Trends of smoking and drinking behaviors among adolescents in Shanghai from 2004 to 2019
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摘要:
目的 分析上海市青少年吸烟饮酒行为动态变化趋势，为科学有效地开展青少年控烟限酒工作提供理论依据。 方法 分析2004，2006，2008，2012，2015，2017，2019年上海市青少年健康危险行为监测数据，比较分析青少年尝试吸烟、目前吸烟、尝试饮酒、目前饮酒行为的变化情况。 结果 2004，2006，2008，2012，2015，2017，2019年调查中男生尝试吸烟、目前吸烟、尝试饮酒、目前饮酒行为报告率均高于女生，差异均有统计学意义(χ2=58.20~347.44，P值均 < 0.05)；除2012年尝试饮酒率外，7轮调查中的尝试吸烟、目前吸烟、尝试饮酒、目前饮酒行为报告率均以中职校生最高，差异均有统计学意义(χ2=111.19~1 196.61，P值均 < 0.05)；2004—2019年，男生和女生的尝试吸烟标化率、尝试饮酒标化率均呈现出下降趋势(APC=-6.20~-1.80，P值均 < 0.05)；总体尝试吸烟标化率由2004年的21.02%下降至2019年的12.23%(APC=-5.00, P < 0.05)；总体尝试饮酒标化率由2004年的60.52%下降至2019年的47.17%(APC=-1.80, P < 0.05)。目前吸烟标化率、目前饮酒标化率的变化趋势无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。 结论 2004—2019年上海市青少年尝试吸烟、尝试饮酒行为呈现逐年减少趋势，但青少年目前吸烟、目前饮酒行为报告率未出现下降趋势。青少年吸烟饮酒防控措施仍需进一步加强。 Abstract:Objective To analyze the trends of smoking and drinking behaviors among adolescents in Shanghai from 2004 to 2019, and to provide theoretical evidence for effective tobacco and alcohol interventions among adolescents. Methods Data regarding smoking and drinking behaviors from adolescent health risk behavior surveillance program in Shanghai from 2004 to 2019 were collected, and the prevalence of ever smoking, current smoking, ever drinking and current drinking were comparatively analyzed. Results The prevalence of ever smoking, current smoking, ever drinking and current drinking among boys were significantly higher than those among girls in 2004 to 2019(χ2=58.20-347.44, P < 0.01). Except the prevalence of ever drinking in 2012, the prevalence of ever smoking, current smoking, ever drinking and current drinking in vocational school students were the highest in each survey(χ2=111.19-1 196.61, P < 0.01). From 2004 to 2019, the standardized rates of smoking and drinking of boys and girls showed a downward trend (APC=-6.20--1.80, P < 0.05). The standardized ever smoking rate and the standardized ever drinking rate of both boys and girls declined significantly from 2004 to 2019(APC=-5.00, -1.80, P < 0.05). The overall standardized rate of ever smoking decreased from 21.02% in 2004 to 12.23% in 2019, and that of ever drinking decreased from 60.52% in 2004 to 47.17% in 2019). However, the overall standardized rates of current smoking and current drinking did not reach statistically significance(P>0.05). Conclusion From 2014 to 2019, the prevalence of ever smoking and ever drinking among adolescents in Shanghai over the observed period showed a declining trend by years, but there was no significant change in current smoking and current drinking among adolescents. Specific interventions targeting on smoking and drinking behaviors among adolescents need to be strengthened. -
Key words:
- Adolescent /
- Alcohol drinking /
- Smoking /
- Health education
1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。 -
表 1 上海市2004—2019年不同性别青少年吸烟饮酒行为报告率比较
Table 1. Comparison of the prevalence of smoking and drinking among adolescents of different genders in Shanghai from 2004 to 2019
年份 性别 人数 统计值 尝试吸烟 目前吸烟 尝试饮酒 目前饮酒 2004 男 5 081 1 191(23.44) 411(8.11) 3 319(65.28) 1 480(29.13) 女 5 746 919(15.99) 152(2.65) 3 282(57.11) 1 044(18.17) 合计 10 827 2 110(19.48) 563(5.21) 6 601(60.97) 2 524(23.31) χ2值 95.30 162.31 75.75 181.28 2006 男 4 751 1 411(29.70) 644(13.59) 2 955(62.20) 1 461(30.80) 女 4 654 694(14.91) 161(3.47) 2 330(50.08) 916(19.69) 合计 9 405 2 105(22.38) 805(8.58) 5 285(56.20) 2 377(25.30) χ2值 295.91 306.10 140.33 153.45 2008 男 5 401 1 830(33.88) 788(14.61) 3 751(69.48) 1 854(34.40) 女 4 936 896(18.15) 190(3.85) 2 878(58.31) 1 124(22.78) 合计 10 337 2 726(26.37) 978(9.47) 6 629(64.14) 2 978(28.84) χ2值 328.66 347.77 139.87 169.52 2012 男 9 854 1 943(19.72) 630(6.39) 5 441(55.22) 2 841(28.83) 女 10 041 1 324(13.19) 229(2.28) 4 916(48.96) 2 203(21.94) 合计 19 895 3 267(16.42) 859(4.32) 10 357(52.06) 5 044(25.35) χ2值 154.61 203.66 78.01 124.88 2015 男 9 991 1 888(18.90) 720(7.21) 6 261(62.67) 3 052(30.55) 女 9 569 1 029(10.75) 235(2.46) 5 007(52.33) 2 036(21.28) 合计 19 560 2 917(14.91) 955(4.88) 11 268(57.61) 5 088(26.02) χ2值 255.45 237.53 214.03 218.14 2017 男 7 198 729(10.13) 253(3.51) 3 330(46.26) 1 644(22.85) 女 7 532 465(6.17) 106(1.41) 2 949(37.79) 1 308(17.37) 合计 14 730 1 194(8.11) 359(2.44) 6 279(42.62) 2 952(20.05) χ2值 77.26 68.77 110.21 68.83 2019 男 7 630 1 055(13.83) 312(4.09) 3 606(47.26) 1 821(23.87) 女 7 705 621(8.06) 133(1.73) 3 170(41.14) 1 420(18.43) 合计 15 335 1 676(10.93) 445(2.90) 6 776(44.19) 3 241(21.14) χ2值 130.99 75.97 58.20 67.92 注：()内数字为报告率/%；P值均 < 0.05。 
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表 2 上海市2004—2019年不同学段青少年吸烟饮酒行为报告率比较
Table 2. Comparison of the prevalence of smoking and drinking among adolescents of different genders in Shanghai from 2004 to 2019
年份 学段 人数 统计值 尝试吸烟 目前吸烟 尝试饮酒 目前饮酒 2004 初中 4 551 574(12.61) 101(2.22) 2 347(51.57) 848(18.63) 高中 4 010 737(18.38) 134(3.34) 2 668(66.53) 1 007(25.11) 中职校 2 270 799(35.20) 328(14.45) 1 586(69.87) 669(29.47) χ2值 497.47 504.24 296.56 111.19 2006 初中 3 110 279(8.97) 49(1.58) 1 264(40.64) 521(16.75) 高中 3 357 757(22.55) 194(5.78) 2 128(63.39) 884(26.33) 中职校 2 938 1 069(36.39) 562(19.13) 1 893(64.43) 972(33.08) χ2值 653.66 646.31 457.13 216.46 2008 初中 4 043 714(17.66) 192(4.75) 2 126(52.58) 924(22.85) 高中 4 320 1 058(24.49) 235(5.44) 3 039(70.35) 1 230(28.47) 中职校 1 975 954(48.30) 551(27.90) 1 464(74.13) 824(41.72) χ2值 655.20 970.22 392.63 230.71 2012 初中 13 119 1 571(11.97) 309(2.36) 5 748(43.81) 2 666(20.32) 高中 5 319 1 117(21.00) 244(4.59) 3 623(68.11) 1 741(32.73) 中职校 1 457 579(39.74) 306(21.00) 486(67.67) 637(43.72) χ2值 848.30 1 102.79 1 049.66 588.21 2015 初中 6 437 529(8.22) 108(1.68) 2 594(40.30) 1 045(16.23) 高中 6 424 718(11.18) 123(1.91) 4 121(64.15) 1 660(25.84) 中职校 6 699 1 670(24.93) 724(10.81) 4 553(67.97) 2 383(35.57) χ2值 827.68 770.60 1 196.61 638.01 2017 初中 9 464 414(4.37) 73(0.77) 3 149(33.27) 1 338(14.14) 高中 3 329 316(9.49) 85(2.55) 1 893(56.86) 896(26.91) 中职校 1 939 464(23.93) 201(10.37) 1 237(63.80) 718(37.03) χ2值 837.41 623.39 969.78 653.26 2019 初中 8 682 675(7.77) 131(1.51) 3 012(34.69) 1 390(16.01) 高中 4 493 526(11.71) 137(3.05) 2 478(55.11) 1 126(25.06) 中职校 2 160 475(21.99) 177(8.19) 1 288(59.63) 725(33.56) χ2值 363.03 274.87 743.50 378.58 注：( )内数字为报告率/%；P值均 < 0.05。
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表 3 上海市2004—2019年不同性别青少年吸烟饮酒标化率趋势分析/%
Table 3. The trend analysis of standardized rates of smoking and drinking among adolescents of different genders in Shanghai from 2004 to 2019/%
年份 男生 女生 合计 尝试吸烟 目前吸烟 尝试饮酒 目前饮酒 尝试吸烟 目前吸烟 尝试饮酒 目前饮酒 尝试吸烟 目前吸烟 尝试饮酒 目前饮酒 2004 24.69 8.69 64.28 28.00 16.66 2.60 56.05 16.94 21.02 5.91 60.52 22.95 2006 37.66 27.70 71.33 43.00 24.79 8.50 52.07 14.49 31.79 18.93 62.54 29.99 2008 32.18 13.43 67.69 33.12 17.39 3.45 55.78 21.09 25.43 8.88 62.25 27.63 2012 22.84 8.85 56.76 30.35 13.63 2.47 49.48 21.40 18.63 5.94 53.43 26.26 2015 20.64 8.51 61.42 30.51 10.93 2.42 49.85 20.09 16.21 5.73 56.14 25.75 2017 18.48 7.31 54.26 29.24 8.47 1.46 41.81 18.15 13.91 4.64 48.58 24.18 2019 15.39 4.97 51.26 26.60 8.45 1.63 42.31 17.83 12.23 3.44 47.17 22.60 APC值 -4.50 -6.40 -1.80 -1.40 -6.20 -7.10 -1.90 0.80 -5.00 -6.50 -1.80 -0.80 P值 0.02 0.08 0.01 0.24 < 0.01 0.07 0.01 0.48 0.01 0.07 < 0.01 0.33
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