高校180例心理咨询个案性格优势及其对心理健康的影响

王红; 付明岩; 吕寒冰; 张莹

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.06.009

高校180例心理咨询个案性格优势及其对心理健康的影响

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.06.009

首都经济贸易大学学生工作部，北京 100070

详细信息

作者简介:
王红(1980-)，女，安徽淮北人，硕士，讲师，主要研究方向为大学生心理健康

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 B844.2 G444
计量
- 文章访问数: 510
- HTML全文浏览量: 230
- PDF下载量: 42
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-12-13
- 修回日期: 2022-02-15
- 网络出版日期: 2022-06-23
- 刊出日期: 2022-06-25

Character strengths of 180 counseling cases and its association with mental health

Department of Student Affairs Capital University of Economics and Business, Beijing (100070), China

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨咨询个案的性格优势特征及其与心理健康的关系，为积极心理治疗提供理论依据。方法于2020年3月至2021年10月，采用性格优势问卷简版和症状自评量表(SCL-90)对某高校前来咨询的180名个案进行调查。结果咨询个案排在前5位的性格优势依次是欣赏、诚实、感恩、幽默和热爱学习[(8.39±1.64)(7.82±1.74)(7.73±1.57)(7.29±1.81)(7.17±1.88)分]；排在后5位的是善良、勇敢、毅力、热情和领导力[(5.59±1.75)(5.81±1.30)(5.86±1.72)(5.98±1.59)(6.06±1.60)分]。多元线性回归分析发现，爱、社会智力、洞察力等对心理健康不同维度有预测作用，各回归方程的回归系数为-0.123~0.162，决定系数为0.049~0.191，P值均 < 0.01。爱对各项因子均具有反向预测作用(β=-0.314~-0.159，P值均 < 0.05)，可解释各因子变异量的3.3%~12.5%。社会智力对强迫、人际敏感和焦虑具有反向预测作用(β=-0.200~-0.150，P值均 < 0.05)，可解释3个因子变异量的1.6%~3.2%。洞察力对躯体化、敌对和偏执具有正向预测作用(β=0.168~0.279，P值均 < 0.05)，可解释3个因子变异量的2.3%~3.8%。结论性格优势的缺乏和过度均会给个体带来心理问题。在以性格优势为基础的积极心理治疗的背景下，在了解来访者性格优势的基础上，帮助其发展出一种恰当而均衡的性格优势会更有效。
- 性格 /
- 精神卫生 /
- 咨询 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To explore character strengths of college students who sought counseling, and its relationship with mental health. Methods A total of 180 college students who sought counseling were investigated by using the short version of Character Strengths Questionnaire and the Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) during March 2020 to October 2021. Results The top five character strengths of college students who sought counseling were appreciation, authenticity, gratitude, humor, love of learning (8.39±1.64, 7.82±1.74, 7.73±1.57, 7.29±1.81, 7.17±1.88); The bottom five character strengths were kindness, bravery, persistence, zest, leadership (5.59±1.75, 5.81±1.30, 5.86±1.72, 5.98±1.59, 6.06±1.60). Linear regression analysis found love, social intelligence and insight showed associations with different dimensions of mental health, with correlation coefficient of each regression equation between -0.12 and 0.16, and the coefficient of determination between 0.05 and 0.19 (P < 0.01). Love had a negativeassociation with all factors of SCL- 90 (β=-0.314--0.159, P < 0.05), which could explain 3.3%-12.5% of the variation of each factor. Social intelligence had a negative association with obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity and anxiety (β=-0.200--0.150, P < 0.05), which can explain 1.6%-3.2% of the variation. Insight had a positive association with somatization, hostility and paranoia (β=0.168-0.279, P < 0.05), which can explain 2.3%-3.8% of the variation. Conclusion The lack and excess of character strengths is associated with mental health problems. Therefore, it would be more effective to help counseling cases build an appropriate and balanced character in the context of a strengths-based approach.
- Character /
- Mental health /
- Counseling /
- Regression analysis /
- Students
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

HTML全文

表 1 咨询个案性格优势与心理健康问题各维度的相关分析(n=180，r值)

Table 1. Correlation analysis between character strengths and various dimensions of mental health problems in counseling cases(n=180, r)

性格优势	躯体化	强迫症状	人际敏感	抑郁	焦虑	敌对	恐怖	偏执	精神病性	总均分
爱	-0.20^**	-0.27^**	-0.35^**	-0.36^**	-0.20^**	-0.29^**	-0.24^**	-0.20^**	-0.29^**	-0.32^**
希望	-0.14	-0.21^**	-0.25^**	-0.29^**	-0.19^*	-0.22^**	-0.23^**	-0.16^*	-0.21^**	-0.25^**
社会智力	-0.10	-0.26^**	-0.26^**	-0.17^**	-0.19^**	-0.08	-0.18^*	-0.07	-0.14	-0.20^**
毅力	-0.10	-0.15^*	-0.17^*	-0.12	-0.09	-0.17^*	-0.09	-0.09	-0.11	-0.14
好奇心	-0.26^**	-0.16	-0.09	-0.14	-0.11	-0.11	-0.09	-0.08	-0.11	-0.16^*
洞察力	0.16^*	0.03	-0.03	-0.00	0.02	0.11	0.03	0.10	0.02	0.05
团队合作	-0.01	-0.03	-0.00	-0.12	-0.01	-0.17^*	-0.05	-0.15^*	-0.08	-0.08
幽默	-0.05	-0.15^*	-0.16^*	-0.13	-0.07	-0.05	-0.09	-0.01	-0.12	-0.12
领导力	0.16^*	-0.05	-0.09	0.01	0.01	0.03	0.00	0.01	-0.01	0.02
勇敢	-0.07	-0.13	-0.14	-0.18^*	-0.14	0.02	-0.14	0.01	-0.11	-0.12
感恩	-0.01	-0.10	-0.13	-0.20^**	-0.08	-0.12	-0.08	-0.10	-0.15^*	-0.13
思维开阔	0.09	0.13	-0.12	0.04	0.04	-0.20^**	-0.00	-0.07	-0.03	0.01
自我节制	-0.10	-0.07	-0.14	-0.09	-0.02	-0.19^**	-0.04	-0.09	-0.05	-0.08
热爱学习	-0.14	-0.13	-0.04	-0.11	-0.09	0.03	-0.17^*	-0.07	-0.12	-0.11
信仰	-0.09	-0.14	-0.11	-0.14	-0.08	-0.00	-0.17^*	-0.03	-0.12	-0.12
诚实	0.03	-0.09	-0.07	-0.08	-0.06	-0.12	-0.02	-0.15^*	-0.13	-0.09
注：P < 0.05，*P<0.01。

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 咨询个案性格优势与心理健康问题各维度的线性回归分析(n=180)

Table 2. Linear regression analysis of character strengths and various dimensions of mental health problems in counseling cases(n=180)

因变量	预测变量	B值(B值95%CI)	标准误	β值	t值	R²值
躯体化	好奇心	-0.092(-0.142~-0.043)	0.025	-0.261	-3.669	0.063
	洞察力	0.092(0.035~0.149)	0.029	0.229	3.202	0.096
	爱	-0.053(-0.092~-0.015)	0.020	-0.196	-2.728	0.128
强迫症状	爱	-0.080(-0.131~-0.029)	0.026	-0.225	-3.086	0.070
	社会智力	-0.089(-0.152~-0.025)	0.032	-0.200	-2.741	0.102
人际敏感	爱	-0.116(-0.171~-0.062)	0.027	-0.302	-4.234	0.115
	社会智力	-0.089(-0.156~-0.021)	0.034	-0.185	-2.594	0.143
抑郁	爱	-0.117(-0.174~-0.060)	0.029	-0.295	-4.018	0.125
	希望	-0.091(-0.160~-0.022)	0.035	-0.191	-2.602	0.153
焦虑	爱	-0.059(-0.114~-0.004)	0.028	-0.159	-2.119	0.033
	社会智力	-0.069(-0.138~-0.001)	0.035	-0.150	-2.002	0.049
敌对	爱	-0.123(-0.177~-0.070)	0.027	-0.314	-4.565	0.081
	思维开阔	-0.095(-0.173~-0.018)	0.039	-0.164	-2.418	0.113
	洞察力	0.162(0.076~0.246)	0.043	0.279	3.720	0.136
	自我节制	-0.088(-0.151~-0.025)	0.032	-0.194	-2.773	0.165
	诚实	-0.084(-0.148~-0.019)	0.033	-0.184	-2.564	0.191
恐惧	爱	-0.074(-0.118~-0.031)	0.022	-0.241	-3.358	0.051
	热爱学习	-0.057(-0.103~-0.010)	0.024	-0.173	-2.402	0.075
偏执	爱	-0.079(-0.132~-0.032)	0.025	-0.228	-3.157	0.034
	诚实	-0.092(-0.151~-0.030)	0.030	-0.229	-3.031	0.050
	洞察力	0.127(0.037~0.195)	0.040	0.247	3.186	0.088
精神病性	爱	-0.095(-0.141~-0.048)	0.024	-0.289	-4.023	0.078
总均分	爱	-0.084(-0.128~0.040)	0.022	-0.281	-3.776	0.098
	希望	-0.075(-0.129~-0.020)	0.028	-0.208	-2.687	0.115
	洞察力	0.074(0.010~0.139)	0.033	0.168	2.277	0.135
注：P值均 < 0.05。

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(25)

[1]	MARTINEZ-MARTI, MARIA L, RUCH, et al. Character strengths predict resilience over and above positive affect, self-efficacy, optimism, social support, self-esteem, and life satisfaction[J]. J Positive Psychol, 2017, 12(2): 110-119. doi: 10.1080/17439760.2016.1163403
[2]	RUVALCABA-ROMERO N A, GALLEGOS-GUAJARDO J, ALFARO-BERACOECHEA L N, et al. Character strengths, sociodemographic characteristics, and life satisfaction in mexican students[J]. Acción Psicológ, 2018, 15(2): 95-106.
[3]	SUSANA C, MARQUES J L, PAIS-RIBEIRO SHANE J L. The role of positive psychology constructs in predicting mental health and academic achievement in children and adolescents: a two-year longitudinal study[J]. J Happ Stud, 2011, 12(6): 1049-1062. doi: 10.1007/s10902-010-9244-4
[4]	GRANT, ADAM M, SCHWARTZ, et al. Too much of a good thing: the challenge and opportunity of the inverted U[J]. Perspect Psychol Sci, 2011, 6(1): 61-76. doi: 10.1177/1745691610393523
[5]	李姝. 大学生性格优势状况调查及与心理健康的关系研究[D]. 武汉: 华中师范大学, 2015. LI S. The research of college students' character strengths and the relationship between character strengths and mental health[D]. Wuhan: Huazhong Normal University, 2015.
[6]	吴九君, 温小平, 何莉. 大学生性格优势对心理健康的多元回归分析[J]. 中国健康心理学杂志, 2015, 23(12): 1885-1888. WU J J, WEN X P, HE L. Mental health for college students: a regression analysis with positive mental character[J]. Chin J Health Psychol, 2015, 23(12): 1885-1888.
[7]	苏静. 青海少数民族大学生积极心理品质与心理健康发展的纵向研究[D]. 西宁: 青海师范大学, 2021. SU J. A longitudinal study on the positive psychological quality and mental health development of Qinghai Minority college students[D]. Xining: Qinghai Normal University, 2021.
[8]	艾春燕, 杨钰立, 王玲莉, 等. 大学生性格优势与心理健康: 积极应对的中介作用[J]. 中国健康心理学杂志, 2021, 29(6): 936-940. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JKXL202106030.htm AI C Y, YANG Y L, WANG L L, et al. Character strengths and mental health of college students: the intermediary role of positive coping style[J]. Chin J Health Psychol, 2021, 29(6): 936-940. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JKXL202106030.htm
[9]	马丁·赛利格曼. 真实的幸福[M]. 洪兰, 译. 杭州: 浙江教育出版社, 2020: 165-189. MARTIN E P S. Authentic happiness[M]. HONG L, translated. Hangzhou: Zhejiang Education Publishing House, 2020: 165-189.
[10]	盖笑松. 积极心理学[M]. 上海: 上海教育出版社, 2020: 39-52. GAI X S. Positive psychology[M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Educational Publishing House, 2020: 39-52.
[11]	克里斯托弗·彼得森. 打开积极心理学之门[M]. 候玉波, 王非, 译. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 2021: 140-158. CHRISTOPHER P. A primer in positive psychology[M]. HOU Y B, WANG F, et al, translated. Beijing: China Machine Press, 2021: 140-158.
[12]	汪向东, 王希林, 马弘. 心理卫生评定量表手册: 增订版[M]. 北京: 中国心理卫生杂志社, 1999: 31-35. WANG X D, WANG X L, MA H. Handbook of mental health assessment scale: enlarged edition[M]. Beijing: Chinese Mental Health Journal, 1999: 31-35.
[13]	刘媛媛, 武圣君, 李永奇, 等. 基于SCL-90的中国人群心理症状现状调查[J]. 中国心理卫生杂志, 2018, 32(5): 437-441. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6729.2018.05.016 LIU Y Y, WU S J, LI Y Q, et al. A survey of mental symptoms of Chinese population based on SCL-90[J]. Chin Ment Health J, 2018, 32(5): 437-441. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6729.2018.05.016
[14]	施玲燕, 黄水平, 卓朗, 等. 大学生应用SCL-90量表的参考值及信效度评价[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2013, 34(2): 223-224. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XIWS201302037.htm SHI L Y, HUANG S P, ZHUO L, et al. Reliability validity and reference value of Symptom Checklist90 for college students[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2013, 34(2): 223-224. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XIWS201302037.htm
[15]	周俊. 问卷数据分析-破解SPSS软件的六类分析思路[M]. 北京: 电子工业出版社, 2020: 45-52. ZHOU J. Questionnaire data analysis: six kinds of analysis ideas to crack SPSS software[M]. Beijing: Publishing House of Electronics Industry, 2020: 45-52
[16]	MALLIKA V, NEELAM P. Relationship of character strengths to influence psychological well-being during adolescence[J]. Indian J Public Health Res Devel, 2020, 11(1): 760-765. doi: 10.37506/v11/i1/2020/ijphrd/193919
[17]	LI T T, DUAN W J, GUO P F. Character strengths, social anxiety, and physiological stress reactivity[J]. Peer J, 2017, 5(5): 3396-3409.
[18]	KIM H R, KIM S M, HONG J S, et al. Character strengths as protective factors against depression and suicidality among male and female employees[J]. BMC Public Health, 2018, 18: 1084-1095. doi: 10.1186/s12889-018-5997-1
[19]	周雅, 刘翔平. 大学生的性格优势及与主观幸福感的关系[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2011, 27(5): 536-542. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XLFZ201105014.htm ZHOU Y, LIU X P. Character strengths of college students: the relationship between character strengths and subjective well-being[J]. Psychol Devel Educ, 2011, 27(5): 536-542. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XLFZ201105014.htm
[20]	卡尔. 积极心理学——有关幸福和人类优势的科学[M]. 丁丹, 等, 译. 北京: 中国轻工业出版社, 2013: 64-73. CARR A. The science of happiness and human strengths[M]. DING D, translated. Beijing: China Light Industry Press, 2013: 64-73.
[21]	俞国良. 大学生心理健康[M]. 北京: 北京师范大学出版社, 2018: 34-37. YU G L. Mental health of college students[M]. Beijing: Beijing Normal University Press, 2018: 34-37.
[22]	MARÍA J B, MARTA F, MARGARITA O T, et al. Life satisfaction and character strengths in spanish early adolescents[J]. J Happy Stud, 2018, 19(5): 1247-1260. doi: 10.1007/s10902-017-9865-y
[23]	HAJIME S. What character strengths are protective factors for suicidal ideation: a cross-sectional study in Japan[J]. Psychol Health Med, 2021, 26(6): 745-754. doi: 10.1080/13548506.2020.1758334
[24]	诺斯拉·佩塞施基安. 积极心理治疗: 正向的理论与实践[M]. 李培忠, 译. 北京: 知识产权出版社, 2013: 80-113. NOSSRAT P. Positive psychotherapy: positive theory and practice[M]. LI P Z, translated. Beijing: Intellectual Property Publishing House, 2013: 80-113.
[25]	塔亚布·拉希德, 马丁·赛利格曼. 积极心理学治疗手册[M]. 邓之君, 译, 北京: 中信出版集团, 2020: 342-392. TAYYAB R, MARTIN S. Positive psychotherapy: clinician manual[M]. DENG Z J, translated. Beijing: Citic Press Group, 2020: 342-392.