京津冀地区不同营养状况中小学生身体素质和生理功能比较

张剑峰; 高绪秀; 李涛

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.06.023

京津冀地区不同营养状况中小学生身体素质和生理功能比较

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.06.023

1.
天津职业技术师范大学体育教学部，天津 300350
2.
河北工业大学体育部
3.
天津医科大学基础医学院

基金项目:

全国教育科学“十三五”规划2020年度教育部重点课题资助 DLA200361

详细信息

作者简介:
张剑峰(1977-)，男，黑龙江哈尔滨人，硕士，副教授，主要研究方向为体质健康和体育产业

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: G804.49 R179 G613.7
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-02-23
- 修回日期: 2022-03-10
- 网络出版日期: 2022-06-23
- 刊出日期: 2022-06-25

Comparison of physical fitness and physiological function of children and adolescents with different nutritional status in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region

1.
Department of Physical Education, Tianjin Vocational and Technical Normal University, Tianjin (300350), China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解京津冀地区不同营养状况儿童青少年身体素质和生理功能水平及其相关性，为儿童青少年体质健康促进和干预提供参考和帮助。方法 2019年9—12月，以班级为单位采用分层整群抽样方法，在京津冀地区对4 424名7~18岁中小学生进行营养状况、身体素质和生理功能指标测试。结果中小学生消瘦、正常、超重肥胖检出率分别为7.93%，67.36%，24.71%。不同营养状况男生心率、收缩压、舒张压、肺活量体重指数、握力体重指数、斜身引体/引体向上、立定跳远、50 m跑、1 000 m跑、体能指数水平相比较，差异均有统计学意义(Z值分别为9.6，55.2，118.6，332.5，122.8，15.6，49.5，47.5，12.6，113.5，P值均＜0.01)；不同营养状况女生心率、收缩压、舒张压、肺活量体重指数、握力体重指数、1 min仰卧起坐、立定跳远、50 m跑、800 m跑、体能指数水平相比较，差异均有统计学意义(Z值分别为33.9，24.5，46.5，262.5，102.6，32.5，27.5，33.6，27.6，51.6，P值均＜0.01)。男生体质量指数与收缩压、舒张压、50 m跑、1 000 m跑呈正相关(r值分别为0.27，0.31，0.14，0.16)，与心率、肺活量体重指数、握力体重指数、斜身引体/引体向上、立定跳远、体能指数呈负相关(r值分别为-0.07，-0.62，-0.41，-0.21，-0.35，-0.29)(P值均＜0.05)；女生体质量指数与收缩压、舒张压、800 m跑呈正相关(r值分别为0.21，0.27，0.22)，与心率、肺活量体重指数、握力体重指数、体能指数呈负相关(r值分别为-0.12，-0.49，-0.32，-0.18)(P值均 < 0.05)。结论京津冀地区儿童青少年营养状况与身体素质和生理功能存在相关，超重肥胖者身体素质和生理功能较低。应有效控制超重肥胖的发生，以更好促进身体素质和生理功能发展。
- 营养状况 /
- 身体素质 /
- 生长和发育 /
- 儿童 /
- 青少年
Abstract: Objective To understand physical fitness and physiological function level of children and adolescents with different nutritional status in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, and to provide reference for physical health promotion and intervention of children and adolescents. Methods From September to December 2019, 4 424 children and adolescents aged 7-18 years old in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region were tested for different nutritional status, physical fitness and physiological function by using stratified cluster sampling method. Results The detection rates of malnutrition, normal, overweight and obesity were 7.93%, 67.36% and 24.71%, respectively.There were differences in heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, vital capacity body mass index, grip strength body mass index, oblique pull-up/pull-up, standing long jump, 50 m running, 1 000 m running, and BMI in boys with different nutritional status statistical significance (Z=9.6, 55.2, 118.6, 332.5, 122.8, 15.6, 49.5, 47.5, 12.6, 113.5, P < 0.01); There were differences in heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, vital capacity body mass index, grip strength body mass index, sit-up for 1 minute, standing long jump, 50 m running, 800 m running and physical fitness index in girls with different nutritional status statistical significance (Z=33.9, 24.5, 46.5, 262.5, 102.6, 32.5, 27.5, 33.6, 27.6, 51.6, P < 0.01). Correlation analysis showed that the nutritional status of boys was positively correlated with systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, 50 m running, and 1 000 m running (r=0.27, 0.31, 0.14, 0.16, P < 0.05), and was correlated with heart rate, vital capacity, body mass index, grip strength body mass index, oblique pull-up/pull-up, standing long jump, and BMI were negatively correlated (r=-0.07, -0.62, -0.41, -0.21, -0.35, -0.29, P < 0.05); nutritional status of girls it was positively correlated with systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and 800 m running (r=0.21, 0.27, 0.22, P < 0.05), and negatively correlated with heart rate, vital capacity BMI, grip strength BMI, and BMI (r=-0.12, -0.49, -0.32, -0.18, P < 0.05). Conclusion The nutritional status of children and adolescents in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region is related to physical fitness and physiological function. Overweight and obese child have lower physical fitness and physiological function. In the future, childhood overweight and obesity should be effectively controlled to better promote the development of physical fitness and physiological function.
- Nutritional status /
- Physical fitness /
- Growth and development /
- Child /
- Adolescent
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1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

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表 1 京津冀地区不同学段中小学生营养状况分布

Table 1. Distribution of nutritional status of children and adolescents in different school segments in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region

性别	年级	人数	消瘦	正常	超重肥胖
男	小学低年级	694	65(9.37)	423(60.95)	206(29.68)
	小学高年级	519	44(8.48)	255(49.13)	220(42.39)
	初中	519	41(7.90)	318(61.27)	160(30.83)
	高中	486	23(4.73)	341(70.16)	122(25.10)
	合计	2 218	173(7.80)	1 337(60.28)	708(31.92)
女	小学低年级	696	82(11.78)	480(68.97)	134(19.25)
	小学高年级	516	49(9.50)	384(74.42)	83(16.09)
	初中	521	27(5.18)	397(76.20)	97(18.62)
	高中	473	20(4.23)	382(80.76)	71(15.01)
	合计	2 206	178(8.07)	1 643(74.48)	385(17.45)
注：()内数字为构成比/%。

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表 2 京津冀地区不同营养状况男生身体素质和生理功能水平比较[M(P₂₅, P₇₅)]

Table 2. Comparison of physical fitness and physiological function levels of boys with different nutritional statuses in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region[M(P₂₅, P₇₅)]

组别	人数	心率/(次·min^-1)	收缩压/mm Hg	舒张压/mm Hg	肺活量体重指数/(mL·kg^-1)	握力体重指数	坐位体前屈/cm	斜身引体或引体向上/次	立定跳远/cm	50 m跑/s	1 000 m跑/s	体能指数
消瘦	173	89(77, 99)	106(97, 114)	64(58, 69)	60.4(50.6, 67.2)	0.6(0.2, 0.7)	5.1(1.5, 9.3)	21.0(3.0, 40.0)	163.1(123.5, 196.2)	8.9(8.1, 11.2)	130.5(116.2, 227.6)	0.6(-1.5, 2.6)
正常	1 337	85(75, 95)	111(101, 118)	65(94, 69)	57.2(47.5, 63.5)	0.6(0.3, 0.7)	5.3(1.3, 9.9)	13.0(3.0, 33.0)	179.2(132.1215.2)	8.2(7.6, 11.6)	174.5(121.6, 239.5)	0.8(-1.4, 2.5)
超重肥胖	708	88(77, 97)	114(104, 123)	70(63, 75)	44.2(36.8, 51.6)	0.5(0.2, 0.6)	5.1(1.4, 10.6)	15.0(2.0, 29.0)	154.5(120.5, 190.3)	9.1(8.2, 11.6)	145.6(126.5, 255.5)	-1.3(-3.1, 0.7)
Z值		9.6	55.2	118.6	332.5	122.8	0.6	15.6	49.5	47.5	12.6	113.5
P值		< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.76	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
注：1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa。

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表 3 京津冀地区不同营养状况女生身体素质和生理功能水平比较[M(P₂₅, P₇₅)]

Table 3. Comparison of physical fitness and physiological function levels of girls with different nutritional statuses in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region[M(P₂₅, P₇₅)]

组别	人数	心率/(次·min^-1)	收缩压/mm Hg	舒张压/mm Hg	肺活量体重指数/(mL·kg^-1)	握力体重指数	坐位体前屈/cm	1 min仰卧起坐/次	立定跳远/cm	50 m跑/s	800 m跑/s	体能指数
消瘦	178	97(85, 105)	103(94, 109)	65(67, 70)	54.1(47.8, 60.2)	0.6(0.2, 0.6)	11.1(5.7, 14.6)	30.0(18.0, 38.0)	132.0(112.0, 152.0)	10.1(9.3, 12.2)	132.5(120.6, 209.5)	0.2(-1.6, 1.7)
正常	1 643	89(79, 95)	106(97, 113)	66(59, 71)	48.2(42.1, 54.6)	0.5(0.2, 0.6)	11.9(7.1, 16.5)	35.0(24.0, 43.0)	144.0(121.0, 161.0)	9.5(8.8, 11.6)	157.6(124.5, 231.5)	0.5(-1.4, 2.1)
超重肥胖	385	91(79, 97)	108(100, 115)	70(61, 75)	39.6(32.6, 44.5)	0.4(0.2, 0.5)	11.7(8.2, 16.1)	31.0(22.0, 39.0)	133.0(114.0, 155.0)	10.2(9.1, 12.6)	160.4(133.5, 241.5)	-1.3(-2.9, 0.9)
Z值		33.9	24.5	46.5	262.5	102.6	5.1	32.5	27.5	33.6	27.6	51.6
P值		＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	0.07	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01
注：1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa。

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