中国五地中小学校健康教育现状及其需求

姚芳; 黄桥梁; 孔凡龙; 杨海兵

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.04.007

中国五地中小学校健康教育现状及其需求

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.04.007

江苏省苏州市疾病预防控制中心健康教育所，215004

基金项目:

中国疾病预防控制中心2020年度卫生健康标准追踪评价项目 20270419

详细信息

作者简介:
姚芳(1975-)，女，江苏无锡人，硕士，副研究员，主要从事健康教育与健康促进工作

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: G479 R179
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-09-30
- 修回日期: 2022-01-06
- 网络出版日期: 2022-04-25
- 刊出日期: 2022-04-25

Current situation and demand of primary and secondary school health education in five areas across China

Health Education Institute, Suzhou Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Suzhou (215004), Jiangsu Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的调查2020年中国5个地区学校健康教育执行情况及其存在问题，为中小学健康教育相关规范制度的进一步修订和完善提供一定数据和理论支持。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法，选取新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市(1 295名)、海南省海口市(448名)、河北省石家庄市(788名)、四川省成都市(728名)和江苏省苏州市(793名)5个地区的4 052名学生进行网上问卷调查，了解学校健康教育实施和学生健康教育需求情况。结果有89.98%学生使用了统一的健康教育教材，63.50%的学生每周上1次健康教育课。学校健康教育中获得健康知识主要来源、使用统一教材、课时安排、授课教师在地区和学段间差异有统计学意义(χ²值分别为54.98，40.97，590.08，1 061.12；50.70，47.68，356.09，193.30，P值均 < 0.05)。学生健康知识主要来源为学校/教师(92.47%)。健康教育课授课教师主要是班主任(30.03%)。学生感兴趣的健康教育内容在性别、学段间差异均有统计学意义(χ²值分别为20.91，35.90，P值均 < 0.05)，各地区间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。学生希望获取健康知识途径在地区和学段间差异均有统计学意义(χ²值分别为177.29，32.37，P值均 < 0.05)。结论学校健康教育现状良好，但需积极培养高素质健康教育教师队伍；同时各地应根据自身实际和学生需求，开展有针对性的健康教育活动，提高学生健康素养水平。
- 健康教育 /
- 卫生服务需求 /
- 卫生计划实施 /
- 学生保健服务
Abstract: Objective To understand the current situation and demand school health education in five areas across China, and to provide theoretical support for further revision and improvement on school health education. Methods Stratified multi-stage cluster sampling was adopted. A total of 4 052 students were selected from five areas across China [Urumqi(n=1 295), Haikou City(n=448), Shijiazhuang City(n=788), Chengdu City(n=728), Suzhou City(n=793)]. Online questionnaire survey was conducted by questionnair star. Results About 89.98% of the students used the use of uniform teaching materials, and 63.50% attended the health education classes once a week. The main sources of health knowledge, the use of uniform teaching materials, class schedule and the difference of teachers in different regions and periods were statistically significant (χ²=54.98, 40.97, 590.08, 1 061.12;50.70, 47.68, 356.09, 193.30, P < 0.05). The main source of health knowledge was from school/teachers(92.47%). Most health education teachers were classroom teachers(30.03%). Content of health education that students were interested in varied by gender and grade (χ²=20.91, 35.90, P < 0.05), but not by area (P>0.05). Demand for health knowledge of students varied by area and grade (χ²=177.29, 32.37, P < 0.05). Conclusion The status quo of health education in schools is good. Further attention should be paid to cultivate high-quality health education teachers and provide targeted health education activities according to students' demand, and ultimately improving health literacy among students.
- Health education /
- Health services needs and demand /
- Health plan implementation /
- Student health services
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表 1 不同人口统计学特征学生学校健康教育情况报告率比较/%

Table 1. Comparison of report rate of school health education among students with different demographic characteristics/%

人口统计学指标		人数	统计值	获得健康知识主要来源						使用统一教材	课时安排					授课教师
人口统计学指标		人数	统计值	父母和家人	学校/教师	媒体	同学和朋友	社会人员	其他	使用统一教材	每周1次	每2周1次	每月1次	经常被挤占	从来不上	校医	保健教师	体育教师	班主任	其他	没有教师
地区	苏州	793		80.20	91.30	68.60	39.60	13.75	0.50	90.67	38.08	29.51	14.50	5.30	12.61	23.46	21.94	6.31	24.97	11.22	12.11
	成都	728		87.64	97.25	71.15	47.66	14.15	1.65	95.19	77.47	8.24	6.04	1.10	7.14	12.77	12.64	18.96	36.95	12.77	5.91
	海口	448		79.69	91.74	52.46	45.98	11.38	1.12	91.74	68.97	6.70	6.92	3.13	14.29	8.93	5.58	12.05	52.68	7.37	13.39
	石家庄	788		83.12	89.09	66.37	46.07	20.81	0.51	86.04	50.00	17.26	10.41	1.78	20.56	9.14	9.52	9.52	46.07	4.95	20.81
	乌鲁木齐	1 295		85.56	92.82	60.77	46.49	18.84	0.62	88.42	77.53	13.28	2.70	2.08	4.40	17.84	30.97	6.18	11.66	29.03	4.32
		χ²值	54.98						40.97	590.08						1 061.12
		P值	< 0.01						< 0.01	< 0.01						< 0.01
性别	男	1 952		82.27	91.75	63.42	43.03	17.47	0.97	90.22	64.04	15.27	7.58	2.31	10.81	16.50	19.06	9.48	28.48	15.52	10.96
	女	2 100		85.14	93.14	65.19	47.24	15.71	0.67	89.76	63.00	15.90	7.57	2.86	10.67	14.29	18.81	10.10	31.48	15.57	9.76
		χ²值	6.48						0.23	1.64						8.08
		P值	0.26						0.63	0.80						0.15
学段	小学	1 015		85.91	94.19	61.77	40.39	20.69	1.38	94.29	63.35	23.15	5.42	1.67	6.40	12.71	21.67	6.40	34.48	18.72	6.01
	初中	1 604		84.10	93.14	59.79	44.08	13.72	0.81	90.84	76.68	7.79	5.49	2.93	7.11	14.90	17.77	11.85	30.74	18.02	6.73
	高中	1 433		81.86	90.51	71.25	49.90	16.82	0.42	85.97	48.85	18.98	11.44	2.86	17.86	17.73	18.28	9.91	26.10	10.54	17.45
		χ²值	50.70						47.68	356.09						193.30
		P值	< 0.01						< 0.01	< 0.01						< 0.01
合计		4 052		83.76	92.47	64.34	45.21	16.56	0.81	89.98	63.50	15.60	7.58	2.59	10.74	15.35	18.93	9.80	30.03	15.55	10.34

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表 2 不同人口统计学特征学生健康教育需求报告率比较/%

Table 2. Comparison of reporting rate of health education needs of students with different demographic characteristics/%

人口统计学指标		人数	学生感兴趣的健康教育内容											学生希望获取健康知识的途径
人口统计学指标		人数	健康行为与生活方式	疾病预防	安全应急与避险	心理健康	生长发育与青春期保健	环境保护	网络成瘾	癌症预防	烟草、酒精、毒品滥用	暴力与伤害预防	其他	健康教育课	专题讲座	海报/黑板报/宣传栏等	学校网站/微博/微信公众号	健康知识竞赛/征文等活动	晨会/班会	其他
地区	苏州	793	74.15	59.27	60.15	72.26	55.49	44.26	37.70	33.80	34.30	37.58	0.38	76.04	64.44	51.20	37.07	33.17	37.45	1.01
	成都	728	81.87	69.23	70.60	80.63	71.70	55.08	46.57	40.93	39.01	47.39	0.27	82.28	67.17	67.17	48.21	52.06	57.14	0.55
	海口	448	76.34	59.15	58.04	68.30	59.38	43.75	33.93	32.14	32.37	37.28	0.89	76.56	51.12	45.98	37.72	36.83	47.32	0.67
	石家庄	788	72.97	60.15	60.91	74.75	57.36	43.40	31.98	27.66	26.65	36.17	0.63	71.07	50.51	54.19	41.24	35.66	46.70	0.51
	乌鲁木齐	1 295	77.22	62.93	63.01	79.38	60.77	52.05	36.83	30.04	30.27	37.07	0.31	85.17	59.85	55.68	40.77	45.64	54.21	0.69
性别	男	1 952	75.10	62.24	63.37	70.70	56.61	47.85	38.17	31.25	32.89	37.35	0.46	79.76	56.92	53.02	40.01	41.34	48.16	0.82
	女	2 100	77.86	62.52	62.38	81.10	64.86	49.05	36.86	33.67	31.48	40.29	0.43	78.62	61.48	57.81	42.19	41.52	50.24	0.57
学段	小学	1 015	78.82	66.80	68.37	72.91	60.89	54.48	37.83	30.84	33.40	42.07	0.59	83.84	63.05	59.80	44.53	47.29	52.91	0.89
	初中	1 604	76.50	61.60	63.84	77.49	63.22	46.88	37.66	30.86	30.67	37.53	0.25	80.49	57.11	55.99	39.40	43.45	53.24	0.56
	高中	1 433	74.95	60.15	57.85	76.76	58.27	45.99	37.06	35.52	32.94	38.10	0.56	74.39	59.04	51.92	40.68	35.03	42.15	0.70
合计		4 052	76.53	62.39	62.86	76.09	60.88	48.47	37.49	32.50	32.16	38.87	0.44	79.17	59.28	55.50	41.14	41.44	49.23	0.69

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