南通市青少年近视与高能食物摄入频次的关系

郭佩融; 安娜; 吴尚熹; 黄建萍; 陆青云

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.04.028

南通市青少年近视与高能食物摄入频次的关系

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.04.028

郭佩融¹,
安娜^2, ,,
吴尚熹¹,
黄建萍²,
陆青云^1, ,

1.
南通大学公共卫生学院儿少与妇幼保健学系，江苏 226019
2.
南通市疾病预防控制中心食品卫生与学校卫生科

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金资助项目 81502827

详细信息

作者简介:
郭佩融(1997-)，女，山西临汾人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为儿童青少年卫生

通讯作者:
安娜，E-mail：814791496@qq.com

陆青云，E-mail：qingyun79@126.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R151 R778.11 R179
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-11-09
- 修回日期: 2022-01-06
- 网络出版日期: 2022-04-25
- 刊出日期: 2022-04-25

Relationship between myopia and frequency of high energy food intake among adolescents in Nantong

GUO Peirong¹,
AN Na^{2
, ,},
WU Shangxi¹,
HUANG Jianping²,
LU Qingyun^{1
, ,}

1.
Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong (226019), Jiangsu Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解南通市青少年近视发生率及其相关因素，分析食物摄入与青少年近视发生的相关关系，为青少年近视防控提供参考。方法采用分层整群随机抽样，选取南通市13所学校，以班级为单位抽取3 437名学生开展健康监测和问卷调查，收集学生社会人口学特征和饮食相关信息。结果青少年近视检出2 522名，近视率73.4%，城区青少年近视检出率(74.1%)高于郊区(72.4%)，且城区的女生近视率(78.2%)高于郊区(73.6%)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示，城区青少年高能食物摄入频次与近视呈正相关(OR=1.50，P < 0.01)，在调整年龄、父母近视、参加课外学习班、户外课间活动等因素后，高能食物摄入频次与近视相关性仍有统计学意义(OR=1.29，P=0.03)；郊区青少年高能食物摄入频次与近视呈正相关(OR=1.35，P=0.02)，在调整了年龄、父母近视、户外课间活动等因素后发现，高能食物摄入频次与近视发生相关性无统计学意义(P=0.60)。结论南通市青少年近视发生与高能食物摄入频次呈正相关。家长、学校及社会应关注青少年近视及高能饮食模式问题，注意引导青少年合理的饮食习惯，多角度防控青少年近视。
- 近视 /
- 摄食行为 /
- 饮食习惯 /
- 回归分析 /
- 青少年
Abstract: Objective To investigate the incidence of juvenile myopia and associated factors in Nantong, to analyze the relationship between food intake and juvenile myopia, so as to provide a reference for preventing and controlling myopia of adolescents. Methods Stratified cluster random sampling was used to select 13 schools in Nantong. A total of 3 437 students were selected for health monitoring and questionnaire survey, and the students' sociodemographic characteristics and diet related information were collected. Results The prevalence of myopia was 73.4%(n=2 522). The myopia rate of urban teenagers(74.1%) was higher than that in suburbs(72.4%), and the myopia rate of urban girls (78.2%)was higher than that of suburban girls(73.6%). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the frequency of high-energy food intake and myopia among urban adolescents (OR=1.50, P < 0.01). After adjusting for covariates, e.g. age, parental myopia, participation in extracurricular classes, outdoor inter-class activities, the frequency of high-energy food intake was significantly positively associated with myopia (OR=1.29, P=0.03). Frequency of high-energy food intake was significantly positively correlated with myopia of suburban adolescents (OR=1.35, P=0.02). The association disappeared after adjusting for above-ment ioned covariates (P=0.60). Conclusion There are differences in the main risk factors affecting the incidence of myopia between urban and suburban adolescents in Nantong. Parents, schools and the society should pay attention to adolescent myopia and high-energy diet mode, pay attention to guide their reasonable eating habits, and prevent and control adolescent myopia from multiple angles.
- Myopia /
- Feeding behavior /
- Food habits /
- Regression analysis /
- Adolescent
注释:

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表 1 不同组别城郊青少年近视率比较

Table 1. Comparison of the myopia rates of different groups of adolescents in urban and suburban areas

组别	选项	城区				郊区
组别	选项	人数	近视人数	χ²值	P值	人数	近视人数	χ²值	P值
性别	男	1 049	738(70.4)	15.84	< 0.01	796	569(71.5)	0.81	0.38
	女	944	738(78.2)	648	477(73.6)
年龄/岁	< 13	645	383(59.4)	120.83	< 0.01	628	373(59.4)	110.11	< 0.01
	13~14	395	293(74.2)	422	323(76.5)
	>14	953	800(83.9)	394	350(88.8)
是否做眼保健操	不做	55	44(80.0)	1.04	0.31	30	25(83.3)	1.82	0.18
	做	1 938	1 432(73.9)	1 414	1 021(72.2)
父母近视	均不近视	994	698(70.2)	16.25	< 0.01	584	381(65.2)	37.15	< 0.01
	父亲近视	354	278(78.5)	258	184(71.3)
	母亲近视	350	266(76.0)	297	225(75.8)
	均近视	295	234(79.3)	305	256(83.9)
每日户外活动时间/h	< 2	1 332	1 003(75.3)	3.22	0.07	994	730(73.4)	1.61	0.20
	≥2	661	473(71.6)	450	316(70.2)
体力活动	低等组	234	181(77.4)	10.36	0.01	185	141(76.2)	14.58	< 0.01
	中等组	1 482	1 111(75.0)	942	702(74.5)
	高等组	277	184(66.4)	317	203(64.0)
每日用眼后休息/h	< 0.5	824	582(70.6)	8.60	0.01	606	407(67.2)	15.53	< 0.01
	0.5~ < 2	916	701(76.5)	647	488(75.4)
	≥2	253	193(76.3)	191	151(79.1)
每日睡眠情况/h	< 8	1 013	824(81.3)	56.88	< 0.01	797	635(80.7)	58.95	< 0.01
	≥8	980	652(66.5)	657	411(62.6)
每日课后作业时长/h	< 1	289	199(68.9)	4.76	0.04	308	226(73.4)	0.17	0.72
	≥1	1 704	1 277(74.9)	1 136	820(72.2)
课间活动区域	教学楼	1 723	1 313(76.2)	30.46	< 0.01	1 173	868(74.0)	7.62	0.01
	户外	270	163(60.4)	271	178(65.7)
参加课外学习班	否	425	291(68.5)	8.78	< 0.01	235	160(68.1)	2.66	0.11
	是	1 568	1 185(75.6)	1 209	886(73.3)
高能食物摄入频次	低	513	346(67.4)	15.72	< 0.01	436	297(68.1)	5.83	0.02
	高	1 480	1 130(76.4)	1 008	749(74.3)
低能食物摄入频次	低	935	736(78.7)	19.89	< 0.01	479	335(69.9)	2.24	0.13
	高	1 058	740(69.9)	965	711(73.7)
注： ()内数字为检出率/%。

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表 2 城区青少年近视与食物摄入频次关系的多因素Logistic回归分析(n=1 993)

Table 2. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis in the association of myopia and frequency of food intake in urban adolescents (n=1 993)

自变量	组别	β值	标准误	Wald χ²值	P值	OR值(OR值95%CI)
模型1
高能食物摄入频次	高	0.41	0.11	12.95	< 0.01	1.50(1.20~1.88)
低能食物摄入频次	高	-0.44	0.11	17.25	< 0.01	0.65(0.53~0.79)
模型2
高能食物摄入频次	高	0.26	0.12	4.59	0.03	1.29(1.02~1.64)
低能食物摄入频次	高	-0.13	0.12	1.12	0.29	0.88(0.70~1.11)
性别	女	0.42	0.11	13.96	< 0.01	1.52(1.22~1.89)
年龄/岁	< 13	-1.20	0.15	61.13	< 0.01	0.30(0.22~0.41)
	13~14	-0.47	0.16	9.00	< 0.01	0.62(0.46~0.85)
父母近视	父亲近视	0.67	0.16	18.06	< 0.01	1.96(1.44~2.66)
	母亲近视	0.39	0.15	6.39	0.01	1.47(1.09~1.99)
	均近视	0.74	0.18	17.77	< 0.01	2.09(1.48~2.95)
每日用眼后休息/h	< 0.5	-0.01	0.18	< 0.01	0.96	0.99(0.70~1.41)
	0.5~ < 2	0.05	0.18	0.06	0.80	1.05(0.74~1.49)
每日睡眠情况/h	< 8	0.18	0.13	1.86	0.17	1.19(0.93~1.54)
课间活动区域	户外	-0.43	0.15	8.34	< 0.01	0.65(0.49~0.87)
体力活动	低等组	0.06	0.22	0.07	0.79	1.06(0.69~1.63)
	中等组	0.17	0.15	1.25	0.26	1.19(0.88~1.60)
参加课外学习班	是	0.27	0.13	4.16	0.04	1.31(1.01~1.70)
每日课后作业时长/h	< 1	-0.10	0.15	0.48	0.49	1.11(0.83~1.30)
注：模型1未调整其他变量；模型2调整了性别、年龄、父母近视、用眼后休息、睡眠、课间活动区域、体力活动、参加课外学习班等变量。

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表 3 郊区青少年近视与食物摄入频次关系的多因素Logistic回归分析(n=1 444)

Table 3. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis in the association of myopia and frequency of food intake in suburban adolescents (n=1 444)

自变量	组别	β值	标准误	Wald χ²值	P值	OR值(OR值95%CI)
模型1
高能食物摄入频次	高	0.30	0.13	5.81	0.02	1.35(1.06~1.73)
模型2
高能食物摄入频次	高	0.07	0.14	0.28	0.60	1.08(0.82~1.41)
年龄/岁	< 13	-1.71	0.23	57.39	< 0.01	0.18(0.12~0.28)
	13~14	-0.82	0.21	15.98	< 0.01	0.44(0.30~0.66)
父母近视	父亲近视	0.50	0.17	8.07	0.01	1.64(1.17~2.31)
	母亲近视	0.77	0.17	20.04	< 0.01	2.17(1.55~3.05)
	均近视	1.32	0.19	47.76	< 0.01	3.74(2.57~5.43)
每日用眼后休息/h	< 0.5	-0.25	0.22	1.34	0.25	0.78(0.51~1.19)
	0.5~ < 2	-0.05	0.22	0.05	0.82	0.95(0.62~1.45)
每日睡眠情况/h	< 8	0.11	0.16	0.45	0.50	1.12(0.81~1.53)
课间活动区域	户外	0.06	0.16	0.16	0.69	1.07(0.78~1.45)
体力活动	低等组	0.20	0.23	0.74	0.39	1.22(0.78~1.90)
	中等组	0.39	0.15	6.57	0.01	1.47(1.10~1.97)
注：模型1未调整其他变量；模型2调整了年龄、父母近视、用眼后休息、睡眠、课间活动区域、体力活动等变量。

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