高校180例心理咨询个案性格优势及其对心理健康的影响

王红; 付明岩; 吕寒冰; 张莹

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.06.009

高校180例心理咨询个案性格优势及其对心理健康的影响

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.06.009

首都经济贸易大学学生工作部，北京 100070

详细信息

作者简介:
王红(1980-)，女，安徽淮北人，硕士，讲师，主要研究方向为大学生心理健康

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中图分类号: R179 B844.2 G444
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-12-13
- 修回日期: 2022-02-15
- 网络出版日期: 2022-06-23
- 刊出日期: 2022-06-25

Character strengths of 180 counseling cases and its association with mental health

Department of Student Affairs Capital University of Economics and Business, Beijing (100070), China

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨咨询个案的性格优势特征及其与心理健康的关系，为积极心理治疗提供理论依据。方法于2020年3月至2021年10月，采用性格优势问卷简版和症状自评量表(SCL-90)对某高校前来咨询的180名个案进行调查。结果咨询个案排在前5位的性格优势依次是欣赏、诚实、感恩、幽默和热爱学习[(8.39±1.64)(7.82±1.74)(7.73±1.57)(7.29±1.81)(7.17±1.88)分]；排在后5位的是善良、勇敢、毅力、热情和领导力[(5.59±1.75)(5.81±1.30)(5.86±1.72)(5.98±1.59)(6.06±1.60)分]。多元线性回归分析发现，爱、社会智力、洞察力等对心理健康不同维度有预测作用，各回归方程的回归系数为-0.123~0.162，决定系数为0.049~0.191，P值均 < 0.01。爱对各项因子均具有反向预测作用(β=-0.314~-0.159，P值均 < 0.05)，可解释各因子变异量的3.3%~12.5%。社会智力对强迫、人际敏感和焦虑具有反向预测作用(β=-0.200~-0.150，P值均 < 0.05)，可解释3个因子变异量的1.6%~3.2%。洞察力对躯体化、敌对和偏执具有正向预测作用(β=0.168~0.279，P值均 < 0.05)，可解释3个因子变异量的2.3%~3.8%。结论性格优势的缺乏和过度均会给个体带来心理问题。在以性格优势为基础的积极心理治疗的背景下，在了解来访者性格优势的基础上，帮助其发展出一种恰当而均衡的性格优势会更有效。
- 性格 /
- 精神卫生 /
- 咨询 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To explore character strengths of college students who sought counseling, and its relationship with mental health. Methods A total of 180 college students who sought counseling were investigated by using the short version of Character Strengths Questionnaire and the Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) during March 2020 to October 2021. Results The top five character strengths of college students who sought counseling were appreciation, authenticity, gratitude, humor, love of learning (8.39±1.64, 7.82±1.74, 7.73±1.57, 7.29±1.81, 7.17±1.88); The bottom five character strengths were kindness, bravery, persistence, zest, leadership (5.59±1.75, 5.81±1.30, 5.86±1.72, 5.98±1.59, 6.06±1.60). Linear regression analysis found love, social intelligence and insight showed associations with different dimensions of mental health, with correlation coefficient of each regression equation between -0.12 and 0.16, and the coefficient of determination between 0.05 and 0.19 (P < 0.01). Love had a negativeassociation with all factors of SCL- 90 (β=-0.314--0.159, P < 0.05), which could explain 3.3%-12.5% of the variation of each factor. Social intelligence had a negative association with obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity and anxiety (β=-0.200--0.150, P < 0.05), which can explain 1.6%-3.2% of the variation. Insight had a positive association with somatization, hostility and paranoia (β=0.168-0.279, P < 0.05), which can explain 2.3%-3.8% of the variation. Conclusion The lack and excess of character strengths is associated with mental health problems. Therefore, it would be more effective to help counseling cases build an appropriate and balanced character in the context of a strengths-based approach.
- Character /
- Mental health /
- Counseling /
- Regression analysis /
- Students
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表 1 咨询个案性格优势与心理健康问题各维度的相关分析(n=180，r值)

Table 1. Correlation analysis between character strengths and various dimensions of mental health problems in counseling cases(n=180, r)

性格优势	躯体化	强迫症状	人际敏感	抑郁	焦虑	敌对	恐怖	偏执	精神病性	总均分
爱	-0.20^**	-0.27^**	-0.35^**	-0.36^**	-0.20^**	-0.29^**	-0.24^**	-0.20^**	-0.29^**	-0.32^**
希望	-0.14	-0.21^**	-0.25^**	-0.29^**	-0.19^*	-0.22^**	-0.23^**	-0.16^*	-0.21^**	-0.25^**
社会智力	-0.10	-0.26^**	-0.26^**	-0.17^**	-0.19^**	-0.08	-0.18^*	-0.07	-0.14	-0.20^**
毅力	-0.10	-0.15^*	-0.17^*	-0.12	-0.09	-0.17^*	-0.09	-0.09	-0.11	-0.14
好奇心	-0.26^**	-0.16	-0.09	-0.14	-0.11	-0.11	-0.09	-0.08	-0.11	-0.16^*
洞察力	0.16^*	0.03	-0.03	-0.00	0.02	0.11	0.03	0.10	0.02	0.05
团队合作	-0.01	-0.03	-0.00	-0.12	-0.01	-0.17^*	-0.05	-0.15^*	-0.08	-0.08
幽默	-0.05	-0.15^*	-0.16^*	-0.13	-0.07	-0.05	-0.09	-0.01	-0.12	-0.12
领导力	0.16^*	-0.05	-0.09	0.01	0.01	0.03	0.00	0.01	-0.01	0.02
勇敢	-0.07	-0.13	-0.14	-0.18^*	-0.14	0.02	-0.14	0.01	-0.11	-0.12
感恩	-0.01	-0.10	-0.13	-0.20^**	-0.08	-0.12	-0.08	-0.10	-0.15^*	-0.13
思维开阔	0.09	0.13	-0.12	0.04	0.04	-0.20^**	-0.00	-0.07	-0.03	0.01
自我节制	-0.10	-0.07	-0.14	-0.09	-0.02	-0.19^**	-0.04	-0.09	-0.05	-0.08
热爱学习	-0.14	-0.13	-0.04	-0.11	-0.09	0.03	-0.17^*	-0.07	-0.12	-0.11
信仰	-0.09	-0.14	-0.11	-0.14	-0.08	-0.00	-0.17^*	-0.03	-0.12	-0.12
诚实	0.03	-0.09	-0.07	-0.08	-0.06	-0.12	-0.02	-0.15^*	-0.13	-0.09
注：P < 0.05，*P<0.01。

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表 2 咨询个案性格优势与心理健康问题各维度的线性回归分析(n=180)

Table 2. Linear regression analysis of character strengths and various dimensions of mental health problems in counseling cases(n=180)

因变量	预测变量	B值(B值95%CI)	标准误	β值	t值	R²值
躯体化	好奇心	-0.092(-0.142~-0.043)	0.025	-0.261	-3.669	0.063
	洞察力	0.092(0.035~0.149)	0.029	0.229	3.202	0.096
	爱	-0.053(-0.092~-0.015)	0.020	-0.196	-2.728	0.128
强迫症状	爱	-0.080(-0.131~-0.029)	0.026	-0.225	-3.086	0.070
	社会智力	-0.089(-0.152~-0.025)	0.032	-0.200	-2.741	0.102
人际敏感	爱	-0.116(-0.171~-0.062)	0.027	-0.302	-4.234	0.115
	社会智力	-0.089(-0.156~-0.021)	0.034	-0.185	-2.594	0.143
抑郁	爱	-0.117(-0.174~-0.060)	0.029	-0.295	-4.018	0.125
	希望	-0.091(-0.160~-0.022)	0.035	-0.191	-2.602	0.153
焦虑	爱	-0.059(-0.114~-0.004)	0.028	-0.159	-2.119	0.033
	社会智力	-0.069(-0.138~-0.001)	0.035	-0.150	-2.002	0.049
敌对	爱	-0.123(-0.177~-0.070)	0.027	-0.314	-4.565	0.081
	思维开阔	-0.095(-0.173~-0.018)	0.039	-0.164	-2.418	0.113
	洞察力	0.162(0.076~0.246)	0.043	0.279	3.720	0.136
	自我节制	-0.088(-0.151~-0.025)	0.032	-0.194	-2.773	0.165
	诚实	-0.084(-0.148~-0.019)	0.033	-0.184	-2.564	0.191
恐惧	爱	-0.074(-0.118~-0.031)	0.022	-0.241	-3.358	0.051
	热爱学习	-0.057(-0.103~-0.010)	0.024	-0.173	-2.402	0.075
偏执	爱	-0.079(-0.132~-0.032)	0.025	-0.228	-3.157	0.034
	诚实	-0.092(-0.151~-0.030)	0.030	-0.229	-3.031	0.050
	洞察力	0.127(0.037~0.195)	0.040	0.247	3.186	0.088
精神病性	爱	-0.095(-0.141~-0.048)	0.024	-0.289	-4.023	0.078
总均分	爱	-0.084(-0.128~0.040)	0.022	-0.281	-3.776	0.098
	希望	-0.075(-0.129~-0.020)	0.028	-0.208	-2.687	0.115
	洞察力	0.074(0.010~0.139)	0.033	0.168	2.277	0.135
注：P值均 < 0.05。

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