南阳市12~18岁学生颈椎活动度的年龄变化特点及与颈椎病的关系

王卿; 徐国昌; 徐飞; 刘荣志; 尹金鹏; 黄燕燕

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.04.027

南阳市12~18岁学生颈椎活动度的年龄变化特点及与颈椎病的关系

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.04.027

1.
南阳医学高等专科学校解剖教研室，河南 473000
2.
南阳理工学院人类学研究所
3.
大连医科大学解剖学教研室

基金项目:

河南省高等学校重点科研项目 22B310008

国家自然科学基金项目 31271285

详细信息

作者简介:
王卿(1980-)，男，河南南阳人，副教授，硕士，主要研究方向为人类学

通讯作者:
刘荣志，E-mail：liurongzhi@sina.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: G478 R179 R726.8
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-11-08
- 修回日期: 2022-03-18
- 网络出版日期: 2022-04-25
- 刊出日期: 2022-04-25

Age-related changes in cervical range of motion and its relationship with cervical spondylosis in school students aged 12-18 in Nanyang City

1.
Department of Anatomy, Nanyang Medical College, Nanyang (473000), Henan Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解南阳市12~18岁在校学生颈椎活动度(cervical range of motion, CROM)的年龄变化特点及与颈椎病的关系，为青少年颈椎病的预防、早期诊断及治疗效果的评估提供参考。方法在南阳市采用分层随机整群抽样方法，使用Coda Motion运动分析仪检测890名12~18岁学生的CROM，用SPSS 19.0对数据进行处理。结果南阳市12~18岁男女生CROM总体呈下降趋势。15和18岁组男生颈椎前屈、后伸、左侧屈、右侧屈、左旋和右旋活动度与前一年龄组相比差异均有统计学意义(t_前屈值分别为2.02，2.70；t_后伸值分别2.01，2.81；t_左侧屈值分别为3.51，2.99；t_右侧屈值分别为5.07，2.66；t_左旋值分别为2.28，2.92；t_右旋值分别为2.91，3.60，P值均 < 0.05)；15和18岁组女生与前一年龄组相比差异均有统计学意义(t_前屈值分别为2.38，2.20；t_后伸值分别2.09，2.02；t_左侧屈值分别为2.33，2.55；t_右侧屈值分别为7.34，4.60；t_左旋值分别为3.73，2.35；t_右旋值分别为2.31，3.99，P值均 < 0.05)；除右侧屈外，同年龄组男生CROM均大于女生。颈椎病检出率总体呈增高趋势(男生：χ_趋势²=13.93，女生：χ_趋势²=12.87，P值均 < 0.05)。除14岁外，其他年龄段女生颈椎病检出率均高于男性，15和17岁年龄组性别差异具有统计学意义(χ²值分别为10.35，9.64，P值均 < 0.05)。结论随年龄增长，男女生的CROM整体呈下降趋势，且CROM越小，颈椎病发生率越高。CROM的测量有利于青少年颈椎病的预防、早期诊断及治疗效果。
- 颈椎 /
- 年龄分布 /
- 疾病 /
- 生长和发育 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To investigate the age-related changes in cervical range of motion (CROM) and its relationship with cervical spondylosis in school students aged 12-18 in Nanyang City, to provide reference for prevention, early diagnosis and treatment evaluation of cervical spondylosis. Methods Stratified sampling was adopted in 13 counties and districts of Nanyang City and 890 students aged 12-18 were assessed for CROM using the Coda Motion Analyzer. SPSS 19.0 was used to data analyze. Results A decreasing trend was observed in CROM among boys and girls aged 12-18 years in Nanyang. For boys aged 15 and 18 years old, higher anterior flexion (t=2.02, 2.70), posterior extension (t=2.01, 2.81), left flexion (t=3.51, 2.99), right flexion (t=5.07, 2.66), sinistral (t=2.28, 2.92) and dextral (t=2.91, 3.60) were found compared with younger age groups (P < 0.05). Similar findings were found in girls aged 15-and 18-years old [anterior flexion (t=2.38, 2.20), posterior extension (t=2.09, 2.02), left flexion (t=2.33, 2.55), right flexion (t=7.34, 4.60), sinistral (t=3.73, 2.35) and dextral (t=2.31, 3.99, P < 0.05). Except for the right flexion, the CROM of boys in was higher than that of girls at the same age group. The prevalence of cervical spondylosis showed an increasing trend (boys: χ_trend²=13.93, girls: χ_trend²=12.87, P < 0.05). Except for 14-year-old group, the prevalence of cervical spondylosis in girls was higher than that in boys, with significant differences observed in 15-and 17-year-old groups (χ²=10.35, 9.64, P < 0.05). Conclusion With the increase of age, the CROM of male and female students shows a downward trend in general. The prevalence of cervical spondylosis increases with the decrease of CROM. CROM measurement is conducive to the prevention, early diagnosis and treatment of juvenile cervical spondylosis.
- Cervical vertebrae /
- Age distribution /
- Disease /
- Grow and development /
- Students
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表 1 南阳市12~18岁男女生颈椎前屈和后伸活动度[x±s, (°)]

Table 1. Cervical flexion and extension activity of male and female students aged 12-18 in Nanyang City[x±s, (°)]

年龄	男生							女生
年龄	人数	前屈	后伸	左侧屈	右侧屈	左旋	右旋	人数	前屈	后伸	左侧屈	右侧屈	左旋	右旋
12	39	42.6±5.3	52.5±8.4	39.6±7.7	38.6±9.1	77.7±3.4	78.7±6.4	33	41.9±6.5	52.1±8.7	36.6±1.2	38.1±7.2	76.3±6.7	77.3±8.8
13	86	40.5±4.8^*	50.2±2.1^*	37.9±4.1	37.3±5.1	78.0±8.7	78.1±5.6	65	39.7±4.1^*	49.9±1.2^*	35.3±5.7	37.0±9.5	77.0±6.0	76.6±4.8
14	72	40.6±9.1	50.0±6.5	38.6±1.5	36.7±3.4	77.0±9.4	77.6±5.3	57	39.6±6.7	49.6±7.3	36.1±9.0	38.5±1.1	76.6±4.7	75.0±6.1
15	68	38.3±2.4^*	47.9±5.6^*	36.2±5.6^*	32.6±5.9^*	74.3±2.7^*	75.3±3.9^*	62	37.4±2.8^*	47.3±6.5^*	33.3±2.8^*	36.3±2.0^*	73.2±5.2^*	73.0±2.9^*
16	73	38.8±4.4	47.7±7.4	35.4±7.0	34.4±6.2	76.8±6.3	75.6±8.7	68	37.3±6.9	46.8±8.0	31.7±8.1	35.2±4.4	76.1±7.5	75.1±3.6
17	84	38.4±3.7	47.5±2.9	34.8±4.9	33.7±4.8	75.9±5.8	74.6±5.0	72	37.3±6.3	46.5±7.2	31.6±3.3	33.9±7.5	74.9±6.9	74.2±8.0
18	59	36.3±5.6^*	45.3±6.3^*	32.7±2.7^*	31.4±5.5^*	73.3±4.3^*	70.9±7.3^*	52	35.1±4.1^*	44.3±3.7^*	30.3±1.9^*	29.0±1.9^*	72.1±6.0^*	69.1±5.4^*
注：与前一年龄组相比，*P < 0.05。

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表 2 南阳市12~18岁男女生发生颈椎病的非外伤性相关因素(n=890)

Table 2. Non traumatic related factors of cervical spondylosis in male and female students aged 12-18 in Nanyang City(n=890)

自变量	β值	标准误	P值	OR值(OR值95%CI)
每天体育锻炼不足1 h	0.04	0.01	0.02	1.50(1.31~1.69)
书包超过5 kg且每天背行2 h	0.07	0.03	0.03	1.29(1.02~1.57)
每天伏案学习超过8 h	0.10	0.03	0.01	1.58(1.32~1.81)
坐姿不端正	0.03	0.02	0.02	1.41(1.20~1.62)
每天使用电子产品超过2 h	0.03	0.02	0.02	1.35(1.10~1.61)
枕头高度在8~12 cm以外	0.06	0.03	0.01	1.30(1.12~1.48)
习惯侧卧或俯卧	0.07	0.01	0.04	1.35(1.02~1.69)
颈部经常受凉	0.07	0.03	0.03	1.29(1.02~1.57)
桌椅搭配不合理	0.07	0.04	0.04	1.20(1.02~1.38)
营养不良	0.02	0.01	0.05	1.10(1.00~1.20)

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