文化水平以本科及以上为参照。
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