青少年雾霾天气健康防护行为及相关影响因素

陶领伟; 高雅娜; 窦红哲; 吴雪坤; 闫璐; 刘丹阳; 赵月佳; 赵庆春; 王培玉; 张玉梅

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.03.012

青少年雾霾天气健康防护行为及相关影响因素

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.03.012

1.
北京大学医学部公共卫生学院, 北京 100191
2.
河北大学附属医院

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金面上项目 81773420

河北省医学科学研究课题计划 20150072

河北省医学科学研究课题计划 20180707

河北省医学科学研究课题计划 20190121

河北省医学科学研究课题计划 20200571

详细信息

作者简介:
陶领伟(1988-), 男, 河北保定人, 博士, 助理研究员, 主要研究方向为健康防护、营养与健康

通讯作者:
王培玉, E-mail: wpeiyu@bjmu.edu.cn

张玉梅, E-mail: zhangyumei@bjmu.edu.cn

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R122 R193 G479
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-10-11
- 修回日期: 2021-12-20
- 网络出版日期: 2022-03-29
- 刊出日期: 2022-03-25

Haze weather health protection behavior and associated factors in adolescents

1.
School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing (100191), China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解青少年雾霾天气健康防护行为状况，为对青少年开展雾霾天气健康防护的行为干预及健康指导提供科学依据。方法 2015年6月至2016年4月，在河北省保定市的2所中学，采用分层整群抽样方法抽取22个班级1 025名青少年。采用一般资料调查表和简易雾霾天气健康防护行为测评量表—青少年版(BHWHPBAS-AV)进行调查。通过多元线性回归分析探索青少年雾霾天气健康防护行为的影响因素，并建立不同模型进一步验证影响因素与BHWHPBAS-AV得分之间关联的稳定性。结果青少年BHWHPBAS-AV总体得分较低(45.81±13.16)，“雾霾天气之后的自我调节”维度得分率最高(64.54%)，“雾霾天气之前获得相关知识”维度得分率最低(50.28%)。与居住地为城市者相比，居住地为农村者BHWHPBAS-AV得分更低(β=-3.20，P < 0.01)。与和父母一起居住者相比，未和父母一起居住者的BHWHPBAS-AV得分更低(β=-4.16，P=0.01)。与从不体检者相比，几年一次者、一年一次者和一年多次者BHWHPBAS-AV得分更高(β值分别为4.44，5.66，9.04，P值均 < 0.01)。与完全不了解呼吸系统疾病相关知识者相比，基本了解者和非常了解者的BHWHPBAS-AV得分更高(β值分别为9.34，12.19，P值均 < 0.01)。在不同模型中，其结果均是稳定的。多元线性回归分析结果显示，居住地、与父母居住情况、体检情况、呼吸系统疾病相关知识了解程度均是BHWHPBAS-AV得分的相关因素(P值均 < 0.05)。结论青少年雾霾天气健康防护行为的整体水平较低，并受多种因素的影响。应加强合作，对青少年开展广泛的雾霾天气健康防护的行为干预与健康指导，促进青少年的健康成长。
- 环境污染 /
- 天气 /
- 行为 /
- 回归分析 /
- 青少年
Abstract: Objective To investigate adolescent haze weather health protection behavior, and to provide scientific basis for behavioral intervention and health guidance for adolescents in haze weather. Methods From June 2015 to April 2016, 1 025 adolescents were selected from 22 classes in two middle schools of Baoding City, Hebei Province, by stratified cluster sampling method. General information questionnaire and the Brief Haze Weather Health Protection Behavior Assessment Scale-Adolescent Version (BHWHPBAS-AV) were used. Multiple linear regressions were conducted to explore factors affecting adolescent haze weather health protection behavior. Different models were used to confirm associations between influencing factors and BHWHPBAS-AV scores. Results Adolescents had a low overall score of BHWHPBAS-AV (45.81±13.16). The score rate of self-adjustment after haze weather was the highest (64.54%). The score rate of obtaining relevant knowledge before haze weather was the lowest (50.28%). Compared with adolescents in urban area, rural adolescents had a lower BHWHPBAS-AV score (β=-3.20, P < 0.01). Compared with students (living with parents), those living without parents had a lower BHWHPBAS-AV score (β=-4.16, P=0.01). Compared with students never receive physical examination, those had received physical examination during the past years had a higher BHWHPBAS-AV score (β=4.44, 5.66, 9.04, P < 0.01). Compared with students with no knowledge of respiratory system diseases, those with moderate to sufficient knowledge had a higher BHWHPBAS-AV score (β=9.34, 12.19, P < 0.01). These associations were stable and consistent.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that residence, residence with parents, physical examination and knowledge of respiratory diseases were the relevant factors of BHWHPBAS-AV score (P < 0.05). Conclusion Adolescent haze weather health protection behavior level is low and is affected by many factors. Cooperation should be strengthened to conduct behavioral interventions and health guidance on haze health protection for adolescents, so as to promote healthy growth of adolescents.
- Environmental pollution /
- Weather /
- Behavior /
- Regression analysis /
- Adolescent
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

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表 1 不同组别青少年BHWHPBAS-AV得分比较

Table 1. Adolescent demographic data and comparison of BHWHPBAS-AV scale scores between different groups

组别	选项	人数	x±s	t/F值	P值
性别	男	515	45.92±13.34	0.27	0.79
	女	510	45.70±12.98
民族	汉族	990	45.67±13.13	-1.82	0.07
	少数民族	35	49.79±13.39
宗教信仰	无	952	45.75±13.07	-0.58	0.56
	有	73	46.67±14.29
居住地	城市	677	47.77±12.83	6.79	< 0.01
	农村	348	42.00±12.97
医疗保险类型	城镇医疗保险	594	46.68±13.16	4.55	0.01
	新型农村合作医疗	306	43.93±12.93
	自费	125	46.30±13.30
是否和父母一起居住	是	958	46.30±13.12	4.53	< 0.01
	否	67	38.85±11.64
体检情况	从不体检	85	37.89±12.57	25.97	< 0.01
	几年一次	263	43.53±11.96
	一年一次	521	46.46±12.92
	一年多次	156	51.82±13.22
长期患有慢性呼吸系统疾病	否	974	45.80±13.11	-0.14	0.89
	是	51	46.07±14.20
亲人或朋友长期患有慢性呼吸系统疾病	否	914	45.97±13.06	1.07	0.28
	是	111	44.55±13.92
生活中经常见到患有长期慢性呼吸系统疾病的患者	否	899	46.05±13.16	1.54	0.12
	是	126	44.12±13.06
对呼吸系统疾病相关知识的了解程度	完全不了解	38	40.56±16.11	33.79	< 0.01
	了解较少	145	38.50±12.10
	了解一些	524	44.70±11.76
	基本了解	264	50.98±13.07
	非常了解	54	54.66±12.74

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表 2 青少年雾霾天气健康防护行为相关因素的多元线性回归分析(n=1 025)

Table 2. Multivariable linear regression analysis of influencing factors of adolescents haze weather health protection behavior(n=1 025)

自变量	选项	β值(β值95%CI)	t值	P值
居住地	城市	1.00
	农村	-3.20(-5.39~-1.01)	-2.86	< 0.01
医疗保险类型	城镇医疗保险	1.00
	新农合	1.08(-0.89~3.04)	1.08	0.28
	自费	1.09(-1.28~3.45)	0.90	0.37
是否和父母一起居住	是	1.00
	否	-4.16(-7.38~-0.93)	-2.53	0.01
体检情况	从不体检	1.00
	几年一次	4.44(1.45~7.43)	2.92	< 0.01
	一年一次	5.66(2.83~8.50)	3.92	< 0.01
	一年多次	9.04(5.74~12.34)	5.38	< 0.01
对呼吸系统疾病相关知识的了解程度	完全不了解	1.00
	了解较少	-1.58(-5.93~2.78)	-0.71	0.48
	了解一些	3.78(-0.26~7.82)	1.84	0.07
	基本了解	9.34(5.16~13.52)	4.38	< 0.01
	非常了解	12.19(7.11~17.27)	4.71	< 0.01

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表 3 不同模型中BHWHPBAS-AV得分与相关因素之间关联的稳定性(n=1 025)

Table 3. Reliability of the associations between influencing factors and the BHWHPBAS-AV scale score in different models(n=1 025)

自变量	选项	模型1			模型2			模型3
自变量	选项	β值(β值95%CI)	t值	P值	β值(β值95%CI)	t值	P值	β值(β值95%CI)	t值	P值
居住地	城市	1.00			1.00			1.00
	农村	-2.83(-4.79~-0.86)	-2.83	0.01	-3.25(-5.43~-1.06)	-2.92	0.00	-3.20(-5.39~-1.01)	-2.86	< 0.01
和父母一起居住	是	1.00			1.00			1.00
	否	-4.44(-7.62~-1.26)	-2.74	0.01	-4.27(-7.47~-1.06)	-2.61	0.01	-4.16(-7.38~-0.93)	-2.53	0.01
体检情况	从不体检	1.00			1.00			1.00
	几年一次	4.25(1.27~7.22)	2.80	0.01	4.39(1.40~7.37)	2.88	< 0.01	4.44(1.45~7.43)	2.92	< 0.01
	一年一次	5.49(2.67~8.31)	3.82	< 0.01	5.65(2.82~8.48)	3.92	< 0.01	5.66(2.83~8.50)	3.92	< 0.01
	一年多次	8.82(5.53~12.10)	5.27	< 0.01	9.00(5.70~12.28)	5.36	< 0.01	9.04(5.74~12.34)	5.38	< 0.01
对于呼吸系统疾病相关知识的了解程度	完全不了解	1.00			1.00			1.00
	了解较少	-1.92(-6.22~2.39)	-0.88	0.38	-1.71(-6.05~2.63)	-0.78	0.44	-1.58(-5.93~2.78)	-0.71	0.48
	了解一些	3.47(-0.53~7.47)	1.70	0.09	3.66(-0.36~7.69)	1.79	0.07	3.78(-0.26~7.82)	1.84	0.07
	基本了解	9.02(4.87~13.16)	4.27	< 0.01	9.20(5.04~13.36)	4.34	< 0.01	9.34(5.16~13.52)	4.38	< 0.01
	非常了解	11.87(6.83~16.91)	4.63	< 0.01	11.98(6.94~17.03)	4.66	< 0.01	12.19(7.11~17.27)	4.71	< 0.01

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