汉语阅读障碍儿童抑郁症状及其影响因素分析

邹丽; 刘卓娅; 肖沛; 宋然然

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.05.035

汉语阅读障碍儿童抑郁症状及其影响因素分析

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.05.035

邹丽¹,
刘卓娅¹,
肖沛²,
宋然然^2, ,

1.
广东省深圳市宝安区妇幼保健院儿童保健科，518101
2.
华中科技大学同济医学院公共卫生学院儿少卫生与妇幼保健学系

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 81803253

详细信息

作者简介:
邹丽(1985-)，女，广西北海人，博士，主管医师，主要研究方向为儿童阅读障碍

通讯作者:
宋然然，E-mail：songranran@hust.edu.cn

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
王苗苗
中图分类号: R748 B844.1 R179
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-11-25
- 修回日期: 2021-12-21
- 网络出版日期: 2022-05-20
- 刊出日期: 2022-05-25

Prevalence and factors influencing depressive symptoms among children with dyslexia in China

1.
Children Health Branch, Shenzhen Baoan Women's and Children's Hospital, Shenzhen (518101), Guangdong Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨汉语阅读障碍儿童的抑郁状况及其影响因素, 为预防和干预提供理论依据。方法采用便利抽样方法选取深圳市宝安区8所小学三至五年级儿童6 298名, 采用自行设计的一般情况调查表、《儿童汉语阅读障碍量表》《儿童学习障碍筛查量表》和《儿童抑郁量表(简版)》进行问卷调查。结果共检出阅读障碍儿童174名, 检出率为2.76%。阅读障碍儿童抑郁症状检出率(37.36%)高于非阅读障碍儿童(18.17%), 差异有统计学意义(χ²=40.94, P < 0.01)。与非阅读障碍儿童相比, 阅读障碍儿童出现抑郁症状的风险升高(OR=2.65, 95% CI=1.87~3.75, P < 0.01)。母亲每天与儿童相处时间的长短也是儿童抑郁的影响因素之一, 母亲每天相处时间≥3 h儿童出现抑郁症状的风险较相处时间 < 1 h儿童降低(3~4 h: OR=0.54, 95% CI=0.36~0.81;5~6 h: OR=0.51, 95% CI=0.34~0.78;≥7 h: OR=0.47, 95% CI=0.32~0.69, P值均 < 0.01)。结论阅读障碍儿童抑郁症状检出率较高, 增加母亲每日的陪伴时间有助于预防儿童抑郁的发生。
- 阅读障碍 /
- 抑郁 /
- 情感症状 /
- 回归分析 /
- 儿童
Abstract: Objective To investigate the prevalence and factors influencing depressive symptoms among children with dyslexia in China. Methods A total of 6 298 children in grades 3-5 were recruited from eight primary schools in Baoan, Shenzhen.The Questionnaire for Children's Reading Ability, the Dyslexia Checklist for Chinese Children, the Pupil Rating Scale Revised Screening for Learning Disabilities, and the Children's Depression Inventory-short version were used. Results The prevalence of dyslexia was 2.76%(n=174).The rate of depressive symptoms in children with dyslexia (37.36%) was higher than children without dyslexia (18.17%)(χ²=40.94, P < 0.01).Compared with children without dyslexia, children with dyslexia had an increased risk of depressive symptoms (OR=2.65, 95% CI=1.87-3.75, P < 0.01).In addition, the average time that a mother spent with her child every day was one of the factors influencing depressive symptoms.The risk of depressive symptoms was lower in children who spent ≥3 h with their mothers than children who spent < 1 h (3-4 h: OR=0.54, 95% CI=0.36-0.81;5-6 h: OR=0.51, 95% CI=0.34-0.78;≥7 h: OR=0.47, 95% CI=0.32-0.69, P < 0.01). Conclusion The rate of depressive symptoms in children with dyslexia was shown to be high.Increasing the time that mothers spend with their children every day is helpful in preventing the occurrence of depression in children.
- Dyslexia /
- Depression /
- Affective symptoms /
- Regression analysis /
- Child
注释:

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表 1 不同组别儿童抑郁症状检出率比较

Table 1. Comparison of detection rates of depressive symptoms in children with different demographic indicators

组别	选项	人数	抑郁症状人数	χ²值	P值	组别	选项	人数	抑郁症状人数	χ²值	P值
年级	三	2 366	427(18.05)	3.97	0.14	家庭月收入/元	＜5 000	1 028	203(19.75)	10.61	0.10
	四	1 957	353(18.04)				5 000~ < 10 000	2 184	422(19.32)
	五	1 975	398(20.15)				10 000~ < 15 000	1 103	203(18.40)
性别	男	3 488	672(19.27)	1.62	0.20		15 000~ < 20 000	587	103(17.55)
	女	2 810	506(18.01)				20 000~ < 30 000	394	62(15.74)
阅读障碍	否	6 124	1 113(18.17)	40.94	＜0.01		30 000~ < 40 000	224	36(16.07)
	是	174	65(37.36)				≥40 000	275	36(13.09)
父亲文化程度	初中及以下	2 255	430(19.07)	4.66	0.32	家庭结构	核心家庭	3 689	688(18.65)	3.41	0.49
	高中或中专	2 051	380(18.53)				主干家庭	1 660	292(17.59)
	大专	859	145(16.88)				联合家庭	243	46(18.93)
	大学本科	484	76(15.70)				单亲家庭	151	35(23.18)
	研究生	53	8(15.09)				其他	119	24(20.17)
母亲文化程度	初中及以下	2 600	482(18.54)	7.69	0.10	家庭生育小孩的个数	1	953	182(19.10)	0.34	0.84
	高中或中专	1 867	358(19.18)				2	3 475	634(18.24)
	大专	817	126(15.42)				≥3	1 506	274(18.19)
	大学本科	327	50(15.29)			儿童出生次序	1	3 436	620(18.04)	1.51	0.47
	研究生	21	3(14.29)				2	1 912	370(19.35)
父亲职业	机关、事业单位工作人员	958	163(17.01)	4.78	0.44		≥3	547	98(17.92)
	商业工作人员	1 892	333(17.60)			与父亲每天相处的	＜1	780	183(23.46)	16.93	< 0.01
	服务业工作人员	952	187(19.64)			时间/h	1~2	1 474	246(16.69)
	生成、运输等农林牧渔劳动者	1 285	252(19.61)				3~4	1 625	295(18.15)
	无业	123	20(16.26)				5~6	802	142(17.71)
	其他	670	127(18.96)				≥7	1 137	201(17.68)
母亲职业	机关、事业单位工作人员	775	151(19.48)	10.30	0.07	与母亲每天相处的	＜1	168	55(32.74)	29.99	＜0.01
	商业工作人员	1 389	242(17.42)			时间/h	1~2	492	104(21.14)
	服务业工作人员	1110	230(20.72)				3~4	1 218	232(19.05)
	生成、运输等农林牧渔劳动者	1 039	199(19.15)				5~6	1 188	214(18.01)
	无业	920	147(15.98)				≥7	2 778	470(16.92)
	其他	641	109(17.00)
注：()内数字为检出率/%，部分项目存在缺失值。

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表 2 儿童抑郁症状相关因素的多因素Logistic回归分析(n=6 298)

Table 2. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis of the factors related to depressive symptoms in children(n=6 298)

自变量	选项	β值	标准误	Wald χ²值	OR值(OR值95%CI)	P值
阅读障碍	否				1.00
	是	0.97	0.18	29.96	2.65(1.87~3.75)	＜0.01
与母亲每天相处的时间/h	< 1				1.00
	1~2	-0.43	0.23	3.59	0.65(0.42~1.02)	0.06
	3~4	-0.62	0.21	8.74	0.54(0.36~0.81)	＜0.01
	5~6	-0.67	0.21	10.04	0.51(0.34~0.78)	＜0.01
	≥7	-0.76	0.20	14.23	0.47(0.32~0.69)	＜0.01

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