不同高海拔地区藏族中学生心肺耐力及其与体质量指数的关联

张春超; 庞威; 张斐; 扎西郎措

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.06.025

不同高海拔地区藏族中学生心肺耐力及其与体质量指数的关联

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.06.025

1.
南阳师院学院体育学院，河南 473061
2.
南阳经济贸易学校基础教学部
3.
西藏大学教育学院

详细信息

作者简介:
张春超(1979-)，男，河南舞钢人，硕士，讲师，主要研究方向为体育与健康促进

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: G804.49 G478 R179
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-11-21
- 修回日期: 2022-03-31
- 网络出版日期: 2022-06-23
- 刊出日期: 2022-06-25

Comparison of cardiopulmonary endurance of Tibetan middle school students in different high altitude areas and its correlation with body mass index

1.
School of Physical Education, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang (473061), Henan Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解不同高海拔地区藏族中学生心肺耐力状况及其与体质量指数(BMI)之间的关联，为藏族中学生心肺耐力的提高和干预提供参考。方法采用分层整群抽样方法，于2019年10—11月在西藏的林芝、拉萨、那曲地区(平均海拔分别为3 000，3 600，4 100 m)对3 819名藏族中学生进行男生1 000 m、女生800 m跑测试，同时测量身高和体重后计算BMI，采用χ²检验比较消瘦、正常、超重肥胖分布情况，采用多元线性逐步回归分析BMI与心肺耐力的关系。结果高海拔地区藏族中学生13~15、17~18岁年龄段男生在林芝、拉萨、那曲地区VO_2max差异均有统计学意义(F值分别为26.72，13.75，23.86，8.68，9.35，P值均 < 0.01)；13~14、16~18岁女生在3个地区VO_2max比较差异均有统计学意义(F值分别为5.29，4.36，11.38，7.79，16.30，P值均 < 0.01)。男生那曲地区消瘦的比例(17.5%)高于林芝地区(10.2%)和拉萨地区(8.7%)，差异有统计学意义(χ²=25.91，P < 0.01)；女生那曲地区消瘦的比例(5.1%)高于林芝地区(2.6%)和拉萨地区(2.5%)，差异有统计学意义(χ²=8.35，P < 0.05)。多元线性逐步回归分析显示，纳入BMI和海拔高度后，模型△R²为0.075，藏族中学生超重肥胖与最大摄氧量呈正相关(B=0.44，95%CI=0.39~0.49)；消瘦与最大摄氧量呈负相关(B=-0.36，95%CI=-0.42~-0.29)；海拔高度与最大摄氧量呈负相关(P值均 < 0.01)。结论高海拔地区藏族中学生超重肥胖与最大摄氧量呈正相关，消瘦和海拔高度与最大摄氧量呈负相关。
- 心脏 /
- 肺 /
- 身体耐力 /
- 人体质量指数 /
- 学生 /
- 少数民族 /
- 回归分析
Abstract: Objective To understand the cardiopulmonary endurance status of Tibetan middle school students in different high altitude areas and the relationship with body mass index (BMI), and to provide reference for cardiopulmonary endurance improvement among students in different high altitude areas. Methods From October to November 2019, 3 819 Tibetan middle school students in Linzhi, Lhasa, and Nagqu Regions of Tibet were tested with the 1 000-meter run for boys and 800-meter run for girls, and BMI was calculated. The cardiorespiratory endurance of middle school students in different high altitude areas was compared, the detection rate of wasting, normal, overweight and obesity was compared with the χ² test, and the relationship between body mass index and cardiorespiratory endurance was analyzed by multiple linear stepwise regression. Results The differences in VO_2max between Tibetan middle school students aged 13-15 and 17-18 years in Nyingchi, Lhasa and Nagqu were statistically significant(F=26.72, 13.75, 23.86, 8.68, 9.35, P < 0.01), and 13-14, 16-18 years old girls in three regions with VO_2max(F=5.29, 4.36, 11.38, 7.79, 16.30, P < 0.01). The proportion of boys wasting in Linzhi area was 10.2%, that of Lhasa area was 8.7%, and that of Nagqu area was 17.5%, the difference was statistically significant(χ²=25.91, P < 0.01); the proportion of girls wasting, Linzhi, Lhasa, and Nagqu were 2.6%, 2.5%, 5.1%, the difference was also statistically significant(χ²=8.35, P < 0.05). Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis showed that after body mass index and altitude included, the model △R²=0.075, and Tibetan middle school students were overweight and obese (B=0.44, 95%CI=0.39-0.49) and positively correlated with VO_2max(P < 0.01); weight loss (B=-0.36, 95%CI=-0.42--0.29) was negatively correlated with VO_2max(P < 0.01); altitude was negatively correlated with VO_2max(P < 0.01). Conclusion Overweight and obesity are positively correlated with VO_2max, and weight loss and altitude are negatively correlated with VO_2max. The proportion of wasting among Tibetan middle school students in high-altitude areas needs to be focused for cardiorespiratory endurance improvement.
- Heart /
- Lung /
- Physical endurance /
- Body mass index /
- Students /
- Minority groups /
- Regression analysis
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表 1 藏族不同年龄男女中学生在不同高海拔地区最大摄氧量比较(x±s, L/min)

Table 1. Comparison of VO_2max of Tibetan male and female middle school students in differentages and high altitude areas(x±s, L/min)

年龄/岁	男生					女生
年龄/岁	林芝	拉萨	那曲	F值	P值	林芝	拉萨	那曲	F值	P值
13	2.22±0.41	2.18±0.41	1.88±0.27^bc	26.72	< 0.01	1.34±0.34	1.24±0.38	1.18±0.34^b	5.29	0.01
14	2.40±0.34	2.45±0.41	2.18±0.34^bc	13.75	< 0.01	1.50±0.31	1.46±0.31	1.37±0.30^bc	4.36	0.01
15	2.54±0.35	2.58±0.32	2.28±0.31^bc	23.86	< 0.01	1.49±0.32	1.44±0.35	1.43±0.28	1.12	0.33
16	2.73±0.30	2.75±0.27	2.70±0.30	0.67	0.51	1.66±0.26	1.51±0.25^a	1.62±0.24^c	11.38	< 0.01
17	2.83±0.32	2.67±0.26^a	2.78±0.32^c	8.68	< 0.01	1.66±0.29	1.51±0.30^a	1.62±0.31^c	7.79	< 0.01
18	2.86±0.28	2.76±0.26^a	2.71±0.26^b	9.35	< 0.01	1.54±0.32	1.38±0.32^a	1.68±0.46^bc	16.30	< 0.01
F值	118.05	110.98	204.12			22.35	26.13	30.03
P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01			< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
注：a拉萨与林芝比较，b那曲与林芝比较，c那曲与拉萨比较，P < 0.05。

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表 2 不同年龄段不同高海拔地区不同BMI状况藏族男女中学生最大摄氧量比较(x±s，L/min)

Table 2. Comparison of VO_2max of tibetan male and female middle school students in different groups and high altitude areas with BMI distribution(x±s, L/min)

年龄/岁	地区	统计值	男生					女生
年龄/岁	地区	统计值	消瘦	正常	超重肥胖	F值	P值	消瘦	正常	超重肥胖	F值	P值
13~15	林芝		1.99±0.28	2.36±0.33^a	2.89±0.33^bc	71.80	< 0.01	1.07±0.19	1.38±0.29^a	1.79±0.31^bc	55.09	< 0.01
	拉萨		1.99±0.28	2.38±0.34^a	2.88±0.40^bc	75.51	< 0.01	0.89±0.33	1.34±0.31^a	1.76±0.29^bc	56.33	< 0.01
	那曲		1.79±0.21	2.21±0.31^a	2.33±0.51^c	53.05	< 0.01	0.88±0.22	1.34±0.30	1.70±0.20	35.53	< 0.01
		F值	11.12	16.90	7.63			2.10	1.62	0.51
		P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01			0.14	0.20	0.60
16~18	林芝		2.51±0.19	2.79±0.26^a	3.24±0.33^bc	61.12	< 0.01	1.22±0.28	1.56±0.26^a	1.91±0.27^bc	51.06	< 0.01
	拉萨		2.37±0.20	2.72±0.22^a	3.18±0.28^bc	73.15	< 0.01	1.23±0.37	1.43±0.27	1.75±0.29^bc	28.30	< 0.01
	那曲		2.27±0.24	2.75±0.24^a	3.15±0.27^bc	72.97	< 0.01	0.92±0.32	1.61±0.28^a	1.98±0.38^bc	60.95	< 0.01
		F值	9.81	6.29	0.46			2.43	32.08	5.88
		P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.64			0.12	< 0.01	< 0.01
注：a正常与消瘦比较，b超重肥胖与消瘦比较，c超重肥胖与正常比较，P < 0.05。

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表 3 不同高海拔地区藏族中学生BMI与心肺耐力的多元线性回归分析(n=3 819)

Table 3. Multiple linear regression analysis of BMI and cardiorespiratory endurance among Tibetan middle school students in different high-altitude areas(n=3 819)

模型	常量与自变量			标准误	B值(B值95%CI)	t值	P值
模型1	常量			0.08	2.24(2.07~2.41)	26.11	< 0.01
	年龄			0.02	0.08(0.07~0.11)	16.98	< 0.01
	性别			0.03	-1.09(-1.11~-1.05)	-58.02	< 0.01
模型2	常量			0.09	2.28(2.13~2.44)	30.01	< 0.01
	年龄			0.01	0.09(0.08~0.10)	20.08	< 0.01
	性别			0.03	-1.15(-1.14~-1.11)	-70.11	< 0.01
	BMI	超重肥胖		0.03	0.44(0.39~0.49)	18.63	< 0.01
		消瘦		0.04	-0.36(-0.42~-0.29)	-11.03	< 0.01
	海拔高度		拉萨	0.03	-0.44(-0.49~-0.39)	-15.24	< 0.01
			那曲	0.04	-0.51(-0.56~-0.45)	-19.87	< 0.01

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