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上海市青少年饮食行为现状以及抑郁焦虑情绪的影响

顾文馨 谭银亮 陆唯怡 杜兰朵朵 朱静芬

顾文馨, 谭银亮, 陆唯怡, 杜兰朵朵, 朱静芬. 上海市青少年饮食行为现状以及抑郁焦虑情绪的影响[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2022, 43(6): 864-868. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.06.016
引用本文: 顾文馨, 谭银亮, 陆唯怡, 杜兰朵朵, 朱静芬. 上海市青少年饮食行为现状以及抑郁焦虑情绪的影响[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2022, 43(6): 864-868. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.06.016
GU Wenxin, TAN Yinliang, LU Weiyi, DU Landuoduo, ZHU Jingfen. Prevalence and influence of depression and anxiety on dietary behaviors among adolescents in Shanghai[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH, 2022, 43(6): 864-868. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.06.016
Citation: GU Wenxin, TAN Yinliang, LU Weiyi, DU Landuoduo, ZHU Jingfen. Prevalence and influence of depression and anxiety on dietary behaviors among adolescents in Shanghai[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH, 2022, 43(6): 864-868. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.06.016

上海市青少年饮食行为现状以及抑郁焦虑情绪的影响

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.06.016
基金项目: 

上海市公共卫生三年行动计划 GWV-10.1-XK15

详细信息
    作者简介:

    顾文馨(2000-),女,江苏高邮人,在读本科生

    通讯作者:

    朱静芬,E-mail:zhujingfenjt@163.com

  • 利益冲突声明  所有作者声明无利益冲突。
  • 中图分类号: R153.2 G478 R179

Prevalence and influence of depression and anxiety on dietary behaviors among adolescents in Shanghai

  • 摘要:   目的  了解上海市青少年饮食行为现状,并探讨情绪对饮食行为的影响,为培养青少年良好的饮食行为提供参考。  方法  采用分层随机整群抽样方法,于2021年5月对上海市3个区10所初中和6所高中的7 456名学生进行问卷调查,调查内容包括一般情况、饮食行为、患者健康问卷(2条目)和广泛性焦虑量表。  结果  上海市青少年过去7 d每天食用含糖饮料、甜食、油炸食品及西式快餐(≥4次/周)的报告率分别为13.26%,16.90%,6.99%,13.01%,每天吃水果、蔬菜、牛奶、早餐的报告率分别为56.96%,73.00%,65.03%,76.11%,不同性别和学段学生间差异均有统计学意义(P值均 < 0.05)。有抑郁或焦虑情绪青少年不良饮食行为的发生率高于无抑郁或焦虑者(P值均 < 0.01)。校正性别、学校、住宿、成绩、零花钱、社会阶层后,抑郁和焦虑情绪增加青少年各种不良饮食行为的发生风险(P值均 < 0.05)。与无焦虑者相比,轻度和中重度焦虑者每天喝≥1次含糖饮料的风险为1.42(95%CI=1.20~1.67)和2.51倍(95%CI=2.09~3.01),不是每天吃水果的风险为1.30(95%CI=1.16~1.45)和1.28倍(95%CI=1.11~1.47),不是每天吃蔬菜的风险为1.35(95%CI=1.20~1.52)和1.41倍(95%CI=1.21~1.65),不是每天喝牛奶的风险为1.29(95%CI=1.15~1.44)和1.20倍(95%CI=1.04~1.39),不是每天吃早餐的风险为1.75(95%CI=1.54~1.99)和2.97倍(95%CI=2.55~3.46)。  结论  上海市青少年不良饮食行为比例较高,应早期开展饮食行为宣教和干预,并关注青少年负性情绪的发生,以减少不良饮食行为的发生风险。
    1)  利益冲突声明  所有作者声明无利益冲突。
  • 表  1  不同性别和学段青少年饮食行为报告率比较

    Table  1.   Distribution of dietary behaviors among adolescents of different genders and schools

    组别 选项 人数 统计值 不健康饮食 健康饮食
    含糖饮料
    ≥1次/d
    甜食
    ≥1次/d
    油炸食品
    ≥1次/d
    西式快餐
    ≥4次/周
    水果
    ≥1次/d
    蔬菜
    ≥1次/d
    牛奶
    ≥1次/d
    早餐
    7次/周
    性别 3 846 596(15.50) 604(15.70) 320(8.32) 564(14.66) 2 120(55.12) 2 712(70.51) 2 600(67.60) 2 980(77.48)
    3 610 393(10.89) 656(18.17) 201(5.57) 406(11.25) 2 127(58.92) 2 731(75.65) 2 249(62.30) 2 695(74.65)
    χ2 34.40 8.07 21.71 19.22 10.95 24.92 23.03 8.20
    P < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01
    学段 初中 4 498 529(11.76) 733(16.30) 303(6.74) 478(10.63) 2 830(62.92) 3 405(75.70) 3 194(71.01) 3 550(78.92)
    高中 2 958 460(15.55) 527(17.82) 218(7.37) 492(16.63) 1 417(47.90) 2 038(68.90) 1 655(55.95) 2 125(71.84)
    χ2 22.28 2.94 1.10 56.88 164.06 41.90 177.97 49.27
    P < 0.01 0.09 0.29 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01
      注: ()内数字为报告率/%。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  不同抑郁与焦虑情绪青少年的饮食行为比较

    Table  2.   Comparison of dietary behaviors among adolescents with different levels of depression and anxiety

    组别 选项 人数 统计值 不健康饮食 健康饮食
    含糖饮料
    ≥1次/d
    甜食
    ≥1次/d
    油炸食品
    ≥1次/d
    西式快餐
    ≥4次/周
    水果
    ≥1次/d
    蔬菜
    ≥1次/d
    牛奶
    ≥1次/d
    早餐
    7次/周
    抑郁情绪 5 970 666(11.16) 873(14.62) 349(5.85) 683(11.44) 3 445(57.71) 4 427(74.15) 3 945(66.08) 4 800(80.40)
    1 486 323(21.74) 387(26.04) 172(11.57) 287(19.31) 802(53.97) 1 016(68.37) 904(60.83) 875(58.88)
    χ2 115.77 110.50 60.08 65.17 6.77 20.19 14.40 303.05
    P < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01
    焦虑情绪 4 437 458(10.32) 616(13.88) 246(5.54) 444(10.01) 2 689(60.60) 3 376(76.09) 3 045(68.63) 3 657(82.42)
    轻度 2 014 297(14.75) 373(18.52) 151(7.50) 315(15.64) 1 028(51.04) 1 383(68.67) 1 189(59.04) 1 425(70.75)
    中重度 1 005 234(23.28) 271(26.97) 124(12.34) 211(21.00) 530(52.74) 684(68.06) 615(61.19) 593(59.00)
    χ2 124.92 105.02 59.30 104.30 60.11 53.07 63.57 290.69
    P < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01
      注: ()内数字为报告率/%。
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2021-11-15
  • 修回日期:  2022-01-29
  • 网络出版日期:  2022-06-23
  • 刊出日期:  2022-06-25

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