中国疾病预防控制机构学校卫生科室设置和人员配备现状

刘瑶; 唐小哲; 张宇晶; 杨涵; 林琳; 张倩; 许娟; 刘东山

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.04.033

中国疾病预防控制机构学校卫生科室设置和人员配备现状

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.04.033

刘瑶¹,
唐小哲¹,
张宇晶²,
杨涵³,
林琳¹,
张倩⁴,
许娟^4, ,,
刘东山^5, ,

1.
中国疾病预防控制中心公共卫生管理处，北京 102200
2.
中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所
3.
北京市疾病预防控制中心学校卫生所
4.
中国疾病预防控制中心营养与健康所
5.
国家卫生健康委职业安全卫生研究中心

基金项目:

公共卫生应急反应机制的运行 131031001000210001

详细信息

作者简介:
刘瑶(1992-)，女，内蒙古赤峰人，硕士，助理研究员，主要研究方向为学校卫生、妇幼卫生、卫生管理等

通讯作者:
许娟，E-mail：xujuan@ninh.chinacdc.cn

刘东山，E-mail：martinliuer1204@aliyun.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R193 G478 R179
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-11-21
- 修回日期: 2022-01-10
- 网络出版日期: 2022-04-25
- 刊出日期: 2022-04-25

Current status about school health department settings and staff building of the centers for disease control and prevention in China

LIU Yao¹,
TANG Xiaozhe¹,
ZHANG Yujing²,
YANG Han³,
LIN Lin¹,
ZHANG Qian⁴,
XU Juan^{4
, ,},
LIU Dongshan^{5
, ,}

1.
Office for Public Health Management, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing (102200), China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解当前中国疾病预防控制(以下简称“疾控”)机构学校卫生工作体系建设和人员配备情况，为中国疾控机构学校卫生体系、队伍能力建设和工作开展等提供基础信息。方法通过电子问卷收集各省、市、县三级共计3 313所疾控机构学校卫生科室(包括学校卫生所、科/室)设置、工作人员配备情况，统计分析疾控机构学校卫生科室设置比例与工作人员配备数、年龄、学历、专业及工作年限等特征。结果全国参与调查的3 313所疾控机构中设置独立的学校卫生科室比例为10.8%，省、地市与县(区)级分别为74.2%，15.0%，9.6%。设置独立科室者平均每家机构实有工作人员4.4人；未设置者平均每家机构承担学校卫生工作人员为2.5人。从事学校卫生工作人员平均年龄为40.4岁，男、女职工比例分别为45.2%，54.8%，从事学校卫生工作平均年限不足5年的人员比例高至65.1%。工作人员专业以公共卫生类(40.4%)为主；省级人员54.0%为硕士及以上学历，地市级和县(区)级人员以专科及以下为主，分别为47.8%，58.7%。省级人员中、高级职称比例为69.6%，地市级和县(区)级人员初级及以下占比分别为52.2%，56.2%。结论中全国各级疾控机构中独立的学校卫生科室的设置比例低；从事学校卫生工作的人员缺乏，且存在学历及职称水平偏低等问题，尤其是县(区)级疾控机构更为突出。需尽快加强中国疾控机构中学校卫生工作体系建设。
- 组织和管理 /
- 卫生人员 /
- 公共卫生 /
- 学生保健服务
Abstract: Objective To learn about the construction and staffing of the school health system in Chinese institutions for disease prevention and control, and to provide basic information for the school health system, team capacity building and work development. Methods Electronic questionnaire was used to collect the setting and staffing of school health departments (including school health centers and departments/rooms) at the provincial, prefecture and county (district) levels in the centers for disease control and prevention. Statistical analysis was made on the proportion of school health, the number of staff and the characteristics such as age, education, major and working years in the provincial, prefecture and county (district) levels. Results Among the 3 313 institutions, the proportion of independent school health departments was 10.8%, and those of the provincial, prefecture and county (district) levels were 74.2%, 15.0%, and 9.6%, respectively. Among the institutions with separated department, the average number of staff members was 4.4, while the number of staff was 2.5. The average age of school health workers was 40.4 years old, and the proportion of male and female employees was 45.2% and 54.8%. The proportion of personnel who have been engaged in school health work for less than 5 years on average was as high as 65.1%. The majors of the staff were mainly public health (40.4%), 54.0% of the provincial staff had a master's degree or above, and 47.8% and 58.7% of the staff at the prefecture and county (district) levels were junior college or below respectively.The proportion of provincial-level personnel with intermediate and senior titles was 69.6%, and the proportion of municipal and county-level personnel at the junior level and below was 52.2% and 56.2% respectively. Conclusion The proportion of independent school health departments within centers of disease control and prevention across China was low. There is a serious shortage of school health personnel, and there are problems such as low levels of education and professional titles, especially in county (district) level institutions. It is urgent to strengthen the construction of the school health system of the centers for disease control and prevention in China.
- Organization and administration /
- Health personnel /
- Public health /
- Student health services
注释:

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表 1 不同级别疾控机构学校卫生工作人员基本情况分布

Table 1. Basic situation of school health staff of the centers for disease control and prevention at all levels

基本情况	省级(n=174)	地市级(n=1 148)	县区级(n=8 144)	合计(n=9 466)
性别
男	43(24.7)	488(42.5)	3 743(46.0)	4 274(45.2)
女	131(75.3)	660(57.5)	4 401(54.0)	5 192(54.8)
年龄/岁
< 25	9(5.2)	53(4.6)	464(5.7)	530(5.6)
25~34	71(40.8)	354(30.8)	2 206(27.1)	2 631(27.8)
35~44	48(27.6)	351(30.6)	2 642(32.4)	3 041(32.1)
45~54	39(22.4)	339(29.5)	2 462(30.2)	2 840(30.0)
≥55	7(4.0)	51(4.5)	370(4.6)	424(4.5)
专业
公共卫生类	137(78.7)	526(45.8)	3 165(38.9)	3 828(40.4)
临床医学类	15(8.6)	276(24.0)	2 208(27.1)	2 499(26.4)
管理学类	3(1.7)	37(3.2)	216(2.7)	256(2.7)
其他	19(10.9)	309(26.9)	2 555(31.4)	2 883(30.5)
学历
博士	2(1.1)	5(0.4)	8(0.1)	15(0.2)
硕士	92(52.9)	85(7.4)	258(3.2)	435(4.6)
本科	62(35.6)	509(44.3)	3 100(38.1)	3 671(38.8)
专科及以下	18(10.3)	549(47.8)	4 778(58.7)	5 345(56.5)
职称
高级	49(28.2)	177(15.4)	1 068(13.1)	1 294(13.7)
中级	72(41.4)	372(32.4)	2 498(30.7)	2 942(31.1)
初级	45(25.9)	407(35.5)	2 908(35.7)	3 360(35.5)
其他	8(4.6)	192(16.7)	1 670(20.5)	1 870(19.8)
工作年限/年
< 5	115(66.1)	772(67.2)	5 276(64.8)	6 163(65.1)
5~14	43(24.7)	281(24.5)	2 061(25.3)	2 385(25.2)
15~24	8(4.6)	73(6.4)	582(7.1)	663(7.0)
25~34	7(4.0)	19(1.7)	198(2.4)	224(2.4)
≥35	1(0.6)	3(0.3)	27(0.3)	31(0.3)
注：( )内数字为构成比/%。

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表 2 全国各级疾控机构学校卫生科室基本情况

Table 2. Basic situation of school health work institutes of the centers for disease control and prevention at all levels

是否设置独立学校卫生科室	省级			地市级			县区级			合计
是否设置独立学校卫生科室	总数	均值	众数	总数	均值	众数	总数	均值	众数	总数	均值	众数
设置
机构数	23	-	-	51	-	-	283	-	-	357	-	-
编制数	141	6.1	4.0	189	3.7	4.0	949	3.4	2.0	1 279	3.6	2.0
实有人数	142	6.2	4.0	220	3.4	3.0	1 226	4.3	2.0	1 588	4.4	2.0
正式人员数	142	6.2	4.0	206	3.6	3.0	1 041	3.7	2.0	1 389	3.9	2.0
未设置
机构数	8	-	-	288	-	-	2 660	-	-	2 956	-	-
实有人数	46	5.8	3.0	847	2.9	1.0	6 478	2.4	1.0	7 371	2.5	1.0
专职人数	14	1.8	0	169	0.6	0	1 222	0.5	0	1 405	0.5	0
正式人员数	24	3.0	3.0	735	2.6	1.0	5 246	2.0	1.0	6 005	2.0	1.0

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