中国儿童青少年体力活动年龄性别和地区特征

吴慧攀; 张明; 尹小俭; 李佳威; 邓婷; 张祥; 王进贤; 康栩烨

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.04.004

中国儿童青少年体力活动年龄性别和地区特征

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.04.004

吴慧攀¹,
张明^2, ,,
尹小俭^{3, 4},
李佳威⁵,
邓婷⁵,
张祥⁵,
王进贤⁵,
康栩烨⁶

1.
太原工业学院儿童青少年健康促进研究中心，山西 030008
2.
昌吉学院体育系
3.
上海应用技术大学经济与管理学院
4.
华东师范大学体育与健康学院
5.
太原工业学院体育系
6.
山西大学体育学院

基金项目:

上海市教育科学研究2021年度课题项目 C2021149

山西省哲学社会科学2021年度规划课题项目 2021YJ121

详细信息

作者简介:
吴慧攀(1983-)，男，山西长治人，博士，副教授，主要研究方向为青少年健康促进

通讯作者:
张明，E-mail：1311358815@qq.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: G806 R179
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-09-30
- 修回日期: 2021-11-02
- 网络出版日期: 2022-04-25
- 刊出日期: 2022-04-25

Physical activity of Chinese children and adolescents: age, gender and regional characteristics

1.
Research Center for Health Promotion of Children and Adolescents, Taiyuan Institute of Technology, Taiyuan (030008), China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解中国儿童青少年体力活动的年龄、性别和地区差异，为提高中国儿童青少年体力活动水平提供科学参考。方法依照中国行政区域划分的六大行政区(华东、西北、华北、华中、西南和华南)，于2018年9—12月分别采用分层随机整群抽样法抽取4 269名7~18岁儿童青少年，采用“中国7~18岁儿童青少年体力活动水平评价问卷”进行体力活动调查。结果中国儿童青少年中高强度体力活动(MVPA)不足总体检出率为53.8%，其中男生检出率为50.8%，女生为57.1%，差异有统计学意义(χ²=17.10，P < 0.05)；不同年龄段中，10~12岁MVPA不足检出率最低(43.6%)，16~18岁最高(63.0%)，性别间差异均有统计学意义(χ²值分别为4.33，30.79，P < 0.05)。总体体力活动、低强度体力活动、中强度体力活动、高强度体力活动、中高强度体力活动时间的中位数分别为92.9，24.3，41.4，7.1，55.7 min/d。体育锻炼、家务活动、娱乐活动和交通活动的中位数分别为34.3，2.1，2.3，30.0 min/d，年龄段差异均有统计学意义(H值分别为95.03，74.99，300.26，64.16，P值均 < 0.05)。不同地区儿童青少年MVPA不足检出率差异有统计学意义(χ²=83.91，P < 0.05)，华北地区最低(44.0%)，华东地区最高(65.9%)。结论中国儿童青少年MVPA不足检出率随年龄增长呈先下降后升高趋势，男生体力活动水平高于女生。
- 运动活动 /
- 年龄因素 /
- 性别因素 /
- 儿童 /
- 青少年
Abstract: Objective To explore age, gender, and regional differences in physical activity among children and adolescents in China, and to provide a scientific reference for enhancing physical activity promotion. Methods A total of 4 269 children and adolescents aged 7 to 18 years were selected from six administrative regions of China (East China, Northwest China, North China, Central China, Southwest China and South China) using a stratified random cluster sampling method from September to December 2018.A questionnaire was administered to evaluate the physical activity level of Chinese children and adolescents aged 7 to 18. Results The overall detection rate of MVPA insufficiency in children and adolescents in China was 53.8%, of which the detection rate of MVPA insufficiency was 50.8% among boys and 57.1% among girls.Gender differences were statistically significant (χ²=17.10, P < 0.05).Among the different age groups, the lowest detection rate of MVPA among 10-12 year olds was 43.6%, whereas the highest rate among 16-18 year olds was 63.0%, with significant differences between gender (χ²=4.33, 30.79, P < 0.05).The P₅₀ values of total physical activity (TPA), light-intensity physical activity (LPA), moderate intensity physical activity (MPA), vigorous-intensity physical activity (VPA), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were 92.9, 24.3, 41.4, 7.1 and 55.7 min/d, respectively.The P₅₀ values of physical exercise, housework activities, entertainment activities and transportation activities were 34.3, 2.1, 2.3 and 30.0 min/d, respectively, and the difference in age groups was statistically significant (H=95.03, 74.99, 300.26, 64.16, P < 0.05).There was a statistically significant difference in the detection rate of insufficient MVPA among children and adolescents in different regions (χ²=83.91, P < 0.05).The lowest rate was 44.0% in North China, and the highest was 65.9% in East China. Conclusion The detection rate of MVPA insufficiency among Chinese children and adolescents firstly decreased and then increased with age.Boys participated in higher levels of physical activity than girls.
- Motor activity /
- Age factors /
- Sex factors /
- Child /
- Adolescent
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

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表 1 各年龄组不同性别儿童青少年MVPA不足检出率比较

Table 1. Comparison of detection rate of MVPA among children and adolescents in different gender and different age groups

年龄/岁	性别	人数	MVPA不足人数	χ²值	P值
7~9	男	570	332(58.2)	0.19	0.67
	女	525	299(57.0)
	小计	1 095	631(57.6)
10~12	男	529	214(40.5)	4.33	0.04
	女	488	229(46.9)
	小计	1 017	443(43.6)
13~15	男	559	269(48.1)	3.21	0.07
	女	561	300(53.5)
	小计	1 120	569(50.8)
16~18	男	570	316(55.4)	30.79	< 0.01
	女	467	337(72.2)
	小计	1 037	653(63.0)
合计	男	2 228	1 131(50.8)	17.10	< 0.01
	女	2 041	1 165(57.1)
	总计	4 269	2 296(53.8)
注：()内数字为检出率/%。

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表 2 各年龄组不同性别儿童青少年体力活动强度时间比较[min/d, M(P₂₅, P₇₅)]

Table 2. Comparison of physical activity intensity time among children and adolescents in different gender and different age groups[min/d, M(P₂₅, P₇₅)]

年龄/岁	性别	人数	统计值	TPA	LPA	MPA	VPA	MVPA
7~9	男	570		85.7(49.8, 125.7)	21.4(3.1, 51.4)	35.7(16.9, 65.9)	5.7(0, 24.3)	48.6(28.1, 85.5)
	女	525		88.6(49.3, 132.3)	23.6(2.6, 53.6)	42.1(22.9, 74.3)	4.3(0, 14.2)	53.6(26.9, 90.0)
	小计	1 095		87.1(49.3, 128.6)	21.4(2.9, 51.4)	38.6(20.0, 70.6)	5.0(0, 18.6)	50.7(27.1, 87.9)
			Z值	-1.13	-0.55	-2.73	-3.03	-0.80
			P值	0.26	0.58	0.01	< 0.01	0.43
10~12	男	529		108.6(66.7, 151.1)	22.9(3.6, 52.5)	49.3(25.0, 83.7)	14.3(0, 35.7)	75.0(38.1, 113.4)
	女	488		100.2(63.6, 147.0)	23.4(4.3, 51.6)	49.5(29.8, 84.8)	8.6(0, 21.4)	64.9(39.3, 105.7)
	小计	1 017		105.3(65.1, 150.1)	22.9(3.6, 52.1)	49.3(27.1, 84.3)	10.0(0, 28.4)	70.0(38.8.109.3)
			Z值	-1.42	-0.30	-0.84	-4.88	-1.77
			P值	0.16	0.76	0.40	< 0.01	0.08
13~15	男	559		103.4(65.7, 142.9)	27.1(7.1, 59.3)	43.6(25.7, 74.3)	10.7(0, 28.6)	61.4(36.4, 100.7)
	女	561		97.9(61.4, 137.4)	30.0(11.4, 60.0)	45.7(25.9, 77.1)	4.6(0, 15.7)	55.0(32.7, 91.1)
	小计	1 120		100.9(63.9, 139.2)	28.9(10.0, 60.0)	45.0(25.7, 75.8)	7.1(0, 22.1)	59.1(34.3, 94.9)
			Z值	-1.20	-2.02	-0.80	-5.32	-2.46
			P值	0.23	0.04	0.42	< 0.01	0.01
16~18	男	570		84.3(49.3, 126.3)	21.4(2.9, 52.3)	33.4(18.6, 60.7)	12.9(0, 30.0)	52.4(30.7, 85.9)
	女	467		72.1(45.7, 107.1)	25.7(5.0, 54.3)	31.3(15.7, 51.4)	2.9(0, 14.3)	39.3(21.6, 63.1)
	小计	1 037		78.6(47.9, 116.7)	22.6(4.3, 53.4)	32.1(16.4, 57.1)	7.1(0, 25.0)	45.7(26.6, 77.1)
			Z值	-3.12	-1.71	-2.30	-6.92	-5.96
			P值	< 0.01	0.09	0.02	< 0.01	< 0.01
合计	男	2 228		94.6(55.0, 137.8)	22.5(4.3, 53.6)	40.0(21.4, 71.4)	10.0(0, 30.0)	59.3(33.6, 96.9)
	女	2 041		90.0(54.9, 132.1)	25.7(5.7, 57.1)	42.3(22.6, 72.6)	4.3(0, 17.1)	52.1(29.3, 88.6)
	总计	4 269		92.9(55.0, 135.0)	24.3(5.0, 54.9)	41.4(21.4, 71.4)	7.1(0, 22.9)	55.7(31.4, 92.9)
			Z值	-1.91	-2.43	-1.48	-9.98	-4.02
			P值	0.06	0.02	0.14	< 0.01	< 0.01

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表 3 不同年龄段儿童青少年不同性别体力活动项目类型比较[min/d, M(P₂₅, P₇₅)]

Table 3. Comparison of physical activity type time among children and adolescents in different gender and different age groups[min/d, M(P₂₅, P₇₅)]

年龄段/岁	性别	人数	统计值	体育锻炼	家务活动	娱乐活动	交通活动
7~9	男	570		28.1(14.3, 53.0)	0(0, 4.3)	5.7(0, 22.6)	23.6(8.6, 51.7)
	女	525		30.7(14.8, 58.6)	1.4(0, 7.1)	8.6(0, 23.6)	23.0(5.5, 54.3)
	小计	1 095		29.3(14.3, 55.0)	0(0, 5.7)	7.1(0, 23.1)	23.6(6.3, 53.0)
			Z值	-1.11	-3.68	-1.50	-0.71
			P值	0.27	< 0.01	0.13	0.48
10~12	男	529		45.1(22.9, 79.3)	1.4(0, 7.1)	5.7(0, 21.4)	28.6(8.6, 60.0)
	女	488		36.9(21.3, 60.0)	3.6(0, 8.6)	7.1(0, 22.9)	27.1(8.6, 63.6)
	小计	1 017		39.3(21.6, 71.4)	2.9(0, 8.6)	6.4(0, 21.8)	27.7(8.6, 61.4)
			Z值	-3.44	-3.65	-1.65	-0.01
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.10	0.99
13~15	男	559		42.3(25.7, 70.0)	2.9(0, 8.6)	1.4(0, 12.1)	39.3(16.4, 64.3)
	女	561		34.4(19.2, 56.8)	4.3(0, 10.7)	4.3(0, 15.7)	36.9(17.1, 65.7)
	小计	1 120		38.4(22.1, 63.9)	3.6(0, 10.0)	2.9(0, 14.3)	38.2(17.1, 65.0)
			Z值	-4.39	-4.66	-3.02	-0.24
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.81
16~18	男	570		36.4(20.7, 62.1)	1.9(0, 6.4)	0(0, 2.1)	30.0(10.5, 61.4)
	女	467		23.6(12.9, 37.9)	2.9(0, 7.9)	0(0, 7.1)	32.9(14.9, 60.0)
	小计	1 037		30.7(16.4, 50.7)	2.3(0, 7.1)	0(0, 4.3)	30.7(12.4, 61.1)
			Z值	-8.44	-1.97	-4.26	-0.88
			P值	< 0.01	0.05	< 0.01	0.38
合计	男	2 228		37.9(20.7, 67.1)	1.4(0, 6.4)	0(0, 14.3)	30.0(10.7, 61.4)
	女	2 041		31.4(16.4, 52.9)	2.9(0, 8.6)	4.1(0, 17.1)	30.0(11.4, 62.9)
	总计	4 269		34.3(18.6, 60.0)	2.1(0, 8.0)	2.3(0, 17.1)	30.0(11.2, 62.1)
			Z值	-6.86	-7.11	-5.35	-0.45
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.65

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表 4 不同地区儿童青少年体力活动不足检出率比较

Table 4. Comparison of physical activity detection rate among children and adolescents in different areas

地区	男生		女生		合计
地区	人数	检出人数	人数	检出人数	人数	检出人数
华东	313	191(61.0)	329	232(70.5)	642	423(65.9)
西北	316	162(51.3)	281	153(54.4)	597	315(52.8)
华北	327	139(42.5)	352	160(45.5)	679	299(44.0)
华中	418	234(56.0)	272	180(66.2)	690	414(60.0)
西南	558	270(48.4)	541	307(56.7)	1 099	577(52.5)
华南	296	135(45.6)	266	133(50.0)	562	268(47.7)
χ²值		31.09		59.11		83.91
P值		< 0.01		< 0.01		< 0.01
注：()内数字为检出率/%。

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表 5 不同地区儿童青少年体力活动项目类型时长比较[min/d, M(P₂₅, P₇₅)]

Table 5. Comparison of the types of physical activity among children and adolescent in different areas[min/d, M(P₂₅, P₇₅)]

地区	人数	体育锻炼	家务活动	娱乐活动	交通活动
华东	642	29.4(13.6, 50.0)	0(0, 4.3)	0(0, 5.9)	14.3(1.4, 34.3)
西北	597	31.4(12.9, 61.9)	5.7(0, 13.2)	5.7(0, 20.7)	22.9(10.0, 42.9)
华北	679	33.0(19.3, 64.3)	2.6(0, 8.6)	8.6(0, 20.0)	50.0(22.9, 75.0)
华中	690	33.6(21.5, 51.1)	0(0, 5.7)	0(0, 12.9)	39.1(12.9, 67.1)
西南	1 099	35.7(20.4, 58.6)	2.4(0, 7.9)	1.4(0, 12.9)	40.7(14.3, 69.3)
华南	562	45.7(22.1, 83.0)	2.9(0, 7.1)	7.8(0, 22.3)	22.9(11.3, 38.6)
H值		90.50	235.36	215.53	412.37
P值		< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01

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