青少年非自杀性自伤行为的家庭影响因素分析

郭霜霜; 焦婷; 马颖; 唐杰

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.05.030

青少年非自杀性自伤行为的家庭影响因素分析

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.05.030

广州医科大学公共卫生学院，广东 511436

基金项目:

国家自然基金项目 81773457

详细信息

作者简介:
郭霜霜(1997-), 女，湖北襄阳人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为青少年危险性行为的病因和预防

通讯作者:
唐杰，Email：gytanjie@163.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
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中图分类号: B844.2 G478 G444
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-11-20
- 修回日期: 2021-12-31
- 网络出版日期: 2022-05-20
- 刊出日期: 2022-05-25

Household determinants of non-suicidal self-injury among adolescents

School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou (511436), China

摘要

摘要: 目的分析青少年非自杀性自伤行为(NSSI)的家庭影响因素, 为制定青少年自伤行为干预策略提供科学依据。方法采用分层随机整群抽样方法, 在黑龙江、安徽、湖北、云南、广东5省抽取15 623名11~20岁中学生为研究对象, 采用问卷评估青少年NSSI行为的频率, 以及家庭相关的影响因素。结果最近1年内至少发生1次以上自伤行为者占28.8%, 其中1~4次(偶有自伤行为)者占17.6%, 5次及以上(反复自伤行为)者占11.2%。单因素分析结果显示, 是否为独生子女、家庭类型、主要照料人文化程度、家庭教养方式、家庭人均月收入以及是否有精神疾病家族史与青少年偶有自伤行为及反复自伤行为均有相关性(χ²=6.30~12.16, P值均 < 0.05)。控制性别、年龄、年级、民族, 情绪管理、心理韧性、孤独感、社会支持等因素后, 是否独生子女、家庭教养方式仍与偶有自伤行为均呈正相关(OR值分别为1.11, 1.34, P值均 < 0.05);是否独生子女、主要照料人文化程度和家庭教养方式与反复自伤行为仍有相关性(OR值分别为1.19, 0.69, 1.57, P值均 < 0.05);以地区进行分层分析后显示, 各地区的青少年自伤行为的影响因素不全相同。结论独生子女、主要照料人文化程度等家庭因素可能与青少年自伤行为发生有关, 青少年自伤行为的家庭影响存在地区差异。
- 自我伤害行为 /
- 家庭 /
- 精神卫生 /
- 青少年 /
- 回归分析
Abstract: Objective To analyze household determinants of adolescents'non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), and to provide scientific basis for NSSI intervention amogn adolescents. Methods Using stratified random cluster sampling method, 15 623 middle school students aged 11-20 were selected from Heilongjiang, Anhui, Hubei, Yunnan, and Guangdong provinces, and non-suicidal self-injury and related household determinants were investigated by questionnaire. Results The survey showed that 28.8% of people who had NSSI in the past year accounted; among them, 17.6% had 1-4 times (occasional self-injury) and 11.2% had 5 times or more (repeated self-injury) univariate results showed that whether they were an only child, family type, educational level of the main caregiver, family rearing style, family monthly income per capita, and whether there was a family history of mental illness was associated with adolescents'NSSI (χ²=6.30-12.16, P < 0.05);multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that whether one child or family parenting style is still significantly related to occasional NSSI (OR=1.11, 1.34, P < 0.05) after controlling for gender, age, grade, ethnicity, emotional control, resilience, loneliness and social support; whether it is an only child, educational level of the main caregiver and family parenting style are still significantly related to repeated NSSI (OR=1.19, 0.69, 1.57, P < 0.05);stratified analysis by region shows that the influencing factors of NSSI in adolescents in each region are different. Conclusion Family factors such as the only child and the education level of the main caregiver may be related to the occurrence of adolescents'NSSI, but there are regional differences in the family impact of NSSI.
- Self-injurious behavior /
- Family /
- Mental health /
- Adolescent /
- Regression analysis
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表 1 不同人口学特征青少年NSSI的报告率比较

Table 1. NSSI report of adolescents with different demographic characteristics

人口统计学指标	人数	偶有	反复	χ²值	P值
性别
男	7 980	1 287(16.1)	908(11.4)	14.63	< 0.01
女	7 525	1 375(18.3)	889(11.8)
年龄/岁
11~14	6 190	1 112(18.0)	767(12.4)	13.84	0.01
15~17	7 696	1 271(16.5)	857(11.1)
18~20	1 619	279(17.2)	173(10.7)
学段
初中	8 267	1 398(16.9)	1 007(12.2)	6.30	0.04
高中	7 238	1 264(17.5)	790(10.9)
民族
汉族	14 050	2 455(17.5)	1 537(10.9)	65.24	< 0.01
少数民族	1 455	207(14.2)	260(17.9)
是否独生子女
是	5 377	855(15.9)	567(10.5)	21.64	< 0.01
否	10 128	1 807(17.8)	1 230(12.1)
家庭类型
核心家庭、大家庭或联合家庭	13 965	2 401(17.2)	1 563(11.2)	25.60	< 0.01
单亲家庭	760	115(15.1)	115(15.1)
重组家庭或隔代家庭	780	146(18.7)	119(15.3)
主要照料人文化程度
初中及以下	10 889	1 889(17.3)	1 218(11.2)	10.15	0.04
高中或中专	3 553	612(17.2)	432(12.2)
大学及以上	1 063	161(15.1)	147(13.8)
家庭教养方式^*
严格	4 691	773(16.5)	548(11.7)	102.16	< 0.01
溺爱	555	102(18.4)	74(13.3)
放任/粗暴/变化无常	1 672	358(21.4)	284(17.0)
民主	7 990	1 326(16.7)	831(10.4)
家庭人均收入水平/元^*
< 1 000	1 997	348(17.4)	281(14.1)	18.67	< 0.01
1 000~5 999	10 760	1 873(17.3)	1 201(11.0)
≥6 000	2 064	336(16.3)	256(12.4)
精神疾病家庭史^*
是	631	125(19.8)	112(17.7)	31.93	< 0.01
否	13 933	2 383(17.1)	1 582(11.4)
注：()内数字为报告率/%；*表示数据有缺失值。

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表 2 青少年NSSI家庭相关因素多分类Logistic回归分析(n=15 505)

Table 2. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis of family-related factors in adolescents with NSSI(n=15 505)

自变量	选项	偶有NSSI			反复NSSI
自变量	选项	β值	Wald χ²值	OR值(OR值95%CI)	β值	Wald χ²值	OR值(OR值95%CI)
是否独生子女	是	0.11	4.85	1.11(1.01~1.22)^*	0.17	8.22	1.19(1.06~1.33)^*
主要照料人文化程度	高中或中专				-0.37	12.31	0.69(0.57~0.85)^*
	大学及以上				-0.19	2.86	0.83(0.66~1.03)
家庭教养方式	溺爱	0.03	0.05	1.03(0.81~1.29)	0.17	1.21	1.19(0.88~1.61)
	放任/粗暴/变化无常	0.10	0.42	1.11(0.81~1.52)	0.26	1.64	1.29(0.87~1.91)
	民主	0.29	5.17	1.34(1.04~1.72)^*	0.45	7.57	1.57(1.14~2.16)^*
注：*P < 0.05；是否独生子女以否为参照，主要照料人文化程度以初中及以下为参照，家庭教养方式以严格为参照。

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