青少年自我意识与校园欺凌角色的关联性

张茜; 程君菡; 丁红丽; 汪妍; 余毅震

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.03.020

青少年自我意识与校园欺凌角色的关联性

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.03.020

1.
石河子大学医学院, 新疆 832000
2.
华中科技大学公共卫生学院儿少卫生与妇幼保健系

详细信息

作者简介:
张茜(1972-)，女，河南邓州人，硕士，讲师，主要从事医学心理学教学和科研工作

通讯作者:
余毅震，E-mail：yuyizhen650@163.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 G478 G444
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-10-02
- 修回日期: 2021-12-23
- 网络出版日期: 2022-03-29
- 刊出日期: 2022-03-25

Relationship between different roles of school bullying and self-consciousness among adolescents

1.
Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi (832000), Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探究青少年自我意识与校园欺凌中不同角色的关系, 为青少年校园欺凌的防治提供依据。方法于2017年3—10月, 在湖北省鄂州市和孝感市采用分层整群抽样方法选取4 336名中学生进行匿名问卷调查, 采用青少年校园暴力问卷调查校园欺凌角色, 自我意识评价量表(SCS)评估自我意识水平。结果青少年卷入校园欺凌检出率为18.9%(819名), 其中单纯欺凌者86名(2.0%), 单纯被欺凌者369名(8.5%), 欺凌-被欺凌者364人(8.4%)。校园欺凌不同角色青少年的公我意识和私我意识得分差异有统计学意义(F值分别为4.05, 2.90, P值均 < 0.05)。两两比较结果显示, 欺凌-被欺凌者的公我意识得分高于未卷入者, 私我意识得分低于未卷入者(P值均 < 0.05)。多因素Logistic回归结果显示, 私我意识与欺凌-被欺凌角色呈负相关(OR=0.93, 95%CI=0.91~0.96), 公我意识与欺凌-被欺凌角色呈正相关(OR=1.08, 95%CI=1.06~1.11)。结论自我意识与青少年校园欺凌不同角色有关, 较高的公我意识和较低的私我意识是青少年成为欺凌-被欺凌角色的重要预测因素。
- 自我 /
- 暴力 /
- 角色 /
- 精神卫生 /
- 回归分析 /
- 青少年
Abstract: Objective To explore the relationship between different roles of school bullying and self-consciousness among adolescents, and to provide a reference for school bullying prevention and control. Methods In Ezhou and Xiaogan, two cities selected randomly from Hubei Province, 4 336 middle school students randomly selected from Ezhou and Xiaogan City in Hubei Province by stratified cluster sampling method during March to October in 2017, were investigated for an anonymous questionnaire survey. The Chinese version of adolescent school violence questionnaire was used to evaluate the different roles in school bullying, and the Self Consciousness Scale(SCS) was used to assess the level of self-awareness. Results About 18.9% of the respondents (819) were involved in bullying, among 86(2.0%) were pure perpetrators, 369 (8.5%) were pure victims, 364 (8.4%) were perpetrator-victims. There were significant differences in public and private self-awareness among different roles of campus bullying (F=4.05, 2.90, P < 0.05). The public self-awareness score of perpetrator-victims was higher than that of the uninvolved. The private self-consciousness score of perpetrator-victims was lower than that of the uninvolved (P < 0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression showed a negative correlation between private self-awareness and perpetrator-victims. Private self-awareness might reduce the risk of teenagers becoming perpetrator-victims (OR=0.93, 95%CI=0.91-0.96). A positive correlation between public self-awareness and perpetrator-victims and public self-awareness might increase the risk of adolescents becoming perpetrator-victims (OR=1.08, 95%CI=1.06-1.11). Conclusion Self-awareness is related to different roles of school bullying, and higher public self-awareness and lower private self-awareness are important predictors of perpetrator-victims of school bullying.
- Ego /
- Violence /
- Role /
- Mental health /
- Regression analysis /
- Adolescent
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表 1 不同人口学特征青少年各校园欺凌角色构成比较

Table 1. Comparison of different roles of adolescent campus bullying with different demographic characteristics

人口学指标	选项	人数	单纯欺凌	单纯被欺凌	欺凌-被欺凌	欺凌未卷入	χ²值
性别	女	1 979	25(1.3)	111(5.6)	116(5.9)	1 727(87.3)	90.36^**
	男	2 357	61(2.6)	258(10.9)	248(10.5)	1 790(75.9)
学段	初中	2 350	42(1.8)	260(11.1)	201(8.6)	1 847(78.6)	44.47^**
	高中	1 986	44(2.2)	109(5.5)	163(8.2)	1 670(84.1)
家庭结构^△	双亲家庭	3 805	72(1.9)	304(8.0)	303(8.0)	3 126(82.2)	31.60^**
	单亲家庭	403	11(2.7)	52(12.9)	53(13.2)	287(71.2)
	其他	109	3(2.8)	13(11.9)	6(5.5)	87(79.8)
父亲受教育程度^△	小学及以下	321	9(2.8)	30(9.3)	37(11.5)	245(76.3)	11.19
	初中	1 818	30(1.7)	147(8.1)	162(8.9)	1 479(81.4)
	高中或中专	1 579	33(2.1)	138(8.7)	121(7.7)	1 287(81.5)
	大专及以上	563	13(2.3)	51(9.1)	39(6.9)	460(81.7)
母亲受教育程度^△	小学及以下	629	8(1.3)	57(9.1)	62(9.9)	502(79.8)	9.56
	初中	1 953	39(2.0)	165(8.4)	176(9.0)	1 573(80.5)
	高中或中专	1 316	29(2.2)	108(8.2)	92(7.0)	1 087(82.6)
	大专及以上	370	9(2.4)	34(9.2)	27(7.3)	300(81.1)
父母感情^△	融洽	3 484	64(1.8)	263(7.5)	268(7.7)	2 889(82.9)	54.10^**
	一般	567	13(2.3)	62(10.9)	56(9.9)	436(76.9)
	不融洽	245	9(3.7)	42(17.1)	33(13.5)	161(65.7)
家庭教育方式	平等	3 416	63(1.8)	257(7.5)	241(7.1)	2 855(83.6)	71.97^**
	专断	644	19(3.0)	73(11.3)	91(14.1)	461(71.6)
	其他	276	4(1.4)	39(14.1)	32(11.6)	201(72.8)
家庭人均月收入^△/元	0~2 999	1 600	30(1.9)	142(8.9)	145(9.1)	1 283(80.2)	10.14
	3 000~4 999	1 769	34(1.9)	130(7.3)	137(7.7)	1 468(83.0)
	≥5 000	886	20(2.3)	91(10.3)	67(7.6)	708(79.9)
注：**P < 0.01；()内数字为构成比/%。△有缺失值。

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表 2 不同校园欺凌角色青少年自我意识得分比较(x±s)

Table 2. Comparison of self-awareness of different roles of adolescent campus bullying(x±s)

组别	人数	公我意识	私我意识	社交焦虑	自我意识总分
单纯欺凌者	86	25.47±5.85	36.97±6.18	20.62±4.85	83.05±13.44
单纯被欺凌者	369	24.69±6.24	35.88±6.30	20.83±5.29	81.42±15.33
欺凌-被欺凌者	364	25.16±6.80	35.01±7.26	21.20±5.66	81.45±17.25
未卷入者	3 517	24.31±6.37	36.13±6.21	20.47±5.43	80.98±15.65
F值		4.05^*	2.90^*	2.35	0.62
注：*P < 0.01。

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表 3 青少年校园欺凌不同角色的多因素Logistic回归分析[OR值(OR值95%CI),n=4336]

Table 3. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis of different roles of adolescent campus bullying[OR(OR 95%CI),n=4336]

自变量	单纯欺凌角色	单纯被欺凌角色	欺凌-被欺凌角色
性别
女	0.35(0.24~0.64)^**	0.44(0.35~0.56)^**	0.46(0.37~0.56)^**
年级
初中	0.82(0.45~1.49)	2.28(1.68~3.11)^**	1.12(0.82~1.53)
家庭结构
双亲	0.81(0.55~2.77)	0.88(0.46~1.71)	1.47(0.63~3.44)
单亲	1.09(0.29~4.02)	1.30(0.63~2.67)	2.46(1.01~6.04)^*
父母感情
融洽	0.45(0.22~0.95)	0.37(0.25~0.54)^**	0.55(0.39~0.79)^**
一般	0.73(0.09~5.83)^*	0.56(0.36~0.88)^*	0.58(0.36~0.94)^*
家庭教育方式
平等	0.46(0.27~1.19)	0.57(0.38~0.84)^**	0.75(0.62~0.92)^**
专断	2.07(0.69~6.20)	0.76(0.48~1.20)	1.21(0.76~1.92)
私我意识	1.03(0.98~1.08)	0.99(0.97~1.01)	0.93(0.91~0.96)^**
公我意识	1.03(0.98~1.09)	1.02(1.00~1.04)	1.08(1.06~1.11)^**
注：*P < 0.01，P < 0.05。

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