乌鲁木齐学龄前儿童超重肥胖现状及相关因素分析

胡宁宁; 王仁媛; 李玉凤; 杨静; 李婉君; 林素兰

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.06.029

乌鲁木齐学龄前儿童超重肥胖现状及相关因素分析

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.06.029

1.
新疆医科大学护理学院，乌鲁木齐 830011
2.
新疆医科大学人事处

详细信息

作者简介:
胡宁宁(1993-)，女，四川广安人，在读硕士，护师，主要研究方向为儿童健康与妇儿保健

通讯作者:
林素兰，E-mail: linsulan@163.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R723.14 G627.8 R179
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-01-29
- 修回日期: 2022-03-11
- 网络出版日期: 2022-06-23
- 刊出日期: 2022-06-25

Status and influencing factors of overweight and obesity among preschool children in Urumqi

1.
Nursing School of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (830011), China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解学龄前儿童超重肥胖现状及其影响因素，为预防和控制乌鲁木齐市学龄前儿童超重肥胖的发生提供参考依据。方法采用分层整群抽样方法，于2021年10—12月抽取乌鲁木齐市10所幼儿园1 897名学龄前儿童，通过对身高、体重的测量了解学龄前儿童超重肥胖现状，应用一般资料调查问卷、学龄前儿童饮食行为量表、学龄前儿童照护人喂养行为量表、3~6岁儿童家庭养育环境量表、学龄前儿童体力活动问卷等分析其相关因素。结果学龄前儿童超重肥胖检出率为31.21%(592名)，其中超重率为19.50%(370名)，肥胖率为11.70%(222名)。儿童超重肥胖检出率在不同年龄、性别、儿童饮食习惯(喜食肉类)、父亲体质量指数、母亲体质量指数、母亲孕前体质量指数间差异均有统计学意义(χ²值分别为19.63，28.75，9.45，18.21，18.45，19.36，P值均 < 0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示，性别、儿童饮食习惯、父亲体质量指数、母亲孕前体质量指数、过饱响应、外因性进食、主动进食能力、体重担忧、饮食行为限制、体力活动、家庭体力活动环境是学龄前儿童超重肥胖的相关因素(OR值分别为0.52，1.43，1.51，1.44，0.69，0.74，1.35，1.71，0.81，0.96，1.10，P值均 < 0.05)。结论乌鲁木齐市学龄前儿童超重肥胖问题严峻，应加强教育、控制饮食、科学锻炼，以防止儿童超重肥胖的发生。
- 超重 /
- 肥胖症 /
- 回归分析 /
- 儿童，学龄前 /
- 少数民族
Abstract: Objective To understand the status quo and influencing factors of overweight and obesity in preschool children, and to provide scientific theoretical reference for the prevention and control of overweight and obesity in preschool children in Urumqi. Methods Stratified cluster sampling method was adopted to select 1 897 preschool children from 10 kindergartens in Urumqi from October to December in 2021 to understand the status quo of overweight and obesity of preschool children by measuring their height and weight. The influencing factors were collected by questionnaire survey, including Chinese preschoolers'eating behavior questionnaire, Chinese preschooler's caregivers feeding behavior scale, 3-6-year-old children's home nurture environment scale, and characteristics and influencing factors of physical activity among preschool children. Results The prevalence of overweight and obesity in preschool children was 31.21% (592), including 19.50% (370) overweight and 11.70% (222) obesity.Childhood overweight and obesity detection rates varied significantly by age, sex, child dietary habits, father BMI, maternal BMI, and maternal pre-pregnancy BMI (χ²=19.63, 28.75, 9.45, 18.21, 18.45, 19.36, P < 0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that gender, children's eating habits, paternal BMI, pregnancy BMI, satiety responsiveness, external eating, initiative eating, weight concerns, behavior restricted feeding, physical activity and family physical activity environment were the influencing factors of overweight and obesity in preschool children(OR=0.52, 1.43, 1.51, 1.44, 0.69, 0.74, 1.35, 1.71, 0.81, 0.96, 1.10, P < 0.05). Conclusion Overweight and obesity in preschool children are popular in Urumqi. Education, diet control and scientific exercise should be strengthened to prevent childhood overweight and obesity.
- Overweight /
- Obesity /
- Regerssion analysis /
- Child, preschool /
- Minority groups
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表 1 不同人口学特征学龄前儿童超重肥胖检出率比较

Table 1. Comparison of the detection rate of overweight and obesity in preschool children with different demographic characteristics

人口统计学指标	选项	人数	检出人数	χ²值	P值
年龄/岁	3~	334	91(27.25)	19.63	< 0.01
	4~	592	174(29.39)
	5~	667	200(29.99)
	6~ < 7	304	127(41.78)
性别	男	961	354(36.84)	28.75	< 0.01
	女	936	238(25.43)
儿童饮食习惯	蔬菜水果	955	270(28.27)	9.45	0.01
	肉类	856	298(34.81)
	油炸食物	86	24(27.91)
父亲BMI	非超重肥胖	687	173(25.18)	18.21	< 0.01
	超重肥胖	1 210	419(34.63)
母亲BMI	非超重肥胖	1 483	427(28.79)	18.45	< 0.01
	超重肥胖	414	165(39.86)
母亲孕前BMI	非超重肥胖	1 625	476(29.29)	19.36	< 0.01
	超重肥胖	272	116(42.65)
注： ()内数字为检出率/%。

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表 2 有无超重肥胖组学龄前儿童饮食行为各维度得分比较[M(Q)]

Table 2. Comparison of the scores of various dimensions of dietary behavior of preschool children with or without overweight and obesity[M(Q)]

超重肥胖	人数	挑食	食物响应	不良进食习惯	过饱响应	外因性进食	情绪性进食	主动进食能力
无	1 305	2.43(0.71)	2.50(0.83)	2.40(1.00)	2.60(0.80)	2.80(0.60)	1.60(1.00)	3.80(1.00)
有	592	2.43(0.86)	2.50(1.00)	2.20(1.00)	2.40(0.80)	2.60(0.80)	1.60(1.00)	4.00(1.00)
Z值		-1.94	-2.50	-6.01	-8.30	-4.25	-1.20	-5.60
P值		0.05	0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.23	< 0.01

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表 3 有无超重肥胖组学龄前儿童照护人喂养行为各维度得分比较[M(Q)]

Table 3. Comparison of scores of different dimensions of feeding behavior of caregivers in preschool children with or without overweight and obesity[M(Q)]

超重肥胖	人数	责任喂养	体重担忧	饮食内容限制	鼓励健康饮食	饮食行为限制	逼迫喂养	监督饮食
无	1 305	4.00(0.88)	1.67(1.33)	3.50(1.00)	3.83(0.83)	4.00(0.86)	3.33(1.33)	4.00(1.00)
有	592	4.00(0.88)	2.33(1.67)	3.50(1.00)	3.83(0.83)	4.00(1.00)	3.00(1.33)	4.00(1.25)
Z值		-1.34	-11.34	-1.09	-1.80	-2.29	-5.00	-1.63
P值		0.18	< 0.01	0.28	0.07	0.02	< 0.01	0.10

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表 4 学龄前儿童超重肥胖Logistic回归分析(n=1 897)

Table 4. Logistic regression analysis of overweight and obesity in preschool children(n=1 897)

自变量	β值	标准误	Wald χ²值	P值	OR值(OR值95%CI)
年龄/岁
4~	0.02	0.16	0.02	0.88	1.03(0.74~1.41)
5~	-0.03	0.16	0.04	0.85	0.97(0.70~1.34)
6~ < 7	0.22	0.19	1.33	0.25	1.24(0.86~1.80)
性别
女	-0.65	0.11	35.06	< 0.01	0.52(0.42~0.65)
儿童饮食习惯
喜食肉类	0.35	0.11	10.08	< 0.01	1.43(1.15~1.77)
喜食油炸食物	0.32	0.27	1.34	0.25	1.37(0.80~2.35)
父亲BMI
超重肥胖	0.41	0.12	12.92	< 0.01	1.51(1.21~1.90)
母亲BMI
超重肥胖	0.20	0.15	1.86	0.17	1.22(0.92~1.62)
母亲孕前BMI
超重肥胖	0.36	0.17	4.72	0.03	1.44(1.04~2.00)
儿童饮食行为
食物响应	0.12	0.10	1.40	0.24	1.12(0.93~1.36)
不良进食习惯	-0.00	0.11	0.01	0.99	1.00(0.80~1.25)
过饱响应	-0.37	0.12	8.85	< 0.01	0.69(0.54~0.88)
外因性进食	-0.30	0.10	8.26	< 0.01	0.74(0.61~0.91)
主动进食能力	0.30	0.11	8.20	< 0.01	1.35(1.10~1.67)
儿童照护人喂养行为
体重担忧	0.54	0.06	83.51	< 0.01	1.71(1.52~1.92)
饮食行为限制	-0.22	0.08	7.08	0.01	0.81(0.69~0.94)
逼迫喂养	-0.09	0.07	1.75	0.19	0.92(0.81~1.04)
体力活动	-0.04	0.02	4.97	0.03	0.96(0.93~1.00)
家庭体力活动环境	0.09	0.04	3.80	0.04	1.10(1.00~1.19)

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