不同海拔地区学龄前儿童粗大动作发展与体力活动关联性

孔海军; 李新龙; 朱元宝; 蔡水莲

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.06.021

不同海拔地区学龄前儿童粗大动作发展与体力活动关联性

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.06.021

1.
喀什大学体育学院，新疆 844000
2.
塔什库尔干县班迪尔乡卫生院

基金项目:

新疆维吾尔自治区高校科技计划项目 XJEDU2021SY040

喀什地区科技计划项目 KS2020024

详细信息

作者简介:
孔海军(1992-)，男，山东济宁人，硕士，讲师，主要研究方向为运动与健康促进

通讯作者:
蔡水莲，E-mail：15275475183@163.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: G804.49 R179 G613.7
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-03-14
- 修回日期: 2022-05-13
- 网络出版日期: 2022-06-23
- 刊出日期: 2022-06-25

Correlation analysis of gross motor development and physical activity in pre-school children at different altitudes

1.
School of Physical Education, Kashgar University, Kashgar (844000), Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨不同海拔地区学龄前儿童粗大动作发展与体力活动水平的关联性，为儿童粗大动作能力发展研究提供依据。方法于2019年10—11月，采用方便抽样，以塔什库尔干县188名世居3 240 m高原(Hi组)、喀什地区175名世居1 290 m亚高原(SubHi组)及吐鲁番高昌区191名世居450 m平原(Pla组)3~6岁学龄前儿童为研究对象，进行粗大动作发展评估及体力活动测试。结果随年龄上升，各测试组学龄前儿童中等强度体力活动(MPA)、高强度体力活动(VPA)、中高强度体力活动(MVPA)、粗大动作得分均呈上升趋势；SubHi组男童5岁阶段均高于Hi组，Pla组5岁阶段上述指标均高于Hi组(P值均 < 0.05)；SubHi组、Pla组女童4岁阶段MPA水平高于Hi组，SubHi组5岁阶段MVPA高于Hi组；SubHi组、Pla组在男童5岁阶段均高于Hi组，4岁阶段Pla组高于SubHi组(P值均 < 0.05)，女童各海拔组间粗大动作相关指标差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。Hi组及SubHi组低强度体力活动(LPA)与操作动作得分呈正相关(r值分别为0.60，0.44)，Pla组LPA与位移动作得分呈正相关(r=0.69)；MPA与Hi组位移动作得分(r=0.53)、SubHi组位移动作得分及粗大动作总分(r值分别为0.45，0.59)、Pla组粗大动作各项得分(r值分别为0.69，0.52，0.73)均呈正相关(P值均 < 0.05)；除平原组位移得分及粗大动作总分外，VPA与各组粗大动作各项得分均呈正相关(P值均 < 0.05)。结论不同海拔地区3~6岁儿童粗大动作发展与体力活动存在一定关联，中高强度体力活动可以作为提高3~6岁儿童粗大动作发展的有效手段。
- 生长和发育 /
- 运动活动 /
- 方差分析 /
- 儿童，学龄前 /
- 高海拔
Abstract: Objective To explore the correlation between gross motor development and physical activity level of preschool children at different altitudes, so as to provide exercise basis for the development of gross motor ability. Methods A total of 188 preschool children living in the 3 240 m high plateau (Hi group) in Tashkurgan County, 175 children living in the 1 290 m low plateau (SubHi group) in Kashgar District and 191 children living in the 450 m high plateau (Pla group) in Gaochang District of Turpan were selected as subjects. The children were assessed for gross motor development and tested for physical activity. Results With the increase of age, the scores of MPA, VPA, MVPA and gross movement of preschoolers in each test group showed an upward trend. The above indexes in SubHi group were significantly higher than those in Hi group at 5 years old, and those in Pla group at 5 years old were significantly higher than those in Hi group (P < 0.05). The level of MPA in SubHi group and Pla group was significantly higher than that in Hi group at 4 years old, and the MVPA in SubHi group at 5 years old was significantly higher than that in Hi group (P < 0.05). SubHi group and Pla group were significantly higher than Hi group at 5 years of age, and Pla group was significantly higher than SubHi group at 4 years of age (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the related indexes of gross motor among girls at different altitude groups (P>0.05). The LPA of the Hi group and the SubHi group was positively correlated with the operational movement score (r=0.60, 0.44), and the LPA of the Pla group was positively correlated with the displacement movement score (r=0.69).There was a positive correlation between MPA and displacement score of Hi group (r=0.53), displacement score and gross movement total score of SubHi group (r=0.45, 0.59), and gross movement scores of Pla group (r=0.69, 0.52, 0.73). Except the displacement score and gross movement total score of the Pla group, VPA was positively correlated with the gross movement scores of each group (P < 0.05). Conclusion There is a certain correlation between gross motor development and physical activity level in children aged 3-6 years.MVPA can be used as an effective means to improve the development of rough movements of 3-6-year-old children.
- Growth and development /
- Motor activity /
- Analysis of variance /
- Child, preschool /
- Altitude
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

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表 1 不同年龄各海拔组男童体力活动水平比较(x±s，min/d)

Table 1. Physical activity levels of boys in different age and altitude groups(x±s, min/d)

年龄/岁	组别	人数	统计值	LPA	MPA	VPA	MVPA
3	Hi	22		231.34±35.45	41.24±12.35	14.85±3.83	55.94±13.48
	SubHi	20		222.84±32.57	47.32±15.38^*	18.25±2.56^*	65.93±18.82^*
	Pla	25		226.51±39.04	45.27±16.58	16.34±3.95	62.34±20.13^*
			F值	1.23	2.21	1.98	2.63
			P值	0.30	0.09	0.11	0.07
4	Hi	22		241.44±41.02	41.28±10.37	15.58±2.39	57.15±12.29
	SubHi	24		229.35±38.94	49.03±13.40^*	20.42±3.85^*	69.96±16.45^*
	Pla	23		236.74±37.75	47.71±13.46^*	20.39±3.56^*	68.28±19.72^*
			F值	1.19	3.28	2.04	5.50
			P值	0.14	0.06	0.11	< 0.01
5	Hi	24		239.01±36.16	44.48±13.95	17.71±4.82	62.62±14.39
	SubHi	21		229.05±32.50	53.94±14.06^*	22.08±4.93^*	75.92±17.71^*
	Pla	26		229.35±35.03	50.24±14.82^*	22.04±2.83^*	72.56±18.49^*
			F值	1.16	4.24	7.30	11.03
			P值	0.26	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
6	Hi	25		240.36±29.42	49.21±13.12	20.05±5.00	69.27±18.35
	SubHi	23		232.13±34.56	57.25±16.48^*	26.31±3.85^*	83.37±19.28^*
	Pla	19		227.38±29.18	55.37±13.48^*	25.22±3.67^*	80.39±15.35^*
			F值	0.58	3.25	1.94	4.47
			P值	0.59	0.06	0.11	< 0.01
注：与Hi组比较，*P < 0.05。

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表 2 不同年龄各海拔组女童体力活动水平比较(x±s，min/d)

Table 2. Physical activity levels of girls in different age and altitude groups(x±s, min/d)

年龄/岁	组别	人数	统计值	LPA	MPA	VPA	MVPA
3	Hi	26		224.36±40.65	38.84±12.49	13.11±3.05	52.74±11.38
	SubHi	26		224.26±31.05	42.58±13.95^*	15.24±3.95	57.76±12.48
	Pla	22		219.25±35.26	44.10±14.57^*	13.25±2.29	57.22±16.40
			F值	1.35	2.06	0.72	0.95
			P值	0.12	0.10	0.41	0.35
4	Hi	20		225.51±33.67	40.59±9.97	14.45±2.86	54.47±14.26
	SubHi	23		227.74±32.71	47.25±14.06^*	15.58±4.09	63.04±16.73
	Pla	24		233.17±35.94	45.06±12.58^*	15.34±2.86	61.04±15.93
			F值	0.97	7.44	0.42	1.28
			P值	0.37	< 0.01	0.71	0.11
5	Hi	27		219.78±37.71	44.28±10.32	16.11±2.29	60.55±14.20
	SubHi	18		239.46±33.95	48.82±13.31	18.04±3.05	67.39±15.28^*
	Pla	25		245.29±33.03^*	47.23±13.09	16.58±3.14	64.38±14.47
			F值	3.87	1.29	1.52	7.73
			P值	0.03	0.14	0.06	< 0.01
6	Hi	22		225.50±28.65	49.41±11.18	17.47±3.75	66.81±15.76
	SubHi	20		241.42±29.02	53.19±9.96	18.24±5.37	72.15±16.26
	Pla	27		244.25±29.97^*	51.03±12.15	18.35±4.82	70.06±16.38
			F值	3.55	1.43	0.74	0.51
			P值	0.04	0.09	0.40	0.75
注：与Hi组比较，*P < 0.05。

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表 3 不同年龄各海拔组男女童粗大动作发展测试得分比较(x±s)

Table 3. Development level of gross movements of boys in different age and altitude groups(x±s)

年龄/岁	组别	统计值	男童				女童
年龄/岁	组别	统计值	人数	位移动作	操作动作	粗大动作	人数	位移动作	操作动作	粗大动作
3	Hi		22	11.67±4.47	9.83±2.75	21.05±5.53	26	11.15±4.43	10.32±4.27	21.53±5.57
	SubHi		20	12.93±6.02	10.74±3.02	23.98±6.63	26	12.92±4.31	10.97±4.05	23.74±6.06
	Pla		25	12.46±4.27	10.03±2.68	23.15±6.47	22	12.27±5.01	9.82±3.41	22.46±7.02
		F值		1.73	1.23	0.96		1.51	0.95	0.63
		P值		0.06	0.13	0.34		0.17	0.35	0.50
4	Hi		22	23.01±6.63	13.02±2.95	36.48±7.05	20	25.56±6.58	16.13±5.02	42.16±7.04
	SubHi		24	26.13±7.01	15.04±4.27	31.55±8.26^*	23	27.73±7.26	18.03±4.54	45.44±8.82
	Pla		23	24.51±7.24	14.21±3.55	41.08±9.12^*#	24	26.12±6.89	17.08±3.86	43.85±6.68
		F值		0.68	1.74	2.85		1.66	1.24	1.33
		P值		0.48	0.15	0.04		0.05	0.19	0.18
5	Hi		24	23.76±6.94	26.18±7.03	44.26±9.57	27	26.69±7.49	25.16±9.14	52.47±9.84
	SubHi		21	29.53±7.91^*	27.45±7.38	57.18±11.05^*	18	29.98±8.72	27.01±8.75	57.18±10.26
	Pla		26	29.63±8.89^*	26.53±6.02	56.37±10.26^*	25	28.46±9.25	25.72±7.56	54.28±11.08
		F值		7.31	1.56	11.29		0.56	0.83	1.01
		P值		< 0.01	0.16	< 0.01		0.58	0.41	0.30
6	Hi		25	34.33±6.10	31.04±7.82	66.32±8.34	22	35.31±8.25	29.98±8.63	65.78±10.26
	SubHi		23	36.13±5.57	35.08±6.93^*	71.47±10.37	20	37.26±9.07	31.81±7.73	68.74±9.37
	Pla		19	35.58±6.37	33.16±7.38	68.92±9.73	27	36.19±7.74	31.63±6.85	67.73±12.15
		F值		0.78	3.52	0.71		0.32	0.57	1.15
		P值		0.45	0.02	0.47		0.79	0.53	0.19
注：与Hi组比较，*P < 0.05；与SubHi组比较，# P < 0.05。

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表 4 不同海拔组学龄前儿童粗大动作发展与体力活动的相关系数(r值)

Table 4. Correlation between gross motor development and physical activityof preschool children in the plateau group (r)

组别	变量	LPA	MPA	VPA	MVPA
Hi	MPA	0.05
(n=188)	VPA	0.07	0.59^*
	MVPA	0.13	0.63^*	0.72^*
	位移动作得分	-0.09	0.53^*	0.59^*	0.66^*
	操作动作得分	0.60^*	0.30	0.63^*	0.58^*
	粗大动作总分	-0.12	0.04	0.46^*	0.70^*
SubHi	MPA	0.57^*
(n=175)	VPA	-0.20	0.49^*
	MVPA	0.10	0.53^*	-0.02
	位移动作得分	0.10	0.45^*	0.59^*	0.58^*
	操作动作得分	0.44^*	-0.02	0.64^*	0.55^*
	粗大动作总分	0.17	0.59^*	0.59^*	0.63^*
Pla	MPA	0.58^*
(n=191)	VPA	-0.15	0.57^*
	MVPA	0.21	0.50^*	0.10
	位移动作得分	0.69^*	0.69^*	0.33	0.68^*
	操作动作得分	0.09	0.52^*	0.50^*	0.58^*
	粗大动作总分	-0.03	0.73^*	0.30	0.61^*
注： *P < 0.05。

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