武汉市大学新生自杀意念和日常压力及积极心理健康的关联

周慧敏; 余金聪; 梁玲; ZhangXiaoChi; JuergenMargraf; 蒙衡

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.05.032

武汉市大学新生自杀意念和日常压力及积极心理健康的关联

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.05.032

1.
华中科技大学公共卫生学院儿少卫生与妇幼保健学系，湖北武汉 430030
2.
中南财经政法大学学生工作部大学生心理健康教育咨询中心

基金项目:

湖北省研究生教改项目 2020078

详细信息

作者简介:
周慧敏(1997-)，女，江苏盐城人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为大学生乐观与健康心理

通讯作者:
蒙衡，E-mail：menghengmay@hust.edu.cn

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
王苗苗
中图分类号: B844.2 G444 G647.8
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-11-25
- 修回日期: 2022-01-20
- 网络出版日期: 2022-05-20
- 刊出日期: 2022-05-25

Relationship between suicidal ideation, daily stress and positive mental health among college freshmem in Wuhan

1.
Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan (430030), China
3.
Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy

摘要

摘要: 目的了解武汉市大学新生的自杀意念现状及影响因素, 探讨日常压力、积极心理健康对其自杀意念的影响, 从积极心理的视角为提高大学新生心理健康水平、减少大学新生的自杀率提出对策。方法于2020年12月采用方便抽样方法, 抽取武汉市3所大学共2 592名大学新生进行问卷调查。调查内容包括一般人口学信息、自杀意念、积极心理健康、日常压力源等。采用t检验、Logistic回归分析等方法探究大学新生的自杀意念现状及其影响因素。结果大学新生过去1年自杀意念报告率为27.5%。与无自杀意念大学新生相比, 有自杀意念的大学新生日常压力总分及不同领域日常压力得分均较高(t=-13.00~-4.68), 积极心理健康得分较低(t=17.14), 差异均有统计学意义(P值均 < 0.01)。Logistic回归分析显示, 女生(OR=1.72, 95% CI=1.44~2.05)、母亲受教育程度为高中以上(OR=1.27, 95% CI=1.05~1.53)、日常压力总分(OR=1.11, 95% CI=1.09~1.13)与自杀意念的发生呈正相关(P值均 < 0.01)。积极心理健康(OR=0.88, 95% CI=0.87~0.90)与自杀意念的发生呈负相关(P < 0.01), 积极心理健康对日常压力与自杀意念的关系具有一定调节作用。结论大学新生自杀意念的形成与日常压力、积极心理健康有密切关系, 需要关注大学新生日常压力事件, 提高其积极心理健康水平, 降低大学新生自杀意念的发生。
- 自杀 /
- 压力 /
- 精神卫生 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of suicidal ideation and the effects of daily stress and positive mental health on suicidal ideation among college freshmen in Wuhan.This study aims to provide a scientific basis for mental health improvement and suicide prevention among college students from the perspective of positive psychology. Methods In December 2020, a convenient sampling method was used to select 2 592 freshmen from three universities in Wuhan.Demographic information, suicidal ideation, positive mental health, and daily stress were assessed.T-test and Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the status and influencing factors of suicidal ideation among college freshmen. Results The one-year prevalence of suicidal ideation was 27.5%.Freshmen with suicidal ideation had higher daily stress scores and daily stress scores in different domains than freshmen without suicidal ideation (t=-13.00--4.68), the positive mental health scores of freshmen with suicidal ideation were lower than freshmen without suicidal ideation (t=17.14, P < 0.01).Female (OR=1.72, 95% CI=1.44-2.05), the higher education level of the mother (OR=1.27, 95% CI=1.05-1.53) and total experience of daily stress (OR=1.11, 95% CI=1.09-1.13) were associated with risk of one-year suicidal ideation.Positive mental health was negatively associated with suicidal ideation (OR=0.88, 95% CI=0.87-0.90, P < 0.01) and had a moderating effect on the association between daily stress and suicidal ideation. Conclusion Suicidal ideation among college freshmen is closely related to daily stress and positive mental health.It is necessary to pay close attention to daily stress of freshmen and reduce suicidal ideation by improving positive mental health.
- Suicide /
- Pressure /
- Mental health /
- Regression analysis /
- Students
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1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

2) 王苗苗

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表 1 不同人口统计学特征大学新生自杀意念报告率比较

Table 1. Comparison of suicidal ideation in freshmen with different characteristics

人口统计学指标	选项	人数	有自杀意念	χ²值	P值
性别	男	1 317	293(22.2)	37.67	< 0.01
	女	1 275	421(33.0)
年龄/岁	≤18	916	269(29.4)	2.36	0.12
	>18	1 632	433(26.5)
家庭经济状况	低	589	155(21.7)	5.09	0.08
	中	1 931	531(74.4)
	高	72	28(3.9)
父亲学历	高中及以下	1 581	436(27.6)	0.00	0.97
	高中以上	1 011	278(27.5)
母亲学历	高中及以下	1 798	468(26.0)	6.77	< 0.05
	高中以上	794	246(31.0)
父亲职业	专业技术人员	405	95(23.5)	7.95	0.24
	国家机关人员	663	180(27.1)
	商业服务性人员	570	152(26.7)
	农林牧渔劳动者	160	44(27.5)
	工人	532	159(29.9)
	退休	63	19(30.2)
	其他	199	65(32.7)
母亲职业	专业技术人员	357	107(30.0)	4.63	0.59
	国家机关人员	496	140(28.2)
	商业服务性人员	907	228(25.1)
	农林牧渔劳动者	197	56(28.4)
	工人	348	102(29.3)
	退休	77	23(29.9)
	其他	210	58(27.6)
注： ()内数字为报告率/%；年龄分组中存在缺失值。

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表 2 有无自杀意念大学新生日常压力及积极心理健康得分比较(x±s)

Table 2. Comparison of daily stress and positive mental health scores of freshmen with or without suicidal ideation(x±s)

有无自杀意念	人数	积极心理健康	日常压力总分	家庭责任	健康问题	经济拮据	对学习/工作不满意	对居住环境不满意	其他方面的困难	人际冲突
有无自杀意念	人数	积极心理健康	日常压力总分	家庭责任	健康问题	经济拮据	对学习/工作不满意	对居住环境不满意	其他方面的困难	亲近的人	其他人	其他压力源
无	1 878	27.57±4.76	20.62±5.52	2.50±1.19	1.80±0.99	2.15±1.18	3.63±1.02	2.07±1.15	2.86±1.23	1.89±0.95	1.84±0.85	1.87±0.97
有	714	23.87±5.24	23.74±5.42	2.84±1.27	2.13±1.15	2.53±1.30	4.09±0.91	2.32±1.24	3.43±1.25	2.26±1.15	2.04±0.93	2.10±1.11
t值		17.14	-13.00	-6.37	-7.32	-7.10	-10.48	-4.68	-10.38	-8.22	-4.99	-5.19
P值		< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01

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表 3 大学新生自杀意念相关因素的Logistic回归分析[OR值(OR值95%CI)，n=2 592]

Table 3. Logistic regression analysis on correlation factors of suicidal ideation among college freshmen[OR(OR 95%CI), n=2 592]

自变量	模型1	模型2	模型3
性别	1.72(1.44~2.05)^**	1.83(1.53~2.19)^**	1.76(1.46~2.12)^**
母亲学历	1.27(1.05~1.53)^*	1.37(1.13~1.66)^**	1.49(1.22~1.82)^**
日常压力总分		1.11(1.09~1.13)^**	1.07(1.05~1.09)^**
积极心理健康			0.88(0.87~0.90)^**
注： P < 0.05，*P < 0.01；性别以男为参照，母亲学历以高中及以下为参照，日常压力总分和积极心理健康为连续变量型变量。

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