四城市中学生新冠肺炎疫苗接种意愿及相关因素分析

王龙; 关梦颖; 李梦龙; 奴比娅·阿马尔江; 帕丽扎提·热哈提; 杨丽萍; 肖惠迪; 加吾兰·祖农; 胡翼飞

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.04.013

四城市中学生新冠肺炎疫苗接种意愿及相关因素分析

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.04.013

首都医科大学公共卫生学院儿少卫生与妇幼保健学系，北京 100069

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 72061137007

详细信息

作者简介:
王龙(1983-)，男，河北省人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为儿童青少年期生长发育及影响因素

通讯作者:
胡翼飞，E-mail：huyifei@yahoo.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R186 G478
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-12-20
- 修回日期: 2022-01-25
- 网络出版日期: 2022-04-25
- 刊出日期: 2022-04-25

Willingness and related factors of COVID-19 vaccination among middle school students in four cities of China

Department of Child, Adolescent Health and Maternal Care, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing (100069), China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解中学生关于新冠肺炎疫苗的接种意愿以及影响因素，为加快中学生新冠肺炎疫苗接种工作的实施提供参考依据。方法采用线上调查的方法对方便抽取的北京、安徽安庆、陕西西安及广东深圳4座城市9 153名初高中学生用自编问卷进行调查。采用单因素分析和多分类Logistic回归分析确定中学生新冠肺炎疫苗接种意愿的相关因素。结果中学生新冠肺炎疫苗接受率为60.05%，疫苗犹豫率为31.59%，疫苗抵抗率为8.36%。疫苗接种意愿在性别、是否住校、学段、地区、周围同学意愿影响、他人想法影响、害怕新冠病毒、新冠病毒感染风险等组间分布的差异均有统计学意义(χ²=8.43~1 059.43，P值均 < 0.05)。多分类Logistic回归分析结果显示，以“疫苗接受”组作为参考，女生、非住校、北京和安徽两地、不同意或不确定受周围同学意愿的影响、不同意或不确定受他人想法的影响、不确定是否害怕新冠病毒、不同意或不确定有新冠病毒感染危险的中学生更容易出现疫苗接种犹豫(OR值分别为1.22，1.21，1.49，1.69，1.75，2.54，1.41，2.32，3.32，1.99，2.38，P值均 < 0.05)。非住校、北京和陕西地区、不同意或不确定受周围同学的影响、不同意或不确定受他人想法的影响、不害怕新冠病毒、不同意或不确定有新冠病毒感染危险的中学生更容易出现疫苗抵抗(OR值分别为1.27，2.29，1.46，3.88，2.37，2.31，1.47，2.14，4.24，1.47，P值均 < 0.05)。结论四城市中学生新冠肺炎疫苗接种意愿较低，应针对上述影响因素采取干预措施，加快疫苗接种工作，建立免疫屏障。
- 冠状病毒属 /
- 疫苗 /
- 接种 /
- 健康促进 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective This study aims to investigate the willingness and influencing factors of COVID-19 vaccination among Chinese middle school students, and to provide a reference for promoting the implementation of COVID-19 vaccination among middle school students. Methods An online survey was conducted among middle school students in Beijing, Anqing of Anhui Province, Xi'an of Shaanxi Province and Shenzhen of Guangdong Province, and 9 153 participants were enrolled in the present study. Single factor analysis and multinomial Logistic regression was used to determine the related factors of COVID-19 vaccination willingness. Results The prevalence of vaccine acceptance, vaccine hesitancy and vaccine refusal among middle school students were 60.05%, 31.59% and 8.36%, respectively. The results of Chi-square analysis showed there were significant difference of COVID-19 vaccination willingness among sex, school residence, grade, region, vaccination willingness of surrounding classmates, vaccination willingness of others, fear of SARS-CoV-2 and risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection(χ²=8.43-1 059.43, P < 0.05). Multinomial Logistic regression analysis presented that, compared to "vaccine acceptance" group, those girls, non-resident in school, living in Beijing or Anqing, disagree or uncertain with influenced by peers, disagree or uncertain with influenced by others, uncertain with fear of SARS-CoV-2, disagree or uncertain with having risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection were more likely to show vaccine hesitancy(OR=1.22, 1.21, 1.49, 1.69, 1.75, 2.54, 1.41, 2.32, 3.32, 1.99, 2.38, P < 0.05). And those non-boarding in school, living in Beijing or Xi'an, disagree or uncertainty influenced by peers, disagree or uncertainty influenced by others, disagree with fear of SARS-CoV-2, disagree or uncertainty in having risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection were more likely to show vaccine refusal (OR=1.27, 2.29, 1.46, 3.88, 2.37, 2.31, 1.47, 2.14, 4.24, 1.47, P < 0.05). Conclusion The willingness of COVID-19 vaccination among middle school students in four cities is low, and targeted interventions should be advocated to form herd immunity.
- Coronavirus /
- Vaccines /
- Vaccination /
- Health promotion /
- Regression analysis /
- Students
注释:

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表 1 不同组别中学生新冠肺炎疫苗接种意愿分布比较

Table 1. Comparison of COVID-19 vaccination willingness of different sociodemographic characteristics among middle school students in four cities

组别	选项	人数	疫苗抵抗	疫苗犹豫	疫苗接受	χ²值	P值
性别	男	4 575	392(8.57)	1 356(29.64)	2 827(61.79)	16.04	< 0.01
	女	4 578	373(8.15)	1 535(33.53)	2 670(58.32)
是否住校	是	1 822	137(7.52)	537(29.47)	1 148(63.01)	8.43	0.01
	否	7 331	628(8.57)	2 354(32.11)	4 349(59.32)
民族	汉族	8 618	722(8.38)	2 716(31.52)	5 180(60.11)	0.36	0.84
	其他	535	43(8.04)	175(32.71)	317(59.25)
学段	初中	5 708	512(8.97)	1 766(30.94)	3 430(60.09)	8.80	0.01
	高中	3 445	253(7.34)	1 125(32.66)	2 067(60.00)
地区	北京	5 000	481(9.62)	1 680(33.60)	2 839(56.78)	81.31	< 0.01
	安徽安庆	278	14(5.04)	105(37.77)	159(57.19)
	广东深圳	1 308	63(4.82)	356(27.22)	889(67.97)
	陕西西安	2 567	207(8.06)	750(29.22)	1 610(62.72)
看到周围同学同意接种疫苗后，我的	同意	5 783	336(5.81)	1 315(22.74)	4 132(71.45)	1 059.42	< 0.01
接种意愿	不确定	2 575	243(9.44)	1 316(51.11)	1 016(39.46)
	不同意	795	186(23.40)	260(32.70)	349(43.90)
当和别人公开讨论疫苗接种，他人	同意	5 246	327(6.23)	1 132(21.58)	3 787(72.19)	1 013.68	< 0.01
会对我的想法有积极的影响	不确定	2 697	210(7.79)	1 392(51.61)	1 095(40.60)
	不同意	1 210	228(18.84)	367(30.33)	615(50.83)
害怕新冠病毒	同意	7 248	507(7.00)	2 010(27.73)	4 731(65.27)	873.57	< 0.01
	不确定	852	39(4.58)	595(69.84)	218(25.59)
	不同意	1 053	219(20.80)	286(27.16)	548(52.04)
有被新冠病毒感染的危险	同意	3 550	166(4.68)	731(20.59)	2 653(74.73)	865.46	< 0.01
	不确定	2 536	117(4.61)	1 215(47.91)	1 204(47.48)
	不同意	3 067	482(15.72)	945(30.81)	1 640(53.47)
注： ()内数字为构成比/%。

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表 2 四城市中学生新冠肺炎疫苗接种意愿相关因素的多分类Logistic回归分析(n=9 153)

Table 2. Multiple Logistic regression analysis of related factors of COVID-19 vaccination willingness among middle school students in four cities(n=9 153)

自变量	选项	疫苗抵抗		疫苗犹豫
自变量	选项	OR值(OR值95%CI)	P值	OR值(OR值95%CI)	P值
性别	男	1.00		1.00
	女	1.01(0.86~1.19)	0.88	1.22(1.11~1.35)	< 0.01
是否住校	是	1.00		1.00
	否	1.27(1.02~1.59)	0.04	1.21(1.06~1.39)	< 0.01
民族	汉族	1.00		1.00
	其他	0.91(0.64~1.29)	0.59	1.01(0.82~1.25)	0.91
学段	初中	1.00		1.00
	高中	0.90(0.74~1.08)	0.26	0.92(0.82~1.03)	0.16
地区	广东深圳	1.00		1.00
	北京	2.29(1.70~3.08)	< 0.01	1.49(1.27~1.75)	< 0.01
	安徽安庆	1.20(0.65~2.24)	0.56	1.69(1.23~2.26)	< 0.01
	陕西西安	1.46(1.06~1.99)	0.02	1.11(0.94~1.32)	0.22
看到周围同学同意接种疫苗后，我的	同意	1.00		1.00
接种意愿是	不确定	2.37(1.95~2.88)	< 0.01	2.54(2.26~2.84)	< 0.01
	不同意	3.88(3.06~4.92)	< 0.01	1.75(1.45~2.12)	< 0.01
当和别人公开讨论疫苗接种，他人	同意	1.00		1.00
会对我的想法有积极的影响	不确定	1.47(1.19~1.80)	< 0.01	2.32(2.07~2.61)	< 0.01
	不同意	2.31(1.87~2.85)	< 0.01	1.41(1.20~1.65)	< 0.01
害怕新型冠状病毒	同意	1.00		1.00
	不确定	1.32(0.92~1.92)	0.14	3.32(2.77~3.97)	< 0.01
	不同意	2.14(1.75~2.62)	< 0.01	1.04(0.88~1.23)	0.63
有被新型冠状病毒感染的危险	同意	1.00		1.00
	不确定	1.47(1.13~1.90)	< 0.01	2.38(2.10~2.71)	< 0.01
	不同意	4.24(3.47~5.18)	< 0.01	1.99(1.75~2.25)	< 0.01

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表 3 不同组别中学生新冠肺炎疫苗接种考虑因素比较

Table 3. Consideration factors of COVID-19 vaccination among middle school students

组别	人数	安全性	有效性	价格	便利	医生推荐
疫苗抵抗	765	680(88.89)	571(74.64)	213(27.84)	208(27.19)	209(27.32)
疫苗犹豫	2 891	2 667(92.25)	2 326(80.46)	1 100(38.05)	999(34.56)	908(31.41)
疫苗接受	5 497	5 169 (94.03)	4 690(85.32)	2 207(40.15)	2 241(40.77)	1 999(36.37)
χ²值		31.50	71.65	43.27	70.20	37.54
P值		< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
注： ()内数字为百分率/%。

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