留言板

尊敬的读者、作者、审稿人, 关于本刊的投稿、审稿、编辑和出版的任何问题, 您可以本页添加留言。我们将尽快给您答复。谢谢您的支持!

姓名
邮箱
手机号码
标题
留言内容
验证码

不同海拔地区学龄前儿童粗大动作发展与体力活动关联性

孔海军 李新龙 朱元宝 蔡水莲

孔海军, 李新龙, 朱元宝, 蔡水莲. 不同海拔地区学龄前儿童粗大动作发展与体力活动关联性[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2022, 43(6): 884-889. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.06.021
引用本文: 孔海军, 李新龙, 朱元宝, 蔡水莲. 不同海拔地区学龄前儿童粗大动作发展与体力活动关联性[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2022, 43(6): 884-889. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.06.021
KONG Haijun, LI Xinlong, ZHU Yuanbao, CAI Shuilian. Correlation analysis of gross motor development and physical activity in pre-school children at different altitudes[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH, 2022, 43(6): 884-889. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.06.021
Citation: KONG Haijun, LI Xinlong, ZHU Yuanbao, CAI Shuilian. Correlation analysis of gross motor development and physical activity in pre-school children at different altitudes[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH, 2022, 43(6): 884-889. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.06.021

不同海拔地区学龄前儿童粗大动作发展与体力活动关联性

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.06.021
基金项目: 

新疆维吾尔自治区高校科技计划项目 XJEDU2021SY040

喀什地区科技计划项目 KS2020024

详细信息
    作者简介:

    孔海军(1992-),男,山东济宁人,硕士,讲师,主要研究方向为运动与健康促进

    通讯作者:

    蔡水莲,E-mail:15275475183@163.com

  • 利益冲突声明  所有作者声明无利益冲突。
  • 中图分类号: G804.49 R179 G613.7

Correlation analysis of gross motor development and physical activity in pre-school children at different altitudes

  • 摘要:   目的  探讨不同海拔地区学龄前儿童粗大动作发展与体力活动水平的关联性,为儿童粗大动作能力发展研究提供依据。  方法  于2019年10—11月,采用方便抽样,以塔什库尔干县188名世居3 240 m高原(Hi组)、喀什地区175名世居1 290 m亚高原(SubHi组)及吐鲁番高昌区191名世居450 m平原(Pla组)3~6岁学龄前儿童为研究对象,进行粗大动作发展评估及体力活动测试。  结果  随年龄上升,各测试组学龄前儿童中等强度体力活动(MPA)、高强度体力活动(VPA)、中高强度体力活动(MVPA)、粗大动作得分均呈上升趋势;SubHi组男童5岁阶段均高于Hi组,Pla组5岁阶段上述指标均高于Hi组(P值均 < 0.05);SubHi组、Pla组女童4岁阶段MPA水平高于Hi组,SubHi组5岁阶段MVPA高于Hi组;SubHi组、Pla组在男童5岁阶段均高于Hi组,4岁阶段Pla组高于SubHi组(P值均 < 0.05),女童各海拔组间粗大动作相关指标差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。Hi组及SubHi组低强度体力活动(LPA)与操作动作得分呈正相关(r值分别为0.60,0.44),Pla组LPA与位移动作得分呈正相关(r=0.69);MPA与Hi组位移动作得分(r=0.53)、SubHi组位移动作得分及粗大动作总分(r值分别为0.45,0.59)、Pla组粗大动作各项得分(r值分别为0.69,0.52,0.73)均呈正相关(P值均 < 0.05);除平原组位移得分及粗大动作总分外,VPA与各组粗大动作各项得分均呈正相关(P值均 < 0.05)。  结论  不同海拔地区3~6岁儿童粗大动作发展与体力活动存在一定关联,中高强度体力活动可以作为提高3~6岁儿童粗大动作发展的有效手段。
    1)  利益冲突声明  所有作者声明无利益冲突。
  • 表  1  不同年龄各海拔组男童体力活动水平比较(x±s,min/d)

    Table  1.   Physical activity levels of boys in different age and altitude groups(x±s, min/d)

     年龄/岁 组别 人数 统计值 LPA MPA VPA MVPA
    3 Hi 22 231.34±35.45 41.24±12.35 14.85±3.83 55.94±13.48
    SubHi 20 222.84±32.57 47.32±15.38* 18.25±2.56* 65.93±18.82*
    Pla 25 226.51±39.04 45.27±16.58 16.34±3.95 62.34±20.13*
    F 1.23 2.21 1.98 2.63
    P 0.30 0.09 0.11 0.07
    4 Hi 22 241.44±41.02 41.28±10.37 15.58±2.39 57.15±12.29
    SubHi 24 229.35±38.94 49.03±13.40* 20.42±3.85* 69.96±16.45*
    Pla 23 236.74±37.75 47.71±13.46* 20.39±3.56* 68.28±19.72*
    F 1.19 3.28 2.04 5.50
    P 0.14 0.06 0.11 < 0.01
    5 Hi 24 239.01±36.16 44.48±13.95 17.71±4.82 62.62±14.39
    SubHi 21 229.05±32.50 53.94±14.06* 22.08±4.93* 75.92±17.71*
    Pla 26 229.35±35.03 50.24±14.82* 22.04±2.83* 72.56±18.49*
    F 1.16 4.24 7.30 11.03
    P 0.26 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01
    6 Hi 25 240.36±29.42 49.21±13.12 20.05±5.00 69.27±18.35
    SubHi 23 232.13±34.56 57.25±16.48* 26.31±3.85* 83.37±19.28*
    Pla 19 227.38±29.18 55.37±13.48* 25.22±3.67* 80.39±15.35*
    F 0.58 3.25 1.94 4.47
    P 0.59 0.06 0.11 < 0.01
      注:与Hi组比较,*P < 0.05。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  不同年龄各海拔组女童体力活动水平比较(x±s,min/d)

    Table  2.   Physical activity levels of girls in different age and altitude groups(x±s, min/d)

     年龄/岁 组别 人数 统计值 LPA MPA VPA MVPA
    3 Hi 26 224.36±40.65 38.84±12.49 13.11±3.05 52.74±11.38
    SubHi 26 224.26±31.05 42.58±13.95* 15.24±3.95 57.76±12.48
    Pla 22 219.25±35.26 44.10±14.57* 13.25±2.29 57.22±16.40
    F 1.35 2.06 0.72 0.95
    P 0.12 0.10 0.41 0.35
    4 Hi 20 225.51±33.67 40.59±9.97 14.45±2.86 54.47±14.26
    SubHi 23 227.74±32.71 47.25±14.06* 15.58±4.09 63.04±16.73
    Pla 24 233.17±35.94 45.06±12.58* 15.34±2.86 61.04±15.93
    F 0.97 7.44 0.42 1.28
    P 0.37 < 0.01 0.71 0.11
    5 Hi 27 219.78±37.71 44.28±10.32 16.11±2.29 60.55±14.20
    SubHi 18 239.46±33.95 48.82±13.31 18.04±3.05 67.39±15.28*
    Pla 25 245.29±33.03* 47.23±13.09 16.58±3.14 64.38±14.47
    F 3.87 1.29 1.52 7.73
    P 0.03 0.14 0.06 < 0.01
    6 Hi 22 225.50±28.65 49.41±11.18 17.47±3.75 66.81±15.76
    SubHi 20 241.42±29.02 53.19±9.96 18.24±5.37 72.15±16.26
    Pla 27 244.25±29.97* 51.03±12.15 18.35±4.82 70.06±16.38
    F 3.55 1.43 0.74 0.51
    P 0.04 0.09 0.40 0.75
      注:与Hi组比较,*P < 0.05。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  不同年龄各海拔组男女童粗大动作发展测试得分比较(x±s)

    Table  3.   Development level of gross movements of boys in different age and altitude groups(x±s)

    年龄/岁 组别 统计值 男童 女童
    人数 位移动作 操作动作 粗大动作 人数 位移动作 操作动作 粗大动作
    3 Hi 22 11.67±4.47 9.83±2.75 21.05±5.53 26 11.15±4.43 10.32±4.27 21.53±5.57
    SubHi 20 12.93±6.02 10.74±3.02 23.98±6.63 26 12.92±4.31 10.97±4.05 23.74±6.06
    Pla 25 12.46±4.27 10.03±2.68 23.15±6.47 22 12.27±5.01 9.82±3.41 22.46±7.02
    F 1.73 1.23 0.96 1.51 0.95 0.63
    P 0.06 0.13 0.34 0.17 0.35 0.50
    4 Hi 22 23.01±6.63 13.02±2.95 36.48±7.05 20 25.56±6.58 16.13±5.02 42.16±7.04
    SubHi 24 26.13±7.01 15.04±4.27 31.55±8.26* 23 27.73±7.26 18.03±4.54 45.44±8.82
    Pla 23 24.51±7.24 14.21±3.55 41.08±9.12*# 24 26.12±6.89 17.08±3.86 43.85±6.68
    F 0.68 1.74 2.85 1.66 1.24 1.33
    P 0.48 0.15 0.04 0.05 0.19 0.18
    5 Hi 24 23.76±6.94 26.18±7.03 44.26±9.57 27 26.69±7.49 25.16±9.14 52.47±9.84
    SubHi 21 29.53±7.91* 27.45±7.38 57.18±11.05* 18 29.98±8.72 27.01±8.75 57.18±10.26
    Pla 26 29.63±8.89* 26.53±6.02 56.37±10.26* 25 28.46±9.25 25.72±7.56 54.28±11.08
    F 7.31 1.56 11.29 0.56 0.83 1.01
    P < 0.01 0.16 < 0.01 0.58 0.41 0.30
    6 Hi 25 34.33±6.10 31.04±7.82 66.32±8.34 22 35.31±8.25 29.98±8.63 65.78±10.26
    SubHi 23 36.13±5.57 35.08±6.93* 71.47±10.37 20 37.26±9.07 31.81±7.73 68.74±9.37
    Pla 19 35.58±6.37 33.16±7.38 68.92±9.73 27 36.19±7.74 31.63±6.85 67.73±12.15
    F 0.78 3.52 0.71 0.32 0.57 1.15
    P 0.45 0.02 0.47 0.79 0.53 0.19
      注:与Hi组比较,*P < 0.05;与SubHi组比较,# P < 0.05。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  不同海拔组学龄前儿童粗大动作发展与体力活动的相关系数(r值)

    Table  4.   Correlation between gross motor development and physical activityof preschool children in the plateau group (r)

    组别 变量 LPA MPA VPA MVPA
    Hi MPA 0.05
    (n=188) VPA 0.07 0.59*
    MVPA 0.13 0.63* 0.72*
    位移动作得分 -0.09 0.53* 0.59* 0.66*
    操作动作得分 0.60* 0.30 0.63* 0.58*
    粗大动作总分 -0.12 0.04 0.46* 0.70*
    SubHi MPA 0.57*
    (n=175) VPA -0.20 0.49*
    MVPA 0.10 0.53* -0.02
    位移动作得分 0.10 0.45* 0.59* 0.58*
    操作动作得分 0.44* -0.02 0.64* 0.55*
    粗大动作总分 0.17 0.59* 0.59* 0.63*
    Pla MPA 0.58*
    (n=191) VPA -0.15 0.57*
    MVPA 0.21 0.50* 0.10
    位移动作得分 0.69* 0.69* 0.33 0.68*
    操作动作得分 0.09 0.52* 0.50* 0.58*
    粗大动作总分 -0.03 0.73* 0.30 0.61*
      注: *P < 0.05。
    下载: 导出CSV
  • [1] 文德林, 时凯旋, 邓军文, 等. 攀岩运动干预对8~9岁儿童粗大运动技能发展的影响[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2019, 40(3): 399-402, 405. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2019.03.023

    WEN D L, SHI K X, DENG J W, et al. Effects of climbing exercise intervention on gross motor development in children aged 8 to 9 years[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2019, 40(3): 399-402, 405. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2019.03.023
    [2] WILLIAMS H G, PFEIFFER K A, O'NEILL J R, et al. Motor skill performance and physical activity in preschool children[J]. Obesity, 2012, 16(6): 1421-1426.
    [3] MCDONOUGH D J, LIU W, GAO Z. Effects of physical activity on children's motor skill development: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials[J]. Biomed Res Int, 2020, 2020(3): 1-14.
    [4] GALLAHUE D L, OZMUN J C. Understanding motor development[M]. New York: McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2002.
    [5] BANIA T A, TAYLOR N F, BAKER R J, et al. Gross motor function is an important predictor of daily physical activity in young people with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy[J]. Dev Med Child Neurol, 2014, 56(7): 34-50.
    [6] PIEK J P, DAWSON L, SMITH L M, et al. The role of early fine and gross motor development on later motor and cognitive ability[J]. Hum Mov, 2008, 27(5): 668-681. doi: 10.1016/j.humov.2007.11.002
    [7] JONES R A, OKELY A D, HINKLEY T, et al. Promoting gross motor skills and physical activity in childcare: a translational randomized controlled trial[J]. J Sci Med Sport, 2016, 19(9): 744-749. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2015.10.006
    [8] VELDMAN, SANNE L, et al. Associations between gross motor skills and physical activity in Australian toddlers[J]. J Sci Med Sport, 2018, 21(8): 817-821. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2017.12.007
    [9] SIMONSON T S, YANG Y, HUFF C D, et al. Genetic evidence for high-altitude adaptation in Tibet[J]. Science, 2010, 329(5987): 72-75. doi: 10.1126/science.1189406
    [10] 孔海军, 周霞, 袁秋宝, 等. 不同海拔下小学生有氧运动与肺功能心率恢复能力的关联[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2020, 41(1): 90-95. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2020.01.024

    KONG H J, ZHOU X, YUAN Q B, et al. Correlation between aerobic exercise ability, pulmonary function and heart rate recovery ability among students aged 7-12 years under different altitudes[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2020, 41(1): 90-95. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2020.01.024
    [11] 钟铧, 王展飞, 白芃, 等. 现代西藏世居藏族正常青年人颅型的MRI测量[J]. 解剖学报, 2020, 51(5): 796-801. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JPXB202005032.htm

    ZHONG H, WANG Z F, BAI P, et al. Skull characteristics in Tibetan youths based on magnetic resonance imaging[J]. Acta Anat Sin, 2020, 51(5): 796-801. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JPXB202005032.htm
    [12] ULRICH D A. Introduction to the special section: evaluation of the psychometric properties of the TGMD-3[J]. J Motor Lea Dev, 2017, 5(1): 1-4. doi: 10.1123/jmld.2017-0020
    [13] 王超, 贺刚, 李建忠, 等. 残疾青少年体力活动水平及其与运动自我效能的关系: 基于加速度计的初步研究[J]. 首都体育学院学报, 2016, 28(4): 380-384. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-BTSF201604020.htm

    WANG C, HE G, LI J Z, et al. Physical activity levels and exercise self-efficacy in adolescents with disability: a preliminary study using accelerometry[J]. J Capl Univ Phys Educ Sports, 2016, 28(4): 380-384. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-BTSF201604020.htm
    [14] ZHU Z, CHEN P J, ZHUANG J. Intensity classification accuracy of accelerometer measured physical activities in Chinese children and youth[J]. Res Quar Exer Sport, 2013, 84(2): 4-11.
    [15] SANDO O J, KLEPPE R, SANDSETER E. Risky play and children's well-being involvement and plysical ativity[J]. Child Indicat Res, 2021(7): 28-36.
    [16] CHANDLER J L, BRAZENDALE K, DRENOWATZ C, et al. Structure of physical activity opportunities contribution to children's physical activity levels in after-school programs[J]. J Phys Act Health, 2019, 16(7): 1-6.
    [17] EDWARDS J U. Physical activity for children: new recommendations[J]. Lab Animal, 2004, 29(9): 15-17.
    [18] LEIS R, JURADOCASTRO J M, LLORENTECANTARERO F J, et al. Cluster analysis of physical activity patterns, and relationship with sedentary behavior and healthy lifestyles in prepubertal children: genobox cohort[J]. Nutrients, 2020, 12(5): 1-14.
    [19] BECKUNG E, CARLSSON G, CARLSDOTTER S, et al. The natural history of gross motor development in children with cerebral palsy aged 1 to 15 years[J]. Dev Med Child Neurol, 2010, 49(10): 751-756.
    [20] ROEBER B J, TOBER C L, BOLT D M, et al. Gross motor development in children adopted from orphanage settings[J]. Dev Med Child Neurol, 2012, 54(6): 527-531. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2012.04257.x
    [21] CHEN D, YU J, WANG J, et al. Screening of sensitive items on gross motor development in toddlers aged 24-36 months and analysis of the factors influencing the passing rate[J]. Children, 2020, 7(11): 226. doi: 10.3390/children7110226
    [22] 吴升扣, 姜桂萍, 龚睿, 等. 3~6岁幼儿本体感觉能力和粗大动作发展水平的特征及相关性研究[J]. 体育学刊, 2016, 23(1): 131-135. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-7116.2016.01.026

    WU S K, JIANG G P, GONG R, et al. A study of the characteristics of and correlation between proprioception ability and gross motor development level of children aged 3 to 6[J]. J Phys Educ, 2016, 23(1): 131-135. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-7116.2016.01.026
    [23] HARDY L L, KING L, FARRELL L, et al. Fundamental movement skills among Australian preschool children[J]. J Sci Med Sport, 2010, 13(5): 503-508. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2009.05.010
    [24] 傅桂蓉, 崔建华, 李雪蓉, 等. 不同海拔高原习服青年血液氧化应激指标分析[J]. 西北国防医学杂志, 2017, 38(1): 4-7. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XBGY201701002.htm

    FU G R, CUI J H, LI X R, et al. Analysis of oxidative stress in altitude acclimatized young men living in different plateau[J]. Med J Nat Def Force Northwest Chin, 2017, 38(1): 4-7. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XBGY201701002.htm
    [25] BUTTON B L G, CLARK A F, MARTIN G, et al. Measuring temporal differences in rural Canadian children's moderate-to-vigorous physical activity[J]. Int J Env Res Pub Health, 2020, 17(23): 8734. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17238734
  • 加载中
表(4)
计量
  • 文章访问数:  426
  • HTML全文浏览量:  233
  • PDF下载量:  31
  • 被引次数: 0
出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2022-03-14
  • 修回日期:  2022-05-13
  • 网络出版日期:  2022-06-23
  • 刊出日期:  2022-06-25

目录

    /

    返回文章
    返回