白银市2013—2021年农村义务教育学校食品微生物污染状况

杨军鹏; 陈安明; 张国琴; 曾同霞; 强卫东

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.06.032

白银市2013—2021年农村义务教育学校食品微生物污染状况

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.06.032

甘肃省白银市疾病预防控制中心食品安全监测科, 730900

详细信息

作者简介:
杨军鹏(1981-)，男，甘肃武山人，大学本科，副主任医师，主要研究方向为食品安全风险监测

通讯作者:
强卫东，E-mail：306052364@qq.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R155 G478 R446
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-02-21
- 修回日期: 2022-04-27
- 网络出版日期: 2022-06-23
- 刊出日期: 2022-06-25

Monitoring and analysis of food microbial contamination in rural compulsory education schools in Baiyin City from 2013 to 2021

Food Safety Monitoring Section, Baiyin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Baiyin (730900), Gansu Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的分析白银市农村义务教育学校食品中微生物污染水平和趋势，为对消除食品安全隐患起到预警作用提供参考。方法按照随机抽样原则，在白银市两区三县分别选取2~6所农村义务教育学校，依据《国家食品污染物和有害因素风险监测工作手册》等进行沙门菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌、金黄色葡萄球菌等8种致病菌及细菌总数、大肠菌群2种卫生学指示菌检测。结果 2013—2021年共采集各类食品908份，阳性47份，总体阳性率为5.18%，不同年份采集样品阳性率呈逐年下降趋势(χ_趋势²=23.09，P < 0.05)。检出致病菌由高至低依次为大肠埃菌(1.87%)、蜡样芽胞杆菌(0.99%)、金黄色葡萄球菌(0.44%)、霉菌(0.33%)、单核细胞增生李斯特菌(0.22%)。卫生学指示菌指标细菌总数超标率较高(2.09%)。各类食品中，奶及奶制品、冷冻食品、凉拌食品、烧烤、米面制品等阳性率较高。按季度统计，第一、二季度阳性率较高。结论农村义务教育学校食品中存在不同程度的微生物污染风险，应关注贫困地区学校食品卫生安全的现状，加强农村义务教育学校食品，特别是对奶及奶制品、冷冻食品、凉拌食品、烧烤、米面制品等重点食品的监管。
- 食品 /
- 食品污染 /
- 细菌 /
- 中小学生卫生保健服务 /
- 农村卫生
Abstract: Objective To analyze the level and trend of microbial contamination in food in rural compulsory education schools in Baiyin City, so as to provide a reference for playing an early warning role in eliminating potential food safety hazards as soon as possible. Methods According to the "National Food Contaminants and Harmful Factors Risk Monitoring Workbook", etc., 8 pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, total bacterial count, and 2 hygienic indicator bacteria of coliform were tested. Results A total of 908 food samples were collected from 2013 to 2021, 47 were positive and the overall positive rate was 5.18%. The positive rate of samples collected in different years showed a downward trend year by year. The detected pathogenic bacteria ranked from high to low as follows: Escherichia coli (1.87%), Bacillus cereus (0.99%), Staphylococcus aureus (0.44%), mold (0.33%), Listeria monocytogenes (0.22%). Hygiene indicator bacteria total number of bacteria exceeded the standard rate was higher (2.09%). Among all kinds of food, milk and dairy products, frozen food, cold food, barbecue, rice and flour products had higher positive rates. According to quarterly statistics, the positive rate in the first and second quarters was relatively high. Conclusion There are different degrees of microbial contamination risks in the food of rural compulsory education schools. All relevant departments should pay attention to the current situation of school food hygiene and safety in poverty-stricken areas, and strengthen rural compulsory education school food, especially for milk and dairy products, frozen food, cold food, Supervision of key foods such as barbecue, rice and flour products, and efforts to improve their safety standards, do a good job in school food hygiene and safety, and ensure the healthy growth of young people.
- Food /
- Food contamination /
- Bacteria /
- School health services /
- Rural health
注释:

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表 1 白银市2013—2021年不同组别食源性致病菌及卫生学指标监测阳性率比较

Table 1. Comparison of detection rates of foodborne pathogenic bacteria and sanitary indicators in different groupsin Baiyin City from 2013 to 2021

组别	选项	监测数量	阳性人数
县区	白银区	155	10(6.45)
	平川区	142	8(5.63)
	靖远县	239	8(3.35)
	会宁县	229	15(6.55)
	景泰县	142	6(4.23)
年份	2013	94	4(4.26)
	2014	72	18(25.00)
	2015	215	11(5.12)
	2016	71	10(14.08)
	2017	50	0
	2018	89	0
	2019	72	0
	2020	98	0
	2021	147	4(2.72)
采样时间	第一季度	46	4(8.70)
	第二季度	351	26(7.41)
	第三季度	276	14(5.07)
	第四季度	235	3(1.28)
包装类型	散装	692	27(3.90)
	定型包装	216	20(9.26)
注： ()内数字为阳性率/%。

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