北京市大中学生抑郁流行现状及与饮食相关行为的关系

赵海; 王路; 滕立新; 郭欣

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.05.017

北京市大中学生抑郁流行现状及与饮食相关行为的关系

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.05.017

北京市疾病预防控制中心学校卫生所, 100013

详细信息

作者简介:
赵海(1987-), 女, 河北省人, 硕士, 主管医师, 主要研究方向为儿童青少年健康影响因素

通讯作者:
郭欣, E-mail: gguoxin2000@126.com

中图分类号: G444 B844.2 G478
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- 文章访问数: 611
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-10-30
- 修回日期: 2021-12-16
- 网络出版日期: 2022-05-20
- 刊出日期: 2022-05-25

Prevalence of depression and the association between depressive symptoms and dietary behaviors among students in Beijing

School Health Department, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing (100103), China

摘要

摘要: 目的研究北京市大学生与中学生抑郁流行现状及与饮食相关行为的关系，为促进中学生的健康心理及健康饮食提供依据。方法采用分层整群抽样方法，于2020年10—12月抽取北京市16个区18 130名大中学生进行问卷调查，采用多因素Logistic回归分析抑郁症状与饮食行为的相关性。结果北京市大学生与中学生抑郁症状检出率为18.2%，其中男生为17.4%，女生为19.0%，差异有统计学意义(χ²=8.47，P < 0.01)；6个城区学生检出率为17.9%，10个郊区学生为18.5%，差异无统计学意义(χ²=1.15，P=0.28)；抑郁症状检出率按学段从高到底分别为职业高中(21.8%)、普通高中(20.6%)、大学(18.2%)、初中(15.2%)，差异有统计学意义(χ²=100.38，P < 0.01)。检出抑郁症状的学生每天喝含糖饮料(14.4%)、吃甜食(22.1%)及吃油炸食品(12.4%)的报告率高于未检出抑郁症状的学生(7.6%，12.0%，5.9%)，差异均有统计学意义(χ²值分别为154.62，215.67，164.49，P值均 < 0.01)；检出抑郁症状的学生每天吃新鲜水果(63.3%)、蔬菜(81.7%)及早餐(53.4%)的报告率低于未检出抑郁症状的学生(72.0%，88.1%，74.1%)，差异均有统计学意义(χ²值分别为90.77，90.59，518.69，P值均 < 0.01)。Logistic回归分析显示，抑郁症状检出率是影响饮食行为的重要因素(P值均 < 0.05)。结论北京地区职业高中学生、普通高中生的抑郁症状检出率高于初中生和大学生，抑郁症状与不健康饮食行为密切相关。促进学生心理健康可能会有助于健康饮食。
- 抑郁 /
- 饮食习惯 /
- 行为 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To investigate the relationship between depressive symptoms and dietary behaviors among middle school and college students in Beijing, so as to provide the basis for carrying out related research and intervention. Methods A total of 18 130 middle school and college students from 16 districts in Beijing were collected through stratified cluster sampling from October to December, 2020. The relationship between middle school and college students' depressive symptoms and dietary behaviors was analyzed by conducting a questionnaire. Results The detection rate of depressive symptoms was 18.2%. The detection rate of depressive symptoms in girls was 19.0%, which was higher than 17.4% in boys(P < 0.05), and the differences were of statistical significance(χ²=8.47, P < 0.01). The detection rate of depressive symptoms in city was 17.9%, and in 10 urban areas was 18.5%(P>0.05), and the differences were of statistical significance(χ²=1.15, P=0.28). The detection rates of depressive symptoms in vocational high school (21.8%) and high school students(20.6%) were and, higher than that in college students (18.2%) and in junior high school students(15.2%), and the differences were of statistical significance(χ²=100.38, P < 0.01). The rates of students with depressive symptoms drinking sugary drinks(14.4%), eating sweets (22.1%) and eating fried foods every day (12.4%) were higher than that of students without depressive symptoms(7.6%, 12.0%, 5.9%), and the differences were of statistical significance(χ²=154.62, 215.67, 164.49, P < 0.01). The rates of eating fresh fruits(63.3%), vegetables (81.7%) and breakfast every day (53.4%) of the students with depressive symptoms were lower than those without depressive symptoms (72.0%, 88.1%, 74.1%), and the differences were of statistical significance(χ²=90.77, 90.59, 518.69, P < 0.01) Logistic regression analysis showed that the detection rate of depression was the important factor of influencing dietary behaviors(P < 0.05). Conclusion The detection rates of depressive symptoms of vocational high school students and senior high school students in Beijing are higher than those of junior high school students and college students. Depression is closely related to dietary behaviors. Promoting students' mental health may help promote students' healthy eating.
- Depression /
- Food habits /
- Behavior /
- Regression analysis /
- Students

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表 1 北京市大学生与中学生饮食相关行为的Logistic回归分析(n=18 130)

Table 1. Logistic regression analysis of diet-related behaviors of college and middle school students in Beijing(n=18 130)

因变量	自变量	β值	标准误	Wald χ²值	P值	OR值
每天喝含糖饮料	性别	0.70	0.06	156.01	< 0.01	2.01
	学段	-0.39	0.03	140.21	< 0.01	0.68
	城郊	-0.26	0.06	20.76	< 0.01	0.77
	住校情况	-0.14	0.06	4.68	0.03	0.87
	是否检出抑郁症状	0.69	0.06	136.37	< 0.01	2.00
每天吃甜食	性别	-0.45	0.04	101.77	< 0.01	0.64
	学段	-0.17	0.03	39.97	< 0.01	0.85
	住校情况	-0.21	0.05	14.27	< 0.01	0.81
	是否检出抑郁症状	0.67	0.05	181.40	< 0.01	1.95
每天吃油炸食物	性别	0.31	0.06	27.69	< 0.01	1.37
	学段	-0.27	0.03	74.08	< 0.01	0.76
	城郊	-0.28	0.06	20.97	< 0.01	0.76
	是否检出抑郁症状	0.76	0.06	138.03	< 0.01	2.13
每天吃新鲜水果	性别	-0.38	0.03	121.84	< 0.01	0.68
	学段	0.49	0.02	516.59	< 0.01	1.63
	城郊	0.28	0.04	59.42	< 0.01	1.32
	住校情况	-0.71	0.04	308.37	< 0.01	0.49
	是否检出抑郁症状	-0.36	0.04	71.91	< 0.01	0.70
每天吃蔬菜	性别	-0.43	0.05	88.73	< 0.01	0.65
	学段	0.40	0.03	206.78	< 0.01	1.49
	城郊	0.54	0.05	121.10	< 0.01	1.71
	住校情况	-0.41	0.05	59.88	< 0.01	0.66
	是否检出抑郁症状	-0.43	0.05	64.83	< 0.01	0.65
每天吃早餐	学段	0.35	0.02	264.41	< 0.01	1.41
	城郊	0.44	0.04	151.15	< 0.01	1.55
	住校情况	0.22	0.04	27.20	< 0.01	1.24
	是否检出抑郁症状	-0.87	0.04	464.17	< 0.01	0.42

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