中国儿童青少年体力活动与心肺耐力的相关性

陈泽刚; 丁吉; 万芹; 尹小俭; 吴慧攀; 邓婷; 李佳威; 王进贤

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.03.027

中国儿童青少年体力活动与心肺耐力的相关性

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.03.027

陈泽刚¹,
丁吉²,
万芹³,
尹小俭^{2, 4, ,},
吴慧攀⁵,
邓婷⁶,
李佳威⁶,
王进贤⁶

1.
成都体育学院体育史研究所, 四川 610041
2.
上海应用技术大学经济与管理学院
3.
上海应用技术大学体育教育部
4.
华东师范大学体育与健康学院
5.
太原工业学院儿童青少年健康促进研究中心
6.
太原工业学院体育系

基金项目:

上海市哲学社会科学2020年度规划课题项目 2020BTY001

详细信息

作者简介:
陈泽刚(1980-), 男, 湖南桃源人, 在读博士, 主要研究方向为民族传统体育文化以及体质健康与促进

通讯作者:
尹小俭, E-mail: xjyin1965@163.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 G806 G804.49
计量
- 文章访问数: 473
- HTML全文浏览量: 292
- PDF下载量: 56
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-09-07
- 修回日期: 2021-12-21
- 网络出版日期: 2022-03-29
- 刊出日期: 2022-03-25

Association between physical activity and cardiopulmonary endurance of Chinese children and adolescents

1.
Institute for Sports History, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu(610041), China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解中国儿童青少年体力活动状况及其与心肺耐力的关系, 为提高中国儿童青少年心肺耐力水平提供参考和借鉴。方法在2018年9—11月采用分层整群抽样的方法, 在中国六大行政区抽取7~18岁的4 269名儿童青少年进行基本情况、20 m往返跑测试及体力活动状况的测试和调查。结果男生每天低强度体力活动时间为(31.49±30.01)min, 中高强度体力活动时间为(68.37±46.50)min; 女生低强度体力活动时间为(34.02±31.58)min, 中高强度体力活动时间为(63.02±44.91)min。7~18岁男生20 m往返跑次数为(36.17±21.94)次, 每分钟最大摄氧量为(44.51±5.05)mL/kg; 女生20 m往返跑次数为(26.59±12.56)次, 每分钟最大摄氧量为(41.99±5.29)mL/kg。男生各年龄段20 m往返跑次数和最大摄氧量的比较差异有统计学意义(F值分别为589.37, 152.79, P值均＜0.01);女生间差异也均有统计学意义(F值分别为305.21, 1 032.46, P值均＜0.01)。中高强度体力活动时间男生达标者比例为49.24%, 女生为42.92%。线性回归分析显示, 中高强度体力活动时间与最大摄氧量呈正相关(β=0.11, P＜0.01)。结论中国儿童青少年中高强度体力活动时间与心肺耐力呈现相关性, 可通过提高儿童青少年的中高强度体力活动以达到提高心肺耐力的目的。
- 运动活动 /
- 身体耐力 /
- 生长和发育 /
- 儿童 /
- 青少年 /
- 回归分析
Abstract: Objective To understand physical activity status and its relation with cardiopulmonary endurance among Chinese children and adolescents, so as to provide reference for cardiopulmonary endurance improvement and intervention of Chinese children and adolescents. Methods During September to November 2018, a stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 4 269 children and adolescents aged 7-18 years in six major regions of China, 20 m shuttle run test and physical activity were assessed. Results Average duration for daily low-intensity physical activity among boys was (31.49±30.01) min, for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (68.37±46.50) min. Average duration for low-intensity physical activity among girls was (34.02±31.58) min, for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was (63.02±44.91) min. The number of 20 m shuttle run test for boys reached (36.17±21.94) times, and the maximal oxygen uptake per minute was (44.51±5.05) mL/kg; the number of 20 m shuttle run test for girls reached (26.59±12.56) times, and the maximal oxygen uptake per minute was (41.99±5.29) mL/kg. There were statistically significant differences in the number of 20 m shuttle run test and maximal oxygen uptake across age groups in boys (F=589.37, 152.79, P < 0.01), as well as that in girls (F=305.21, 1 032.46, P < 0.01). The proportion of boys and girls who met moderate-to-vigorous physical activity standard was 49.24% and 42.92%, respectively. Linear regression analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the duration of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and maximal oxygen uptake (β=0.11, P < 0.01). Conclusion There is a significant correlation between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity with cardiorespiratory endurance among Chinese children and adolescents. Higher level of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity is important to help improve cardiopulmonary endurance among children and adolescents.
- Motor activity /
- Physical endurance /
- Growth and development /
- Child /
- Adolescent /
- Regression analysis
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

HTML全文

表 1 不同性别年龄儿童青少年体力活动及心肺耐力活动情况比较(x±s)

Table 1. Comparison of physical activity and cardiorespiratory endurance activity of children and adolescents in different gender and age groups(x±s)

性别	年龄/岁	人数	统计值	体力活动/(min·d^-1)				心肺耐力活动
性别	年龄/岁	人数	统计值	低强度	中强度	高强度	中高强度	20 m往返跑/次	每分钟VO_2max /(mL·kg^-1)
男	7~9	570		30.14±28.87	45.46±36.89	14.92±20.30	60.37±45.24	14.63±7.91	46.53±2.18
	10~12	529		31.26±30.26	58.03±41.94	22.04±23.88	80.07±50.93	31.19±13.82	45.26±3.75
	13~15	559		34.94±31.43	53.12±37.67	18.42±21.66	71.54±45.00	48.89±19.35	45.28±5.33
	16~18	570		29.69±29.26	43.57±34.27	18.85±21.30	62.41±42.27	49.87±21.05	41.06±6.10
	合计	2 228		31.49±30.01	49.88±38.13	18.49±21.92	68.37±46.50	36.17±21.94	44.51±5.05
			F值	3.56	17.54	9.85	21.33	589.37	152.79
			P值	＜0.05	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01
女	7~9	525		31.61±30.75	52.30±40.54	10.96±17.71	63.25±47.46	15.59±7.26	46.68±2.12
	10~12	488		32.22±32.02	59.41±40.29	14.57±19.00	73.98±46.59	26.68±10.35	44.14±3.07
	13~15	561		38.74±32.97	54.73±38.29	10.91±15.56	65.65±44.42	34.04±12.52	41.22±4.02
	16~18	467		32.93±29.77	38.20±30.65	9.93±15.18	48.13±36.05	29.92±10.81	35.40±3.76
	合计	2 041		34.02±31.58	51.44±38.54	11.58±17.00	63.02±44.91	26.59±12.56	41.99±5.29
			F值	5.95	27.84	7.09	28.56	305.21	1 032.46
			P值	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 不同年龄段儿童青少年中高强度体力活动时间是否达标者每分钟心肺耐力比较/(mL·kg^-1)

Table 2. Comparison of cardiorespiratory endurance of Chinese children and adolescents in different age groups with high-intensity physical activity time/(mL·kg^-1)

性别	是否达标	统计值	7~9岁		10~12岁		13~15岁		16~18岁		F值	P值
性别	是否达标	统计值	人数	x±s	人数	x±s	人数	x±s	人数	x±s	F值	P值
男	是		238	46.52±2.35	315	45.65±3.75	290	45.66±5.28	254	42.52±6.37	35.80	< 0.01
	否		332	46.53±2.05	214	44.68±3.69	269	44.87±5.37	316	39.89±5.61	132.64	＜0.01
		t值		-0.02		2.94		1.76		5.23
		P值		0.99		＜0.01		0.08		＜0.01
女	是		226	46.61±2.04	259	44.21±3.15	261	41.23±3.97	130	35.95±4.01	316.02	＜0.01
	否		299	46.73±2.19	229	44.05±2.98	300	41.21±4.08	337	35.19±3.65	694.53	＜0.01
		t值		-0.70		0.58		0.08		1.98
		P值		0.50		0.56		0.94		0.05

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 中国儿童青少年中高强度体力活动时间与心肺耐力的线性回归分析(n=4 269)

Table 3. Linear regression analysis of high-intensity physical activity time and cardiopulmonary endurance in Chinese children and adolescents (n=4 269)

模型	自变量与常量	标准误	β值	t值	P值	B值(B值95%CI)
1	常量	0.45		115.93	＜0.01	52.65(51.76~53.54)
	性别	0.13	-0.25	-20.61	＜0.01	-2.70(-2.96~-2.44)
	城乡	0.14	-0.10	-7.96	＜0.01	-1.10(-1.36~-0.83)
	年龄	0.07	-0.52	-36.56	＜0.01	-2.45(-2.58~-2.32)
	BMI	0.02	-0.10	-6.89	＜0.01	-0.15(-0.20~-0.11)
	SES	0.07	-0.03	-2.14	＜0.05	-0.14(-0.27~-0.01)
2	常量	0.46		112.71	＜0.01	51.82(50.92~52.72)
	性别	0.13	-0.25	-20.22	＜0.01	-2.63(-2.89~-2.38)
	城乡	0.14	-0.11	-8.47	＜0.01	-1.16(-1.42~-0.89)
	年龄	0.07	-0.51	-36.54	＜0.01	-2.43(-2.56~-2.30)
	BMI	0.02	-0.10	-6.88	＜0.01	-0.15(-0.20~-0.11)
	SES	0.07	-0.02	-1.81	0.07	-0.12(-0.25~0.01)
	中高强度体力活动	0.00	0.11	8.77	＜0.01	0.01(0.01~0.02)

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(21)

[1]	SUN Y, LIU Y, TAO F B. Associations between active commuting to school, body fat, and mental well-being: population-based, cross-sectional study in China[J]. J Adolesc Health, 2015, 57(6): 679-685. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.09.002
[2]	尹小俭. 心肺耐力是儿童青少年体质健康的重要维度[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2017, 38(12): 1761-1764. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.12.001 YIN X J. Cardiorespiratory endurance is an important dimension of physical health of children and adolescents[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2017, 38(12): 1761-1764. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.12.001
[3]	YU A Y L, LÓPEZ-OLMEDO N, POPKIN B M, et al. Analysis of dietary trends in Chinese adolescents from 1991 to 2011[J]. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 2018, 27(5): 1106-1119.
[4]	GULATI M, PANDEY D K, ARNSDORF M F, et al. Exercise capacity and the risk of death in women: the St James Women Take Heart Project[J]. Circulation, 2003, 108(13): 1554-1559. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000091080.57509.E9
[5]	FORCE U S P S T, GROSSMAN D C, BIBBINS-DOMINGO K, et al. Screening for obesity in children and adolescents: US preventive services task force recommendation statement[J]. JAMA, 2017, 317(23): 2417-2426. doi: 10.1001/jama.2017.6803
[6]	中华人民共和国教育部. 教育部关于印发《国家学生体质健康标准(2014年修订)》的通知(教体艺[2014] 5号). 2014-07-17. Ministry of Education of the PRC. Circular of the ministry of education on the issuance of the National Standards for the Physical Health of Students(Revised 2014)([2014] NO. 5). 2014-07-17.
[7]	WHO. WHO child growth standards. (2020-11-10). http://www.WHO.int/Growthref/en/.
[8]	OLDO T, TOMKINSON G, LEGER L, et al. Worldwide variation in the performance of children and adolescents: an analysis of 109 studies of the 20-m shuttle run test in 37 countries[J]. J Sports Sci, 2006, 24(10): 1025-1038. doi: 10.1080/02640410500432193
[9]	INSTITUTE T C, THE C I. Fitnessgram & activitygram test administration manual-updated 4th edition[M]. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2004.
[10]	杨小芳. 儿童青少年心肺耐力测评方法及其特征的研究. 上海: 华东师范大学, 2021. YANG X F. A study on methods and characteristics of children and adolescents cardi-opulmonary endurance assessment. Shanghai: East China Normal University, 2021.
[11]	曹俊方. 我国省会城市儿童青少年体力活动状况及其影响因素的研究. 上海: 华东师范大学, 2020. CAO J F. Physical activity and its influencing factors among children and adolescents of provincial capitals of China. Shanghai: East China Normal University, 2020.
[12]	MALOGORZATA B, JANA K, MARLENAŁ, et al. Comparison of physical activity levels in youths before and during a pandemic lockdown[J]. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2021, 18(10): 5139. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18105139
[13]	TOMKINSON G R, LANG J J, TREMBLAY M S, et al. International normative 20 m shuttle run values from 1142026 children and youth representing 50 countries[J]. Br J Sports Med, 2016, 51(21): bjsports-2016-095987.
[14]	PIERCY K L, TROIANO R P, BALLARD R M, et al. The physical activity guidelines for Americans[J]. JAMA, 2018, 320(19): 2020-2028. doi: 10.1001/jama.2018.14854
[15]	JEAN-PHILIPPE C, JUANA W, FIONA B, et al. 2020 WHO guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour for children and adolescents aged 5-17 years: summary of the evidence[J]. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act, 2020, 17(1): 141. doi: 10.1186/s12966-020-01037-z
[16]	KULINSKI J P, KHERA A, AYERS C R, et al. Association between cardiorespiratory fitness and accelerometer-derived physical activity and sedentary time in the general population[J]. Mayo Clin Proc, 2014, 89(8): 1063-1071. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2014.04.019
[17]	STEELE J R, COLIMAN C E, MCGHEE D E. Effects of obesity on breast size, thoracic spine structure and function, upper torso musculoskeletal pain and physical activity in women[J]. J Sport Health Sci, 2020, 9(2): 140-148. doi: 10.1016/j.jshs.2019.05.003
[18]	李洋. 小学生视力水平与体力活动现状及其关系研究: 以扬州蒋王中心小学为例. 扬州: 扬州大学, 2021. LI Y. A Study on the status and relationship between the eyesight and physical activity of pupils: take Yangzhou Jiangwang Central Primary School as an example. Yangzhou: Yangzhou University, 2021.
[19]	李婧. 基于促进使用者体力活动的城市公园空间布局和建成环境优化研究: 以武汉市江岸区为例. 武汉: 华中农业大学, 2020. LI J. Rearearch on spatial layout and built enviroment optimization of urban parks based on promoting physical activity of users: a case study of Jiangan District of Wuhan City. Wuhan: Huazhong Agricultural University, 2020.
[20]	潘景玲. 基于强化动态视力体育活动干预的儿童青少年视力健康促进研究. 苏州: 苏州大学, 2020. PAN J L. Research on children and adolescents' visual health promotion based on intervention of strengthening kinetic vision sports activities. Suzhou: Soochow University, 2020.
[21]	辛飞. 体育设施与儿童青少年身体活动的关联研究: 基于北京、上海、广州3城市的调查. 上海: 上海体育学院, 2020. XIN F. The study on the relationship between sports facilities and physical activity among children and adolescents: based on the investigation in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou. Shanghai: Shanghai Institute of Physical Education, 2020.