Research progress on mental health related cohorts of children in distress
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摘要: 儿童成长和发展关乎国家和民族未来, 近年来关于儿童心理健康领域的队列研究越来越多, 研究通过介绍困境儿童队列研究优势并对国内外有关困境儿童心理健康领域的队列研究进行整理, 发现其多应用于抑郁、焦虑、创伤后应激障碍、自杀意念及企图等方向, 主要探究困境儿童心理健康发展风险及流行程度, 识别长期负面损害, 并分析和总结困境儿童心理健康领域队列研究的现状和前景, 以推动该类研究长远发展及向高质量发展。Abstract: The growth and development of children is related to the future of the country and the nation. In recent years, there have been more and more cohort studies in the field of children's mental health. Bymainly introducing the advantages of cohort studies on children in distress and organizes domestic and foreign cohort studies in the field of mental health of children in distress, this article finds that it is mostly used in depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, suicidal ideation and attempts, etc, and mainly explores the risk and prevalence of mental health development in children in distress, and identifies long-term negative damage. The research aims to promote the long-term development and high-quality development of such research by analyzing and summarizing the status quo and prospects of cohort research in the field of mental health of children in distress.
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Key words:
- Mental health /
- Cohort studies /
- Child /
- Depression /
- Anxiety
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表 1 抑郁症队列研究基本情况
Table 1. Basic situation of the cohort study on depression
第一作者及年份 国家 样本量 暴露因素 暴露时间 期限或年龄 抑郁测量年龄或年级 结局变量 Hjern(2018)[13] 瑞典 10 611 收养或寄养 2岁之前被收养或18岁之前寄养至少10年 2006—2012年 25~41岁 国际疾病分类(International Classification of Diseases, ICD-10) 龚纯(2018)[14] 中国 1 172 情感/躯体/性虐待 小学低年级或更小时候 4年 七至八年级 儿童抑郁量表(Children Depression Inventory, CDI)；心境与情绪问卷(Mood & Feeling Questionnaire, MFQ) Sun(2021)[15] 中国 1 090 留守状态 父母一方或双方外出打工>6个月 1年 9~16岁 儿童抑郁量表(Childhood Depression Inventory, CDI) Glickman(2021)[16] 英国 3 263 情感忽视 0~18岁 8~17.5岁 18岁 简化情绪量表(Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire, SMFQ) 赵燕(2022)[17] 中国 426 家庭贫困 易地搬迁后 1年 五至九年级 儿童抑郁量表(Childhood Depression Inventory, CDI) 
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表 2 焦虑症队列研究基本情况
Table 2. Basic situation of the cohort study on anxiety disorder
第一作者及年份 国家 样本量 暴露因素 暴露时间或年龄 随访时间 焦虑测量年龄/岁 结局变量 Maalouf(2020)[20] 加拿大 882 性虐待 2001—2010年 1996—2013年 ≤18 国际疾病分类(International Classification of Diseases, ICD-10) Gifford(2019)[21] 美国 475 父母监禁 9~16岁 1999—2015年 19~30 青年精神病评估(Young Adult Psychiatric Assessment, YAPA) Kisely(2022)[22] 澳大利亚 2 458 身体/性/情感虐待或忽视 0~16岁 30年 ≥30 怀特利指数(Whiteley Index-Chinese Version, WI-CV) Gadermann(2022)[23] 加拿大 470 464 难民 0~19岁 20年 ≤19 国际疾病分类(International Classification of Diseases, ICD-10) Duke(2018)[24] 澳大利亚 11 967 意外烧伤 1980—2012年 中位随访时间: 18年 < 18 国际疾病分类(International Classification of Diseases, ICD-10)
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表 3 创伤后应激障碍队列研究基本情况
Table 3. Basic situation of the cohort study on PTSD
第一作者及年份 国家 样本量 暴露因素 暴露时间或年龄 随访时间 PTSD测量年龄/岁 结局变量 El-Khoury(2021)[28] 丹麦 1 277 548 贫困、父母死亡等 0~16岁 中位随访时间: 10.1年 ≥16 国际疾病分类(International Classification of Diseases, ICD-10) Katz(2021)[29] 美国 1 503 忽视、躯体/性虐待 过去1年 3年 8~18 儿童创伤症状检查表(Post-Traumatic Stress Scale, PTSS) Chen(2021)[30] 中国 151 突发性灾害 2008年(汶川地震) 1年 < 18 儿童事件影响量表(Children's Revised Impact of Event Scale, CRIES-13) Ottisova(2018)[31] 英国 51 拐卖、贩卖 < 18岁 2006—2014年 < 18 国际疾病分类(International Classification of Diseases, ICD-10) Su(2021)[32] 塞拉利昂 415 武装冲突 10~17岁 15年 < 30 儿童战争创伤问卷(Child War Trauma Questionnaire, CWTQ)
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表 4 自杀意念及自杀企图队列研究基本情况
Table 4. Basic situation of the cohort study on suicidal ideation and attempts
第一作者及年份 国家 样本量 暴露因素 暴露年龄/岁 随访时间 PTSD测量年龄或年级 结局变量 Almquist(2020)[36] 瑞典 14 559 寄养或寄宿 0~19 1973—2016年 20~63岁 国际疾病分类(International Classification of Diseases, ICD-10) Polanco-Roman(2021)[37] 美国 1 903 虐待、父母死亡等 5~17 2013—2017年 15~29岁 复合性国际诊断访谈表(Composite International Diagnostic Interview, CIDI) Geirsdottir(2021)[38] 瑞典 1 200 953 难民 < 18 2010—2016年 19~30岁 国际疾病分类(International Classification of Diseases, ICD-10) Girard(2021)[39] 加拿大 119 性虐待 < 18 1年 15~19岁 自杀意念评估项目“在过去的6个月里你有过自杀的念头吗?” Kwok(2019)[40] 中国香港 909 情感虐待 < 18 1年 八~九年级 自杀意念量表(Chinese Version of the Suicidal Ideation Scale, C-SIS)
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