内蒙古自治区学生心理健康状况分析

王少君; 张薇; 德力格尔

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.04.023

内蒙古自治区学生心理健康状况分析

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.04.023

1.
内蒙古农业大学人文社会科学学院，呼和浩特 010020
2.
呼伦贝尔市精神卫生中心
3.
内蒙古师范大学体育学院

详细信息

作者简介:
王少君(1967-)，女，内蒙古凉城人，硕士，讲师，主要研究方向为伦理学及学生心理健康教育

通讯作者:
德力格尔，E-mail：deligeer@imnu.edu.cn

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: G444 G478 R179
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-11-02
- 修回日期: 2021-12-25
- 网络出版日期: 2022-04-25
- 刊出日期: 2022-04-25

Analysis of mental health status of students in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

1.
College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot (010020), China

摘要

摘要: 目的分析内蒙古自治区学生心理健康状况，为学校实施心理健康教育工作提供参考依据。方法以参加“2019年全国学生体质与健康调研”的内蒙古7个地级市65所中小学校和4所高校的18 867名9~22岁学生作为调查对象，2019年9—11月实施Kessler10量表(K10)的问卷调查。结果调查对象总体K10平均分值为(21.96±8.67)分，蒙古族学生(22.57±8.59分)高于汉族学生(21.53±8.70分)(t=8.18)；乡村学生(22.42±8.32分)高于城市(21.40±9.05分)(t=8.04)；小学生(19.56±8.61分)低于其他学段，高中生分值最高(23.30±8.75)(F=183.26)(P值均 < 0.01)。调查对象总体中，心理健康良好、一般、较差和差4个等级的构成比分别为25.62%，28.82%，26.44%和19.12%，心理问题检出率为45.57%。不同组别学生心理问题检出率比较结果显示，汉族和蒙古族分别为43.27%和48.85%，城、乡为41.70%和48.80%，男、女生为44.88%和46.26%，小学、初中、高中和大学生分别为33.60%，49.78%，52.85%和47.43%(χ²值分别为101.25，183.44，19.24，803.63，P值均 < 0.01)。多元线性回归分析发现，民族、城乡和学段是K10量表分值的相关因素[B值(B值95%CI)分别为0.78(0.05~1.04)，0.81(0.06~1.06)，0.93(0.08~1.03)，P值均 < 0.05)]。结论内蒙古青少年学生心理健康状况不容乐观。政府、社会、家长和学校应关注学生心理健康软硬件环境建设，加强心理健康教育和服务力度，有效促进学生心理健康发展。
- 精神卫生 /
- 学生 /
- 问卷调查 /
- 回归分析 /
- 少数民族
Abstract: Objective To analyze and evaluate the mental health of students in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, so as to provide a reference for conducting mental health education in schools. Methods A total of 18 867 students aged 9-22 were enrolled from 65 primary and secondary schools and 4 universities in Inner Mongolia that participated in the 2019 National Students' Physical Fitness and Health Survey. From September to November 2019, in conjunction with the national student physical health survey, a questionnaire-survey of the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale(K10) was carried out. Results The K10 average score of the survey subjects was (21.96±8.67). The score of the Mongolian nationality(22.57±8.59) was higher than that of the Han nationality(21.53 ±8.70)(t=8.18), the score of rural area (22.42±8.32) was higher than that of the urban area(21.40±9.05)(t=8.04), the primary-school students had the lowest score (19.56±8.61) and the senior high school students had the highest score(23.30±8.75)(F=183.26)(P < 0.01). In the overall survey subjects, the detection rates of the four levels in good, fair, poor and poor mental health were 25.62%, 28.82%, 26.44% and 19.12%, respectively, and the detection rate of psychological problems was 45.57%. The comparison of the detection rates of mental health problems among attributes showed that the rates of the Han and Mongolian nationalities were 43.27% and 48.85%, respectively(χ²=101.25); the rates of urban and rural areas were 41.70% and 48.80%, respectively(χ²=183.44); the rates of the male and the female were 44.88% and 46.26%, respectively(χ²=19.24)(P < 0.01). The prevalence psychological problems among students in primary-school, junior high school, senior high school and college were 33.60%, 49.78%, 52.85% and 47.43%, respectively(χ²=803.63, P < 0.01). Multiple linear regression showed that the detection of psychological problems of Mongolian nationality, urban area, the female and high school students was relatively high. Nationality, urban or rural areas and school stages were the influencing factors of K10 scores[B(B 95%CI)=0.78(0.05-1.04), 0.81(0.06-1.06), 0.93(0.08-1.03), P < 0.05)]. Conclusion Mental health problems are prevalent in adolescents in Inner Mongolia. The government, society, parents and schools should pay more attention to the construction of the software and hardware environment of students' mental health, strengthen mental health education and services, and effectively promote the development of students' mental health.
- Mental health /
- Students /
- Questionnaires /
- Regression analysis /
- Minority groups
注释:

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表 1 不同组别学生K10分值比较

Table 1. Comparison of K10 average score of different attributes

组别	选项	人数	x±s	t/F值	P值
民族	蒙古族	7 763	22.57±8.59	8.18	< 0.01
	汉族	11 104	21.53±8.70
城乡	乡村	10 270	22.42±8.32	8.04	< 0.01
	城市	8 597	21.40±9.05
性别	男	9 489	21.96±8.89	0.10	0.92
	女	9 378	21.95±8.45
学段	小学	4 979	19.56±8.61	183.26	< 0.01
	初中	4 648	22.62±8.22
	高中	4 199	23.30±8.75
	大学	5 041	22.59±8.62

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表 2 城乡汉族学生各学段K10得分比较

Table 2. Comparison of K10 scores of Han students in urban and rural area

城市	学段	统计值	男		女
城市	学段	统计值	人数	x±s	人数	x±s
城市	小学		802	17.38±7.96	829	18.00±8.47
	初中		673	21.73±9.11	612	21.94±8.42
	高中		664	22.99±9.18	628	23.44±8.79
	大学		787	22.39±9.27	708	22.79±9.47
		F值		63.37		59.20
		P值		< 0.01		< 0.01
乡村	小学		783	20.94±9.02	744	19.88±7.62
	初中		708	22.00±7.56	701	21.78±6.69
	高中		693	23.14±8.70	619	23.22±8.25
	大学		579	22.47±9.29	574	22.50±8.03
		F值		8.39		24.41
		P值		< 0.01		< 0.01

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表 3 城乡蒙古族学生各学段K10得分比较

Table 3. Comparison of K10 scores of Mongolian students in urban and rural area

城乡	学段	统计值	男		女
城乡	学段	统计值	人数	x±s	人数	x±s
城市	小学		439	20.17±9.22	461	20.30±9.27
	初中		354	22.64±9.31	339	23.17±8.08
	高中		308	22.24±8.97	308	23.20±8.79
	大学		357	22.73±8.72	328	21.81±7.95
		F值		7.20		10.10
		P值		< 0.01		< 0.01
乡村	小学		457	21.12±8.75	464	20.44±8.20
	初中		637	24.23±7.97	624	23.98±8.52
	高中		465	24.15±8.92	514	23.78±8.45
	大学		783	22.71±8.27	925	22.84±7.74
		F值		15.21		19.70
		P值		< 0.01		< 0.01

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表 4 不同组别学生心理健康状况分布比较

Table 4. Comparison of distribution of mental health status of students in different groups

组别	选项	人数	良好	一般	较差	差	χ²值	P值
民族	汉族	11 104	3 128(28.17)	3 171(28.56)	2 769(24.94)	2 036(18.34)	101.25	< 0.01
	蒙古族	7 763	1 705(21.96)	2 266(29.19)	2 220(28.60)	1 572(20.25)
城乡	城市	8 597	2 564(29.82)	2 448(28.48)	1 974(22.96)	1 611(18.74)	183.44	< 0.01
	乡村	10 270	2 269(22.09)	2 989(29.10)	3 015(29.36)	1 997(19.44)
性别	男	9 489	2 521(26.57)	2 709(28.55)	2 399(25.28)	1 860(19.60)	19.24	< 0.01
	女	9 378	2 312(24.65)	2 728(29.09)	2 590(27.62)	1 748(18.64)
学段	小学	4 979	1 989(39.95)	1 317(26.45)	930(18.68)	743(14.92)	803.63	< 0.01
	初中	4 648	951(20.46)	1 383(29.75)	1 377(29.63)	937(20.16)
	高中	4 199	798(19.00)	1 182(28.15)	1 319(31.41)	900(21.43)
	大学	5 041	1 095(21.72)	1 555(30.85)	1 363(27.04)	1 028(20.39)
注： ()内数字为构成比/%。

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