某高校艾滋病防治赋能教育效果评价

谭美春; 王春苗; 刘欢; 袁兆康

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.03.016

某高校艾滋病防治赋能教育效果评价

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.03.016

1.
江西科技学院医学院, 南昌 330098
2.
南昌大学公共卫生学院

基金项目:

江西省卫生健康委科技计划项目 20202020

江西科技学院人文社会科学课题项目 RW1909

详细信息

作者简介:
谭美春(1981-)，女，江西吉安人，硕士，副教授, 主要研究方向为医学教育

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: G647.8 R512.91
计量
- 文章访问数: 495
- HTML全文浏览量: 274
- PDF下载量: 23
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-10-31
- 修回日期: 2022-01-07
- 网络出版日期: 2022-03-29
- 刊出日期: 2022-03-25

Effect of empowerment educational program on AIDS prevention and treatment in one university

1.
Medical College of Jiangxi Science and Technology University, Nanchang (330098), China

摘要

摘要: 目的应用赋能理论的教育方法开展高校艾滋病防治教育，并与传统健康教育方法效果进行比较。方法以江西省某高校2018和2019年大一新生为研究对象，采用二阶段分层抽样方法选择对照组(223名)和实验组(226名)，采取传统健康教育方法、赋能理论教育方法分别对对照组、实验组进行艾滋病防治知识健康教育，干预1个学期后，比较不同干预方式的干预效果。结果实验组干预前后艾滋病知识知晓率(65.02%，82.96%)差异有统计学意义(χ²=61.02，P < 0.05)、态度行为总体得分(16.71±2.53，18.58±1.95)差异有统计学意义(t=-2.66，P＜0.05)；对照组干预前后艾滋病相关知识知晓率(67.70%，96.02%)差异有统计学意义(χ²=18.64，P＜0.05)，而态度行为总体得分(16.52±1.50，17.16±1.57)差异无统计学意义(t=-1.51，P=0.14)。干预前两组知晓率差异无统计学意义(χ²=0.36，P=0.55)，干预后两组知晓率差异有统计学意义(χ²=20.42，P＜0.01)。干预前后两组态度行为得分差值差异均有统计学意义(P值均 < 0.05)。结论赋能教育方法能提高大学生艾滋病知晓率，帮助大学生树立对艾滋病及其感染者的客观态度以及降低高危性行为，且效果优于传统教育方法。
- 获得性免疫缺陷综合征 /
- 健康教育 /
- 健康促进 /
- 干预性研究 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To apply and evaluate the effect of empowerment educational program on AIDS prevention and treatment among freshmen in one university. Methods The method of two-stage stratified sampling was used to select the experimental and control group. The traditional health education was implemented among the control group, and the empowerment education was implemented for the experimental group. The effect of the two groups was compared before and after intervention. Results For experimental group, the awareness rate of AIDS(65.02%) (χ²=61.02, P < 0.01) and the overall score of attitude and behavior(16.71±2.53)(t=-2.66, P < 0.05) were significantly improved after intervention(82.96%, 18.58±1.95). For the control group, there was significant difference in awareness rate of AIDS after intervention(67.70% vs 96.02%, χ²=18.64, P < 0.05), while there was no statistical difference in overall score of attitude and behavior after intervention(16.52±1.50 vs 17.16±1.57, t=-1.51, P=0.14). There was no significant difference in awareness rate between the two groups before intervention (χ²=0.36, P=0.55), but there was a statistical difference after intervention (χ²=20.42, P < 0.01). There was statistical difference in attitude and behavior scores between the two groups after intervention (P < 0.05). Conclusion Empowerment educational program can improve the awareness rate of AIDS among college students, help to establish an objective attitude towards AIDS and infected patients, and to reduce high-risk sexual behavior, also it is more effective compared to traditional education method.
- Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome /
- Health eucation /
- Health promotion /
- Intervention studies /
- Students
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

HTML全文

表 1 艾滋病防治知识教育赋能四阶段计划

Table 1. Four-stage plan of empowerment for AIDS prevention knowledge education

阶段	内容	方法	目标
进入阶段(确立问题)	艾滋病的性质	通过公众号、建立4个微信群(每群不多于50人)，发布主题讨论“艾滋病知多少”	通过主题讨论激发学生自主学习了解艾滋病的相关知识
进展阶段(抒发情感)	艾滋病的临床特点及预后	线上观影、案例分享等, 共6次	通过一些真实案例的学习，帮助学生进一步认识艾滋病，从而树立正确的信念及价值观
深入阶段(主动学习)	艾滋病的传播途径、预防措施及治疗方法	主题班会、情景剧、讲座等, 共4次	通过客观全面了解艾滋病相关知识，帮助学生掌握艾滋病的预防措施，从而具备远离艾滋病的能力
内化阶段(态度行为转化)	知识-态度-行为内化	演讲比赛、辩论赛等, 共4次	通过现场的团体活动，营造防艾氛围，激发学生的内在潜能，身体力行，用实际行动来预防艾兹病

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 实验组与对照组学生艾滋病态度、行为得分干预前后差值比较(x±s)

Table 2. Comparison of D-value before and after intervention in AIDS attitude and behavioral scores between two groups(x±s)

组别	人数	态度			行为
组别	人数	T1	T2	T3	X1	X2	X3
实验组	226	0.13±0.04	0.22±0.03	0.24±0.01	0.60±0.08	0.27±0.05	0.35±0.04
对照组	223	0.09±0.01	0.14±0.04	0.11±0.01	0.15±0.02	0.15±0.02	0.16±0.01
t值		2.80	3.17	3.78	7.25	3.93	4.92
P值		0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
注：态度条目中T1：如果怀疑自己感染了艾滋病，会主动到医院检查；T2:如果感染了艾滋病，会主动告知身边的朋友、同学、同事亲人等；T3:如果身边的朋友感染了艾滋病，你们的关系及日常交往不会受到影响。行为条目中X1:我觉得我不会和陌生人发生性关系；X2：我觉得任何时候发生性行为时一定要使用安全套；X3：我觉得男女朋友间发生性行为时也需要使用安全套。

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(23)

[1]	ZIMMERMAN M A. Handbook of community psychology[M]. New York: Plenum Publishing, 2000: 43-44.
[2]	WALLERSTEIN N, BERNSTEIN E. Empowerment education: freire's ideas adapted to health education[J]. Health Educ Q, 1988, 15(4): 379-394. doi: 10.1177/109019818801500402
[3]	翟艳春, 孙勇. 高校学生艾滋病知识宣传模式探索及效果评价[J]. 中国艾滋病性病, 2021, 27(8): 899-900. ZHAI Y C, SUN Y. Exploration and effect evaluation of AIDS knowledge publicity mode for college students[J]. Chin J AIDS STD, 2021, 27(8): 899-900.
[4]	孙庆艳. 高校艾滋病健康教育现状及策略研究[J]. 中国多媒体与网络教学学报, 2019(6): 245-246. SUN Q Y. Research on the status and strategy of AIDS health education in universities[J]. Chin J Multimed Network Teach, 2019(6): 245-246.
[5]	夏卉芳, 王毓, 刘成, 等. 某高校学生艾滋病知识认知及干预模式探究[J]. 中国艾滋病性病, 2019, 25(2): 109. XIA H F, WANG Y, LIU C, et al. Exploration of knowledge cognition and intervention mode of AIDS prevention and control in a university[J]. Chin J AIDS STD, 2019, 25(2): 109.
[6]	刘童童, 陈清峰, 李雨波, 等. 艾滋病防治宣传教育实践与挑战[J]. 中国艾滋病性病, 2021, 27(11): 1180. LIU T T, CHEN Q F, LI Y B, et al. Practice and challenges for AIDS prevention and control of publicity[J]. Chin J AIDS STD, 2021, 27(11): 1180.
[7]	杨小武, 谢伟华, 孙金芳, 等. 大学生艾滋病相关知识态度行为整合调查问卷结构分析与优化[J]. 中国艾滋病性病, 2019, 25(10): 1063-1064. YANG X W, XIE W H, SUN J F, et al. Structure analysis and optimization of AIDS-related knowledge, attitude and behavior among college students[J]. Chin J AIDS STD, 2019, 25(10): 1063-1064.
[8]	ADOLFSSONA E T, SMIDEC B, GREGEBYD E, et al. Implementing empowerment group education in diabetes[J]. Patient Educ Couns, 2004, 53(3): 319-324. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2003.07.009
[9]	SHEARER N B C, FLEURY J, WARD K A, et al. Empowerment interventions for older adults[J]. West J Nurs Res, 2012, 34(1): 24-25. doi: 10.1177/0193945910377887
[10]	RENDNER E C. Using freirean empowerment for health education with adolescents in primary, secondary, and tertiar psychiatric settings[J]. J Child Adolesc Psychiatr Nurs, 2004, 17(2): 78-84. doi: 10.1111/j.1744-6171.2004.00078.x
[11]	RISSEL C. Empowerment: the holy grail of health promotion?[J]. Health Promtion Int, 1994, 9(1): 39-40. doi: 10.1093/heapro/9.1.39
[12]	田怡, 王琦萧. 中医特色护理联合赋能教育对2型糖尿病患者血糖水平的影响[J]. 护理实践与研究, 2019, 6(13): 71-72. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-9676.2019.13.029 TIAN Y, WANG Q X. Effect of traditional Chinese medicine characteristic nursing combined empowerment education on blood glucose level of patients with type 2 diabetes[J]. Nurs Pract Res, 2019, 6(13): 71-72. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-9676.2019.13.029
[13]	蔡红侠, 吴晓钰, 许翠月, 等. 妊娠期糖尿病孕妇赋能教育的实践[J]. 护理学杂志, 2019, 34(16): 30-31. doi: 10.3870/j.issn.1001-4152.2019.16.030 CAI H X, WU X Y, XU C Y, et al. Practice of empowerment education in women with gestational diabetes mellitus[J]. J Nurs Sci, 2019, 34(16): 30-31. doi: 10.3870/j.issn.1001-4152.2019.16.030
[14]	HEGGDAL K, MENDELSOHN J B, STEPANIAN N, et al. Health-care professionals' assessment of a person-centred intervention to empower self-management and health across chronic illness: qualitative findings from a process evaluation study[J]. Health Exp, 2021, 24(4): 1367-1377. doi: 10.1111/hex.13271
[15]	王战, 宫恩莹, 彭伟霞, 等. 社区赋能在慢性病防控中的应用研究[J]. 中国全科医学, 2019, 22(10): 1153. doi: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2019.10.005 WANG Z, GONG E Y, PENG W X, et al. Community empowerment for the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases[J]. Chin Gener Pract, 2019, 22(10): 1153. doi: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2019.10.005
[16]	潘峥, 姚宁, 秦冰, 等. 广西高校少数民族学生艾滋病教育方法效果评价[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2019, 40 (8): 1148-1149. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2019.08.008 PANG Z, YAO N, QIN B, et al. Effectiveness analysis of AIDS education method for minority students in college of Guangxi Province[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2019, 40(8): 1148-1149. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2019.08.008
[17]	柴斌, 银万栋, 王龙云. 西部某高校学生艾滋病知识知晓率情况和性行为情况的调查分析[J]. 卫生职业教育, 2020, 35(2): 135-136. CHAI B, YIN W D, WANG L Y. Investigation and analysis of AIDS knowledge awareness rate and sexual behavior among students in a western university[J]. Health Vocat Educ, 2020, 35(2): 135-136.
[18]	朱俊奇, 丁嘉琳, 桂玲, 等. 基于logistic回归分析的医学生性行为影响因素研究[J]. 中国卫生统计, 2020, 37(3): 405-406. ZHU J Q, DING J L, GUI L, et al. Research on influencing factors of sexual behavior in medical students based on logistic regression analysis[J]. Chin J Health Stat, 2020, 37(3): 405-406.
[19]	柴斌, 银万栋, 王龙云. 西部某高校学生艾滋病知识知晓情况和性行为情况的调查分析[J]. 卫生职业教育, 2017, 35(2): 135-136. CHAI B, YIN W D, WANG L Y. Investigation and analysis of AIDS knowledge awareness and sexual behavior among college students in western China[J]. Health Vocat Educ, 2017, 35(2): 135-136.
[20]	刘黎, 吴苏姝, 石红杰, 等. 南京市有性行为史男大学生艾滋病知晓及高危性行为影响因素[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2020, 41(8): 1147-1150. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2020.08.008 LIU L, WU S S, SHI H J, et al. AIDS awareness rate and influencing factors of high-risk sexual behavior among male college student with a history of sexual behavior in Nanjing[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2020, 41(8): 1147-1150. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2020.08.008
[21]	李瑛, 门可, 曹平, 等. 西安市7所高校学生艾滋病知识知晓率及教育需求[J]. 中国艾滋病性病, 2019, 25(9): 953-954. LI Y, MEN K, CAO P, et al. HIV/AIDS knowledge awareness and educational demands of college students in Xi'an[J]. Chin J AIDS STD, 2019, 25(9): 953-954.
[22]	田瑞杰, 王荟苹, 吴歌. 赋能教育在腹膜透析相关性腹膜炎病人中的应用效果. [J]. 中国护理研究, 2020, 34(15): 2752-2753. TIAN R J, WANG H P, WU G. Application effect of enabling education in patients with peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis[J]. Chin Nurs Res, 2020, 34(15): 2752-2753.
[23]	TONI E, PIRNEJAD H, MAKHDOOMI K, et al. Patient empowerment through a user-centered design of an electronic personal health record: a qualitative study of user requirements in chronic kidney disease[J]. Res Square, 2021, 27: 1-4.