上海市中小学校卫生保健机构设置情况和人员能力提升需求

孙力菁; 罗春燕; 张喆; 周欣怡; 周月芳

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.06.033

上海市中小学校卫生保健机构设置情况和人员能力提升需求

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.06.033

上海市疾病预防控制中心儿童健康科, 200336

基金项目:

上海市公共卫生体系建设三年行动计划(2020—2022年)优秀青年人才培养计划资助 GWV-10.2-YQ15

详细信息

作者简介:
孙力菁(1988-)，女，上海人，博士，副主任医师，主要研究方向为儿童青少年行为发育

通讯作者:
周月芳，E-mail：zhouyuefang@scdc.sh.cn

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: G478 R192 R179
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-09-07
- 修回日期: 2022-03-06
- 网络出版日期: 2022-06-23
- 刊出日期: 2022-06-25

Investigation on the establishment of health care institutions and the need for personnel capacity improvement in primary and secondary schools in Shanghai

Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai(200336), China

摘要

摘要: 目的调查上海市中小学校卫生保健机构设置和卫生保健人员配备情况，了解卫生保健人员自身能力提升的需求，为加强学校卫生保健工作水平提供参考。方法采用问卷调查的方法，在2020年4—8月对上海市所有中小学校进行普查。问卷内容涵盖卫生保健机构设置、学校卫生保健人员配备情况和卫生保健人员对自身能力提升的需求。运用χ²检验比较不同学段、不同城郊地区学校在卫生保健室设置和人员配备符合率方面的差异。结果 2020年上海市中小学校(含分部和分校等)共有1 847所，学校卫生保健机构的配备率达100%。全市仅有51.4%的中小学校按在校学生数不低于600∶1的比例配备了学校卫生保健人员，市区学校的人员配备符合率(59.3%)高于郊区学校(47.3%)，差异有统计学意义(χ²=24.27，P < 0.01)。所有学校卫生保健人员都认为目前能接受到的能力提升机会较少，需要卫生机构提供能力提升的指导服务。结论上海中小学卫生保健机构配备情况好，但人员空缺较大，且现有人员对自身能力提升的需求非常强烈。
- 组织和管理 /
- 卫生人员 /
- 公共卫生 /
- 中小学生卫生保健服务
Abstract: Objective To investigate the establishment of health care institutions and the staffing primary and secondary school health care in Shanghai, and to understand the capacity building needs of health care personnel. Methods A survey was conducted on all primary and secondary schools in Shanghai from April to August in 2020. The content of the questionnaire covers the establishment of health care institutions, the staffing of school health care centers and the capacity building need of health care personnel. Chi-square test was used to compare the difference of the health care institutions setting and staffing by schools and areas. Results In 2020, there were 1 847 primary and secondary schools in Shanghai (including branches schools). About 51.4% of primary and secondary schools in Shanghai were equipped with school health care personnel in the ratio of the number of students at least 600∶1, and the staffing compliance rate of urban schools (59.3%) was higher than that of suburban schools (47.3%)(χ²=24.27, P < 0.01). All school health care personnel believed that there are currently few opportunities for capacity buliding services from health facilities. Conclusion School health care institutions in Shanghai are well equipped, but the staffing shortage is substantial, with strong need for capacity building.
- Organization and administration /
- Health personnel /
- Public health /
- School health services
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

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表 1 2020年上海市中小学校卫生保健室设立情况

Table 1. Establishment of health care rooms in primary and secondary schools in Shanghai in 2020

学校	学校数	保健室	卫生室
小学	811	809(99.8)	2(0.2)
初中	409	404(98.8)	5(1.2)
高中	146	127(87.0)	19(13.0)
九年制	238	237(99.6)	1(0.4)
十二年制	35	32(91.4)	3(8.6)
完全中学	90	83(92.2)	7(7.8)
中等职业技术学校	75	47(62.7)	28(37.3)
特殊学校	38	35(92.1)	3(7.9)
体校	5	3(60.0)	2(40.0)
总数	1 847	1 777(96.2)	70(3.8)
注：()内数字为配备率/%。

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表 2 2020年上海市不同地区中小学校卫生保健室位置和面积达标率比较

Table 2. Comparison of location and area compliance rate of health care rooms in primary and secondary schools in Shanghai in 2020

地区	学校数	设在一楼	面积	独立隔离室
市区	639	612(95.8)	602(94.2)	570(89.2)
郊区	1 208	1 171(96.9)	1 153(95.4)	1 016(84.1)
全市	1 847	1 783(96.5)	1 755(95.0)	1 586(85.9)
χ²值		1.69	1.35	8.94
P值		0.23	0.26	< 0.01
注：()内数字为达标率/%。

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表 3 2020年上海市不同地区中小学校卫生保健室人员按学生数配备符合率比较

Table 3. Comparison of compliance rate of staffing of health care rooms in primary and secondary schools in Shanghai by number of students in 2020

地区	小学	初中	高中	九年制	十二年制和完全中学	中等职业技术学校和其他	总数
市区	138(51.7)	92(67.2)	41(71.9)	27(42.2)	38(65.5)	43(76.8)	379(59.3)
郊区	222(40.8)	159(58.5)	39(43.8)	71(40.8)	37(55.2)	43(69.4)	571(47.3)
全市	360(44.4)	251(61.4)	80(54.8)	98(41.2)	75(60.0)	86(72.9)	950(51.4)
χ²值	8.58	2.91	11.08	0.04	1.37	0.82	24.27
P值	< 0.01	0.06	< 0.01	0.48	0.28	0.41	< 0.01
注：()内数字为符合率/%。

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