中国儿童青少年体力活动与社会经济状况的相关性

陈军; 袁勇; 尹小俭; 吴慧攀; 侯宇欣; 张祥; 李佳威; 康栩烨

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.04.003

中国儿童青少年体力活动与社会经济状况的相关性

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.04.003

陈军¹,
袁勇²,
尹小俭^{3, 4, ,},
吴慧攀⁵,
侯宇欣⁶,
张祥⁷,
李佳威⁷,
康栩烨⁶

1.
上海应用技术大学体育教育部，上海 201418
2.
上海理工大学体育教学部
3.
上海应用技术大学经济与管理学院
4.
华东师范大学体育与健康学院
5.
太原工业学院儿童青少年健康促进研究中心
6.
山西大学体育学院
7.
太原工业学院体育系

基金项目:

上海市哲学社会科学2020年度规划课题项目 2020BTY 001

详细信息

作者简介:
陈军(1980-)，男，安徽淮北人，硕士，讲师，主要研究方向为体育健康教育

通讯作者:
尹小俭，E-mail：xjyin1965@163.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: G806 R179 G478
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-09-07
- 修回日期: 2021-10-10
- 网络出版日期: 2022-04-25
- 刊出日期: 2022-04-25

Correlation between children and adolescents physical activity and socioeconomic status in China

CHEN Jun¹,
YUAN Yong²,
YIN Xiaojian^{3, 4
, ,},
WU Huipan⁵,
HOU Yuxin⁶,
ZHANG Xiang⁷,
LI Jiawei⁷,
KANG Xuye⁶

1.
Physical Education Department Shanghai University of Technology, Shanghai (201418), China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解中国儿童青少年体力活动(physical activity，PA)与社会经济状况(socioeconomic status，SES)的相关性，为针对性改善中国儿童青少年的体力活动水平提供理论依据。方法采取分层随机整群抽样方法，于2018年9—12月在中国6座城市共选取4 269名7~18岁儿童青少年作为研究对象，采用“中国7~18岁儿童青少年体力活动水平评价问卷”对被试进行PA与SES状况的调查，同时进行身高、体重的测量。结果在不同强度PA方面，低SES组在低强度体力活动(LPA)、中等强度体力活动(MPA)、中高强度体力活动(MVPA)、总体力活动(TPA)上的时间分别为28.5(6.9，57.1)、46.2(25.7，79.2)、61.4(34.3，101.9)及102.9(65.0，145.8)min/d，均高于中SES组[21.4(4.3，50.7)、37.1(18.6，65.7)、50.3(27.1，86.8)、85.7(49.3，127.1)min/d]、高SES组[24.3(5.0，54.3)、40.0(21.4，69.1)、54.3(32.9，91.4)、89.6(55.7，132.9)min/d](P值均 < 0.01)；在不同类型PA方面，低SES组的交通类PA[40.0(15.0，68.6)min/d]与娱乐类PA[4.3(0，17.1)min/d]时间最长，高SES组的运动类PA[36.4(20.7，60.7)min/d]时间最长，差异均有统计学意义(P值均 < 0.01)；在MVPA达标率上，低、中、高SES组分别为51.1%，42.5%和45.2%，差异有统计学意义(χ²=22.02，P < 0.05)；控制混杂因素后，低SES组的MVPA达标率是高SES组的1.24倍(P < 0.01)。结论 SES处于中等水平的儿童青少年的MVPA及TPA时长最低；低SES组交通类及娱乐类PA时长较长，而高SES组运动类PA时长较长。
- 运动活动 /
- 社会经济因素 /
- 回归分析 /
- 儿童 /
- 青少年
Abstract: Objective To understand the correlation between physical activity (PA) and socioeconomic status (SES) among Chinese children and adolescents, and to provide theoretical basis for physical activity promotion for Chinese children and adolescents. Methods By using stratified random cluster sampling, a total of 4 269 children and adolescents aged 7 to 18 were selected from six cities in China from September to December 2018. Physical Activity Level Evaluation Questionnaire of Chinese Children and Adolescents Aged 7 to 18 was used to investigate PA and SES, and the height and weight were measured. Results In terms of different intensity of PA, the time spent on light-intensity physical activity(LPA), moderate-intensity physical activity(MPA), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA)and total physical activity(TPA) in low SES group was 28.5(6.9, 57.1) min/d, 46.2(25.7, 79.2) min/d, 61.4(34.3, 101.9) min/d and 102.9(65.0, 145.8)min/d respectively, which was higher than that in middle SES groups [21.4 (4.3, 50.7), 37.1(18.6, 65.7), 50.3(27.1, 86.8), 85.7(49.3, 127.1) min/d] and high SES groups [24.3(5.0, 54.3), 40.0(21.4, 69.1), 54.3(32.9, 91.4), 89.6(55.7, 132.9) min/d](P < 0.01). In terms of different types of PA, the traffic PA [40.0(15.0, 68.6) min/d] and entertainment PA[4.3(0, 17.1)min/d] accounted the highest proportion in low SES group, while sports PA [36.4(20.7, 60.7) min/d] accounted the highest proportion in high SES group(P < 0.01).The compliance rates of MVPA in low, middle and high SES groups were 51.1%, 42.5% and 45.2%, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant (χ²=22.02, P < 0.05). After controlling for confounding factors, the detection rate of MVPA in the low SES group was 1.24 times higher than that in the high SES group (P < 0.01). Conclusion The MVPA and TPA time of children and adolescents with middle SES group were the lowest. Physical activities spent on traffic and entertainment account highest in low SES group, while physical activities spent on sports account highest in high SES group.
- Motor activity /
- Socioeconomic factors /
- Regression analysis /
- Child /
- Adolescent
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表 1 不同性别儿童青少年在SES、营养状况、睡眠状况上的分布比较

Table 1. Comparison of distribution on SES, nutritional status and sleep status in children and adolescents by gender

性别	人数	SES组别			营养状况				睡眠状况
性别	人数	低	中	高	消瘦	正常	超重	肥胖	达标	不达标
男	2 228	722(32.4)	787(35.3)	719(32.3)	128(5.7)	1 580(70.9)	355(15.9)	165(7.4)	1 737(78.0)	491(22.0)
女	2 041	686(33.6)	663(32.5)	692(33.9)	81(4.0)	1 745(85.5)	178(8.7)	37(1.8)	1 660(81.3)	381(18.7)
合计	4 269	1 408(33.0)	1 450(34.0)	1 411(33.1)	209(4.9)	3 325(77.9)	533(12.5)	202(4.7)	3 397(79.6)	872(20.4)
χ²值		3.86			150.74				7.44
P值		0.15			< 0.01				0.01
注：()内数字为构成比/%。

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表 2 不同SES组别儿童青少年各强度PA时间比较[M(P₂₅，P₇₅)，min/d]

Table 2. Comparison of different intensity PA of children and adolescents in different SES groups[M(P₂₅, P₇₅), min/d]

性别	SES组别	人数	统计值	LPA	MPA	VPA	MVPA	TPA
男	低	722		25.7(4.3，57.1)	45.7(24.3，77.1)	10.0(0，28.6)	65.6(34.3，104.8)	103.1(63.7，146.9)
	中	787		21.4(4.3，50.0)	37.9(18.6，66.7)	7.7(0，28.6)	55.7(30.0，92.9)	88.6(51.4，129.3)
	高	719		21.4(4.3，53.6)	38.6(21.4，68.6)	12.9(0，33.6)	58.6(35.0，92.9)	92.9(57.1，137.1)
			H值	5.93	18.54	13.79	13.71	21.13
			P值	0.05	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
女	低	686		30.2(8.6，59.5)	47.1(27.7，81.4)	5.3(0，17.1)	58.9(35.6，97.1)	101.3(66.4，145.2)
	中	663		21.4(4.3，51.4)	37.1(18.6，62.9)	3.6(0，15.9)	45.7(24.3，80.0)	81.4(47.1，123.6)
	高	692		25.7(5.7，55.7)	42.9(21.5，70.7)	5.7(0，17.1)	52.1(29.4，88.2)	86.0(53.8，128.7)
			H值	12.16	34.50	2.70	29.84	35.82
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.26	< 0.01	< 0.01
合计	低	1 408		28.5(6.9，57.1)	46.2(25.7，79.2)	7.1(0，22.9)	61.4(34.3，101.9)	102.9(65.0，145.8)
	中	1 450		21.4(4.3，50.7)	37.1(18.6，65.7)	5.7(0，22.1)	50.3(27.1，86.8)	85.7(49.3，127.1)
	高	1 411		24.3(5.0，54.3)	40.0(21.4，69.1)	8.6(0，25.7)	54.3(32.9，91.4)	89.6(55.7，132.9)
			H值	17.82	51.27	11.69	39.67	54.42
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01

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表 3 不同性别儿童青少年各社会经济状况组不同类型PA时间比较[M(P₂₅，P₇₅)，min/d]

Table 3. Comparison of different types of PA in children and adolescents in different SES groups by gender[M(P₂₅, P₇₅), min/d]

性别	SES组别	人数	统计值	交通类PA	娱乐类PA	家务类PA	运动类PA
男	低	722		38.6(14.3，67.1)	2.1(0，14.4)	1.4(0，7.1)	37.1(20.0，69.3)
	中	787		26.9(8.6，55.0)	0(0，14.3)	1.0(0，6.4)	35.7(19.3，63.6)
	高	719		27.1(10.7，59.3)	0(0，14.3)	1.4(0，6.4)	40.7(22.9，67.1)
			H值	33.56	5.21	1.26	8.42
			P值	< 0.01	0.07	0.53	0.02
女	低	686		41.1(15.8，70.0)	5.7(0，20.0)	4.3(0，10.0)	31.4(17.1，53.6)
	中	663		27.1(8.6，57.1)	2.1(0，17.1)	2.1(0，7.9)	29.3(14.3，50.7)
	高	692		26.4(9.1，54.8)	3.6(0，17.1)	2.9(0，8.6)	33.8(18.7，54.3)
			H值	47.69	14.29	17.87	13.76
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
合计	低	1 408		40.0(15.0，68.6)	4.3(0，17.1)	2.9(0，8.6)	34.3(18.6，62.1)
	中	1 450		27.1(8.6，57.1)	0.1(0，15.7)	1.4(0，7.1)	32.1(16.0，58.6)
	高	1 411		27.1(9.6，55.7)	1.7(0，15.7)	2.9(0，8.6)	36.4(20.7，60.7)
			H值	79.16	18.25	15.35	19.95
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01

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表 4 儿童青少年MVPA达标率的Logistic回归分析(n=4 269)

Table 4. Logistic regression analysis of MVPA standard detection rate in children and adolescents(n=4 269)

模型	自变量		β值	OR值(OR值95%CI)	P值
1	SES	低	0.24	1.26(1.09~1.47)	< 0.01
		中	-0.11	0.90(0.77~1.04)	0.14
2	SES	低	0.22	1.24(1.07~1.44)	< 0.01
		中	-0.14	0.87(0.75~1.01)	0.07

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