Analysis of typical parameters of air quality in Chinese colleges
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摘要:
目的 分析中国校园空气质量现状及研究发展动态, 为采取有效手段改善校园环境提供参考。 方法 选取中国知网1980—2020年间的文献, 提取与校园空气质量相关的关键词, 应用CiteSpace软件进行分析。选取微生物、甲醛和苯作为研究对象, 对200篇文献的数据进行不同功能区的分类及整理。 结果 中国校园空气质量的研究从2004年开始呈逐年稳定增长态势。聚类分析显示, 室内空气、PM2.5、苯系物为研究热点。中国校园环境空气微生物的量以细菌为主(2 309.31 cfu/m3), 不同功能区空气中细菌总体污染程度排序与微生物总体污染程度排序结果一致, 即生活服务区＞景观休闲区＞公共交通区＞科研教学区＞行政办公区＞文体活动区。微机房、办公区及大部分生活服务区的室内空气中微生物指标均值超标风险较高。微机房和阅览室的甲醛浓度较高。采用美国环保局的评价模型对学生暴露于校园甲醛和苯环境中的健康风险进行评价, 结果处于安全区间。 结论 校园环境微生物、甲醛、苯浓度大部分符合要求, 需要进一步采取措施降低校园室内场所微生物浓度水平, 加强微机房和阅览室的甲醛监测和污染源管理。 Abstract:Objective To analyze the current situation and research update on campus air quality in China, and to provide reference for effective campus environment improvement. Methods The documents of China national knowledge internet (CNKI) from 1980 to 2020 were extracted and the key words related to campus air quality were analyzed by CiteSpace software. Microorganisms, formaldehyde and benzene were selected, data of 200 literatures were classified and sorted out in different functional areas. Results Studies on campus air quality in China has been increasing gradually since 2004, especially focusing on indoor air, PM2.5 and benzene series. The primary microorganism in the air environment of Chinese campuses was bacteria with the concentration of 2 309.31 cfu/m3. The ranking of the overall load of bacteria in air of different functional areas was consistent with that of microorganisms: living service area > landscape leisure area > public transport area > scientific research and teaching area > administrative office area > sports activity area. The average value of microbial indicators in indoor air of computer room, office area and campus living areas were more likely exceed the standard. The formaldehyde concentration in the computer room and reading room was high. The health of students exposed to formaldehyde and benzene on campus evaluated by using the evaluation model of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency proved out to be in the safe range. Conclusion The concentrations of microorganisms, formaldehyde and benzene in campus environment mostly meet the requirements. Further measures need to be taken to reduce microbial concentration and strengthen formaldehyde monitoring and pollution source management in computer room and reading room. -
Key words:
- Air /
- Environment /
- Cluster analysis /
- Bacteria /
- Formaldehyde /
- Benzene
1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。 -
表 1 校园不同功能区空气中微生物水平/(cfu·m-3)
Table 1. Distribution of microorganisms in the air of different functional areas of campus/(cfu·m-3)
功能区 选项 微生物 细菌 真菌 行政办公区 办公室 1 014.63 805.17 334.97 办公楼 3 005.31 2 749.83 255.48 综合楼 1 343.00 1 282.17 91.25 均值 1 787.65 1 612.39 227.23 生活服务区 餐厅 2 148.05 1 012.74 1 141.66 超市 4 118.17 2 910.87 820.05 宿舍 4 008.23 3 305.20 587.08 医务室 1 932.76 1 156.42 463.67 网吧 7 281.50 7 028.90 421.00 其他生活服务场所 10 084.94 6 754.96 1 975.99 均值 4 928.94 3 694.85 901.57 科研教学区 教室 1 328.40 1 101.71 499.43 走廊 3 659.00 2 872.33 786.67 教学楼 1 208.07 1 506.00 1 223.17 实验楼 1 649.60 1 125.75 529.33 实验室 747.29 624.93 378.87 微机房 4 714.80 4 356.95 447.31 图书馆 1 010.73 1 053.09 838.37 阅览室 737.48 857.17 391.92 均值 1 881.92 1 687.24 636.88 文体活动区 操场 1 395.92 1 260.98 882.78 篮球场 1 602.17 1 080.00 841.00 体育馆 1 037.66 1 063.03 668.06 均值 1 345.25 1 134.67 797.28 公共交通区 道路 2 401.04 1 991.00 1 177.14 景观休闲区 园林 1 761.63 2 188.39 1 342.11 绿地 2 693.40 2 489.80 776.73 湖区 5 312.33 4 845.99 1 399.04 均值 3 255.79 3 174.72 1 172.63 总体均值 2 758.17 2 309.31 761.38 
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