青少年家庭健康功能大五人格与进食行为的关系

闵鹤葳; 吴一波; 孙昕霙

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.07.016

青少年家庭健康功能大五人格与进食行为的关系

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.07.016

北京大学公共卫生学院社会医学与健康教育学系，北京 100191

详细信息

作者简介:
闵鹤葳(1998-)，女，宁夏吴忠人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为社区卫生与健康促进

通讯作者:
孙昕霙，E-mail：xysun@bjmu.edu.cn

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R153.2 R179 B844.2
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-12-09
- 修回日期: 2022-05-05
- 网络出版日期: 2022-07-27
- 刊出日期: 2022-07-25

Relation of eating behavior and family health and personality traits in adolescents

Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing(100191), China

摘要

摘要: 目的探究核心家庭青少年家庭健康功能、人格特质与进食行为之间的关系，为基于人格的青少年不良进食行为易感性预测及家庭干预提供实证支持。方法选取“2021年中国家庭健康指数调查”数据中生活于核心家庭的563名12~17岁青少年为研究对象，采用一般资料调查表、家庭健康量表简版、大五人格量表简版、进食行为量表进行调查，采用结构方程模型分析青少年家庭健康功能、人格特质与进食行为之间的关系。结果单因素分析显示，不健康家庭、一般健康家庭、健康家庭青少年的大五人格及进食行为得分差异均有统计学意义(P值均 < 0.01)。相关分析显示，青少年家庭健康功能、大五人格及进食行为三者均存在相关关系(P值均 < 0.05)。结构方程模型显示，家庭健康资源、严谨性、外向性、宜人性可直接影响不良进食行为(标准化效应为-0.34，-0.17，0.14，-0.13)，家庭健康资源可通过影响宜人性、家庭外部社会支持可通过影响外向性间接影响不良进食行为(标准化效应为0.12，0.22)(P值均 < 0.05)。结论核心家庭青少年的家庭健康功能通过大五人格影响进食行为存在直接和间接效应，应重视家庭干预对青少年不良进食行为的改善作用。
- 家庭 /
- 人格 /
- 进食 /
- 精神卫生 /
- 青少年
Abstract: Objective To explore the relation of eating behavior to family health and personality traits in adolescents, and to provide empirical support for personality-based prediction of adolescents' susceptibility to poor eating behavior and family intervention. Methods A total of 563 adolescents aged 12 to 17 years old from nuclear families, who were selected from "Survey of Chinese Family Health Index(2021)". A general characteristic questionnaire, Short-form of Family Health Scale, 10-item Big Five Inventory, and Short-form of Sakata Eating Behavior Scale were used to collect information. The relationships of eating behavior to family health and personality traits were analyzed by structural equation modeling. Results Group comparison indicated that there was a significant difference in scores of the big five personalities and eating behaviors among adolescents from diverse family health statuses(P < 0.01). Additionally, there were significant correlations among family health, personality traits, and eating behavior(P < 0.01). Structural equation modeling showed that family health resources (-0.34), conscientiousness (-0.17), extraversion (0.14), agreeableness (-0.13) directly affected eating behavior(P < 0.05). Meanwhile, family external social support associated with eating behavior by affecting extraversion (0.22), and family health resources associated with eating behavior by affecting agreeableness(0.12)(P < 0.05). Conclusion Not only could family health directly affect eating behavior, but it could indirectly associate with eating behavior by affecting personality traits among adolescents in nuclear families. The role of the family in improving adolescent poor eating behavior should be emphasized.
- Family /
- Personality /
- Eating /
- Mental health /
- Adolescent
注释:

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图 1 青少年家庭健康功能、大五人格、进食行为结构方程模型

Figure 1. Structural equation modeling of the relation of eating behavior to family health and personality traits in adolescents

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表 1 不同家庭健康状况青少年大五人格与进食行为得分比较(x±s)

Table 1. Comparison of Big Five personality and eating behavior scores among adolescents with different family health status(x±s)

家庭健康状况	人数	开放性	宜人性	神经质	严谨性	外向性	体质认知	进食动机	替代进食	饱腹感	饮食方式	用餐内容	饮食节奏异常
不健康	144	6.81±1.60	6.51±1.27	6.13±1.34	5.85±1.34	6.15±1.60	2.77±0.83	2.39±0.74	2.60±0.71	2.49±0.75	2.66±0.77	2.53±0.70	2.65±0.76
一般健康	183	6.99±1.59	7.11±1.54	5.63±1.56	6.02±1.60	6.15±1.75	2.40±0.98	2.14±0.92	2.54±0.79	2.23±0.84	2.51±0.86	2.44±0.86	2.34±0.89
健康	236	7.50±1.58	7.52±1.42	5.32±1.63	6.34±1.65	6.90±1.94	2.40±0.98	1.96±0.78	2.40±0.84	1.95±0.84	2.22±0.87	2.32±0.89	1.89±0.81
F值		9.94	22.81	12.74	5.03	11.44	11.92	12.45	3.51	20.33	13.52	3.31	40.12
P值		< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.03	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.04	< 0.01

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表 2 青少年家庭健康功能、大五人格、进食行为相关性矩阵(r值，n=563)

Table 2. Correlations among family health, personality traits and eating behavior(r, n=563)

变量	家庭健康功能总分	家庭内部情感交流	家庭健康生活方式	家庭健康资源	家庭外部社会支持	饮食节奏异常	饱腹感	饮食方式
家庭内部情感交流	0.677^**
家庭健康生活方式	0.638^**	0.710^**
家庭健康资源	0.655^**	0.315^**	0.313^**
家庭外部社会支持	0.613^**	0.517^**	0.503^**	0.279^**
饮食节奏异常	-0.302^**	-0.228^**	-0.221^**	-0.272^**	-0.237^**
饱腹感	-0.239^**	-0.202^**	-0.170^**	-0.247^**	-0.172^**	0.389^**
饮食方式	-0.184^**	-0.069	-0.105^**	-0.221^**	-0.148^**	0.342^**	0.522^**
体质认知	-0.146^**	-0.147^**	-0.097^**	-0.148^**	-0.121^**	0.331^**	0.348^**	0.246^**
用餐内容	-0.108^**	-0.079^*	-0.058	-0.175^**	-0.052	0.258^**	0.491^**	0.371^**
替代进食	-0.092^**	-0.092^*	-0.026	-0.139^**	-0.013	0.244^**	0.485^**	0.318^**
进食动机	-0.193^**	-0.169^**	-0.155^**	-0.230^**	-0.122^**	0.329^**	0.501^**	0.290^**
进食行为总分	-0.254^**	-0.205^**	-0.180^**	-0.276^**	-0.181^**	0.611^**	0.778^**	0.646^**
神经质	-0.166^**	-0.188^**	-0.139^**	-0.109^**	-0.125^**	0.205^**	0.093^*	0.027
外向性	0.147^**	0.112^**	0.091^*	0.086^*	0.133^**	-0.095^*	-0.015	-0.001
宜人性	0.226^**	0.216^**	0.157^**	0.182^**	0.169^**	-0.218^**	-0.198^**	-0.108^*
开放性	0.157^**	0.106^**	0.112^**	0.158^**	0.101^**	-0.121^**	-0.086^*	-0.081
严谨性	0.089^**	0.151^**	0.094^**	-0.002	0.044	-0.099^*	-0.160^**	-0.023

变量	体质认知	用餐内容	替代进食	进食动机	进食行为总分	神经质	外向性	宜人性	开放性
用餐内容	0.335^**
替代进食	0.350^**	0.508^**
进食动机	0.297^**	0.464^**	0.492^**
进食行为总分	0.628^**	0.711^**	0.700^**	0.699^**
神经质	0.152^**	0.056	0.049	0.075	0.141^**
外向性	0.019	0.053	0.100^*	0.014	0.014	-0.243^**
宜人性	-0.045	-0.170^**	-0.183^**	-0.232^**	-0.238^**	-0.134^**	0.108^*
开放性	-0.114^**	-0.100*	-0.039	-0.096^*	-0.135^**	-0.021	0.227^**	0.149^**
严谨性	-0.162^**	-0.176^**	-0.196^**	-0.167^**	-0.206^**	-0.177^**	0.100^*	0.266^**	0.143^**
注： P < 0.05，*P < 0.01。

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