北京市2010—2020年学校突发传染病事件流行病学特征

孙秀梅; 孙鑫贵; 刘晓峰; 张永强; 李锡太; 王薇; 马宁; 宁芳; 王东; 乔宏; 王京辉

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.04.034

北京市2010—2020年学校突发传染病事件流行病学特征

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.04.034

北京市疾病预防控制中心, 100013

详细信息

作者简介:
孙秀梅(1977-), 女, 河北省人, 硕士, 主管医师, 主要从事传染病防控及应急管理工作

通讯作者:
刘晓峰, E-mail: liuxiaofeng0081@sina.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R181.3 R183 G478
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-01-29
- 修回日期: 2022-03-01
- 网络出版日期: 2022-04-25
- 刊出日期: 2022-04-25

Epidemiological characteristics of public health emergencies of infectious diseases in schools of Beijing from 2010 to 2020

Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing (100013), China

摘要

摘要: 目的分析北京市学校突发传染病事件流行病学特征，为学校传染病防控提供策略依据。方法通过“中国疾病预防控制信息系统”子系统“突发公共卫生事件管理信息系统”，获取2010—2020年北京市报告的学校突发传染病事件信息。结果 2010—2020年，北京市学校报告突发公共卫生事件数146起，其中学校突发传染病事件138起，发病人数4 291例，波及或暴露人数185 179人，罹患率为2.32%，年平均罹患率差异有统计学意义(χ²=782.46，P < 0.01)。学校突发传染病事件主要为呼吸道和肠道传染病，分别为71和66起，分别占学校传染病事件总数的51.45%和47.83%。时间分布上，每年的3—6月和10—12月为传染病类突发事件的高发期。人群和病种分布上，托幼机构和小学阶段报告的传染病类突发事件最多，分别为51和46起，共占学校报告事件总数的70.29%，且以手足口病和水痘为主；水痘和其他感染性腹泻病是中学和大学阶段传染病类突发事件的首位。结论传染病事件在北京市学校突发公共卫生事件中占主导，呼吸道和肠道传染病是学校防控的关键。学校应加强症状监测，并根据不同年龄段的特点实施有针对性的防控措施，同时规范疫情处置工作，在疫情高峰期加强学校传染病的防治和预案演练。
- 传染病 /
- 患病率 /
- 流行病学研究 /
- 学生保健服务
Abstract: Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of infectious diseases at schools in Beijing from 2010 to 2020, providing evidence for the prevention and control strategies in school infectious diseases. Methods Information on public health emergencies was collected from Public Health Emergency Reporting System (the subsystem of Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System) reported from 2010 to 2020. Results A total of 146 public health emergencies and 138 public health emergencies of infectious diseases in schools were reported in Beijing from 2010 to 2020, including 4 291 cases with the rate of 2.32% and affected or exposed 185 179 cases. There were significant difference in mean annual incidence rates(χ²=782.46, P < 0.01). There were 71 events of respiratory infectious diseases and 66 events of intestinal infectious diseases, accounting for 51.45% and 47.83%, respectively. The annual incidence peaks of public health emergencies of infectious diseases were during March-June and October-December. The events mainly occurred in kindergartens and primary schools among each stage of school periods with 51 and 46 incidences respectively, which accounted for 70.29% of the total number of public health emergencies in schools. The leading infectious diseases among all the reported events in kindergartens and primary schools were hand-foot-mouth disease and varicella. Varicella and other infectious diarrhoeal diseases were at the top lists of infectious disease outbreaks at the secondary and university stages. Conclusion Infectious diseases events were the major type of public health emergencies at schools in Beijing from 2010 to 2020. Respiratory infectious diseases and intestinal infectious diseases were the keys to the prevention and control of public health emergencies related to school. It is necessary to strengthen the surveillance for public health emergencies especially for symptom surveillance. The prevention and control measures should be taken according to the characteristics of different age groups. At the same time, the prevention and control of school infectious diseases and the drill of the plan during peak periods need to be particularly strengthened.
- Communicable diseases /
- Prevalence /
- Epidemiologic studies /
- Student health services
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

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图 1 北京市2010—2020年不同月份学校突发传染病事件数

Figure 1. Monthly distribution of public health emergencies of infectious events in schools in Beijing, 2010-2020

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图 2 北京市2010—2020年不同月份突发传染病发病数

Figure 2. Monthly distribution of cases of public health emergencies of infectious events in schools in Beijing, 2010-2020

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表 1 北京市2010—2020年学校突发公共卫生事件基本情况

Table 1. Time distribution of public health emergencies of infectious events in schools in Beijing, 2010-2020

年份	总事件数	传染病事件数	传染病一般事件数	波及或暴露人数	罹患人数
2010	6	6	5	5 158	142(2.75)
2011	4	4	3	5 596	178(3.18)
2012	3	2	2	1 361	30(2.20)
2013	6	4	3	1 659	50(3.01)
2014	18	15	9	8 935	333(3.73)
2015	8	8	5	2 840	156(5.49)
2016	22	22	16	20 123	760(3.78)
2017	22	21	16	21 744	678(3.12)
2018	21	20	15	31 674	733(2.31)
2019	33	33	21	83 242	1184(1.42)
2020	3	3	2	2 847	47(1.65)
合计	146	138	97	185 179	4 291(2.32)
注：( )内数字为罹患率/%。

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表 2 北京市2010—2020年不同病种报告情况

Table 2. Distribute of category of public health emergencies of infectious events in schools in Beijing, 2010-2020

病种	总事件数	波及或暴露人数	罹患人数
乙类传染病
肺结核	6	8 680	300(3.46)
麻疹	1	2 288	24(1.05)
细菌性痢疾	1	500	10(2.00)
人感染H7N9禽流感	1	13	1(7.69)
丙类传染病
手足口病	48	12 806	734(5.73)
其他感染性腹泻病	15	81 799	1 298(1.59)
流行性感冒	8	5 680	441(7.76)
流行性腮腺炎	1	12 130	23(0.19)
风疹	1	1 500	28(1.87)
其他传染病
水痘	39	47 551	933(1.96)
腺病毒	9	1 969	153(7.77)
流感样病例	5	2 520	108(4.29)
诺如病毒感染	2	7 741	237(3.06)
恙虫病	1	2	1(50.00)
合计	138	185 179	4 291(2.32)
注：( )内数字为罹患率/%。

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表 3 北京市2010—2020年不同学校类型突发传染病事件报告情况

Table 3. School types distribution of public health emergencies of infectious events in schools in Beijing, 2010-2020

学校类型	肺结核		麻疹		细菌性痢疾		人感染H7N9禽流感		手足口病		其他感染性腹泻病		流行性感冒			流行性腮腺炎
学校类型	事件数	发病数	事件数	发病数	事件数	发病数	事件数	发病数	事件数	发病数	事件数	发病数	事件数	发病数		事件数	发病数
托幼机构	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	44	642	1	21	1	62		0	0
小学	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	3	58	3	285	2	87		0	0
中学	2	58	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	34	6	286	4	231		0	0
职业高中	1	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0		0	0
大学	1	18	1	24	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	706	1	61		1	23
其他学校^*	2	209	0	0	1	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0		0	0
总计	6	300	1	24	1	10	1	1	48	734	15	1 298	8	441		1	23

学校类型	风疹		水痘		腺病毒		流感样病例		诺如病毒感染		恙虫病		合计
学校类型	事件数	发病数	事件数	发病数	事件数	发病数	事件数	发病数	事件数	发病数	事件数	发病数	事件数			发病数
托幼机构	0	0	4	80	1	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	51		825
小学	0	0	23	644	8	133	5	108	1	97	0	0	46		1 413
中学	1	28	6	96	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	20		733
职业高中	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	140	0	0	2		155
大学	0	0	5	100	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	15		933
其他学校^*	0	0	1	13	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	4		232
总计	1	28	39	933	9	153	5	108	2	237	1	1	138		4 291
注：*其他学校指专业培训机构。

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表 4 北京市2010—2020年不同区县学校突发传染病事件报告情况

Table 4. Regional distributions of public health emergencies of infectious events in schools in Beijing, 2010-2020

报告区县	总事件数	波及或暴露人数	罹患人数
房山区	17	8 464	343(4.05)
朝阳区	15	17 212	414(2.41)
顺义区	14	13 177	589(4.47)
西城区	14	6 938	264(3.81)
丰台区	13	11 162	296(2.65)
通州区	12	4 125	219(5.31)
昌平区	11	22 960	225(0.98)
大兴区	11	14 575	508(3.49)
石景山区	10	4 483	326(7.27)
海淀区	9	73 524	877(1.19)
门头沟区	4	754	51(6.76)
东城区	3	2 357	35(1.48)
怀柔区	2	2 542	52(2.05)
密云区	1	813	13(1.60)
平谷区	1	100	12(12.00)
延庆区	1	1 993	67(3.36)
合计	138	185 179	4 291(2.32)
注：( )内数字为罹患率/%。

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