中学生昼夜节律情绪调节与抑郁症状的相关性

徐莹; 廖若男; 邱霜; 宋一颖; 周宇帆; 卢欣怡

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.05.019

中学生昼夜节律情绪调节与抑郁症状的相关性

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.05.019

成都中医药大学基础医学院, 四川 611137

基金项目:

成都中医药大学苗圃人才项目 MPRC2021025

四川省教育厅人文社科重点项目 17SA0042

详细信息

作者简介:
徐莹(1984-), 女, 云南曲靖人, 博士, 副教授, 主要研究方向为健康心理学

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: G444 G478 B844.2
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-12-04
- 修回日期: 2022-03-25
- 网络出版日期: 2022-05-20
- 刊出日期: 2022-05-25

Correlation between circadian rhythm, emotion regulation and depressive symptoms among adolescents

School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu (611137), China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解中学生抑郁情绪的现状以及与昼夜节律、情绪调节的关联，为改善青少年抑郁情绪的心理健康宣教提供科学依据。方法采用方便抽样法，抽取四川成都、阆中和乐山6所中学2 398名初、高中学生为被试，采用抑郁量表(CES-D)、清晨型与夜晚型量表简版和情绪调节量表进行调查，运用SPSS 21.0进行数据处理和分析。结果青少年抑郁症状检出率为37.9%(909名)，女生、农村、15~18岁年龄组青少年的抑郁症状检出率高于男生、城镇、12~14岁年龄组(χ²值分别为25.15，15.45，187.24，P值均 < 0.01)。不同昼夜节律青少年抑郁症状检出率差异有统计学意义(χ²=55.19，P < 0.01)，绝对夜晚型节律偏好青少年抑郁检出率(57.1%)最高。不同睡眠时长青少年抑郁症状检出率差异有统计学意义(χ²=141.99，P < 0.01)，睡眠时长 < 6 h/d抑郁检出率(69.4%)最高。抑郁组较无抑郁组更多使用表达抑制策略，而无抑郁组较抑郁组更多使用认知重评策略。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，女生、15~18岁组、表达抑制、睡眠时长 < 6 h/d、睡眠时长6~8 h/d与青少年出现抑郁症状呈正相关(OR值分别为1.60，2.29，1.13，5.17，2.88)，而睡眠时型中间型、清晨型和认知重评与抑郁症状呈负相关(OR值分别为0.53，0.55，0.90)(P值均 < 0.05)。结论青少年睡眠节律延迟、睡眠不足以及压抑情绪与抑郁症状呈正相关，应积极倡导青少年养成良好的睡眠习惯，采用合理的情绪调节方式，以减少青少年的抑郁状况。
- 昼夜节律 /
- 抑郁 /
- 精神卫生 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To investigate association between adolescent depressive symptoms with circadian rhythm and emotion regulation strategies, and to provide the basis for mental health education for depression. Methods CES-D, Morning and Evening Questionnaire-5 (MEQ-5) and Emotion Regulation scale (ERS) were administered to 2 398 students from 6 middle schools in Chengdu, Langzhong and Leshan of Sichuan Province. SPSS 21.0 was used to data processing and anlysis. Results About 37.9% (909/2 398) of adolescents reported depressive symptoms. Prevalence of depressive symptom was higher in female students(χ²=25.15, P < 0.01), rural adolescents(χ²=15.45, P < 0.01), adolescents aged 15-18 compared to aged 12-14(χ²=187.24, P < 0.01). There was significant difference in rate of depressive symptoms among adolescents with different circadian rhythms(χ²=55.19, P < 0.01), with definite evening rhythm preference was the highest(57.1%). Prevalence of depressive symptoms significantly varied by sleep duration(χ²=141.99, P < 0.01), and were highest in adolescents with sleep duration < 6 h(69.4%). The scores of suppression dimension in depressed adolescents were significantly higher than that of non-depressive group, while the scores of reappraisal dimension were significantly higher in non-depressive group than that of depressive group. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that gender(OR=1.60), age(OR=2.29), suppression(OR=1.13), sleep duration < 6 h(OR=5.17), sleep duration 6-8 h (OR=2.88) were positively associated with depressive symptoms in adolescents. Moderate type(OR=0.53), morning type (OR=0.55) and cognitive reappraisal (OR=0.90) were associated with lower rate of depressive symptoms(P < 0.05). Conclusion Sleep rhythm delay, lack of sleep and emotion suppression in adolescents are associated with higher risk for depression. Regular sleep habits and reasonable emotion regulation might help to prevent adolescent depression.
- Circadian rhythm /
- Depression /
- Mental health /
- Regression analysis /
- Students
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表 1 不同人口学特征中学生抑郁症状检出率比较

Table 1. Comparison of the detection rates of depressive symptoms in different demographic characteristics groups among middle school students

人口统计学指标	选项	人数	抑郁症状人数	χ²值	P值
性别	男	1 133	370(32.7)	25.15	< 0.01
	女	1 265	539(42.6)
生源地	城镇	1 586	557(35.1)	15.45	< 0.01
	农村	812	352(43.3)
民族	汉族	2 362	895(37.9)	0.02	0.90
	其他	36	14(38.9)
年龄/岁	12~14	1 436	385(26.8)	187.24	< 0.01
	15~18	962	524(54.5)
是否独生子女	是	1 196	449(37.5)	0.14	0.71
	否	1 202	460(38.3)
父亲文化程度	初中及以下	875	377(43.1)	24.88	< 0.01
	高中	731	284(38.9)
	大专及以上	792	248(31.3)
母亲文化程度	初中及以下	1 029	444(43.1)	24.87	< 0.01
	高中	702	256(36.5)
	大专及以上	667	209(31.3)
睡眠时型	绝对夜晚型	21	12(57.1)	55.19	< 0.01
	中度夜晚型	303	170(56.1)
	中间型	1 955	678(34.7)
	中度清晨型	117	48(41.0)
	绝对清晨型	2	1(50.0)
睡眠时长/(h·d^-1)	< 6	173	120(69.4)	141.99	< 0.01
	6~8	1 979	759(38.4)
	>8	246	30(12.2)
注：( )内数字为检出率/%。

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表 2 中学生抑郁症状相关因素多因素Logistic回归分析(n=2 398)

Table 2. Multi-factor Logistic regression analysis of related factors of depressive symptoms among middle school students(n=2 398)

自变量	β值	标准误	Wald χ²值	P值	OR值(OR值95%CI)
性别	0.47	0.10	22.42	< 0.01	1.60(1.32~1.95)
年龄	0.83	0.11	61.93	< 0.01	2.29(1.86~2.81)
睡眠时型
中间型	-0.63	0.14	19.44	< 0.01	0.53(0.40~0.70)
清晨型	-0.59	0.25	5.54	0.02	0.55(0.34~0.91)
睡眠时长/(h·d^-1)
<6	1.64	0.29	32.63	< 0.01	5.17(2.94~9.08)
6~8	1.06	0.22	23.39	< 0.01	2.88(1.87~4.41)
认知重评	-0.10	0.01	205.42	< 0.01	0.90(0.89~0.91)
表达抑制	0.12	0.01	251.51	< 0.01	1.13(1.12~1.15)

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