开封市中学生超重肥胖与血压偏高的关联

陈咏梅; 范明明

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.02.032

开封市中学生超重肥胖与血压偏高的关联

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.02.032

河南省开封市疾病预防控制中心学校卫生科，475000

详细信息

作者简介:
陈咏梅(1975-)，女，河南开封人，大学本科，副主任医师，主要研究方向为学校卫生

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R723.14 R725.4
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-05-25
- 修回日期: 2021-12-01
- 网络出版日期: 2022-02-24
- 刊出日期: 2022-02-25

Relationship between overweight, obesity and high blood pressure among middle school students in Kaifeng City

School Health Department, Kaifeng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kaifeng (475000), Henan Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探索开封市中学生超重、肥胖与血压偏高之间的关联，为相关部门制定有效的干预措施提供依据。方法 2019年9—10月，采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法，选取开封市4 058名中学生进行血压、身高、体重的测量，分析超重肥胖与血压偏高的关系。结果中学生血压偏高率为11.78%。与正常体重相比，超重(OR=1.65)和肥胖(OR=3.32)均增加血压偏高的风险(P值均 < 0.01)。超重和肥胖男生血压偏高的风险分别是正常体重者的1.87和4.16倍，超重和肥胖女生血压偏高的风险分别是正常体重的1.55和2.69倍。高中正常体重、初中超重/肥胖、高中超重/肥胖学生的血压偏高风险分别是初中正常体重学生的1.90，2.85和3.39倍(P_交互=0.02)。结论预防中学生血压偏高应该从预防超重/肥胖开始，尤其对男生加以重视; 超重/肥胖的中学生学段越高，血压偏高的风险越大。
- 超重 /
- 肥胖症 /
- 血压 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To analyze the association between overweight, obesity and high blood pressure among middle school students in Kaifeng city. Methods A multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 4 058 middle school students in Kaifeng City to measure blood pressure, height and weight, and to analyze the relationship between overweight and obesity and high blood pressure from September to October 2019. Results The prevalence of high blood pressure in middle school students in Kaifeng was 11.78%. Compared with normal weight group, overweight (OR=1.65) and obesity (OR=3.32) were significantly correlated with the risk of high blood pressure (P < 0.01). The risk of high blood pressure in overweight and obese boys was 1.87-and 4.16-times higher than that in normal weight boys, respectively. The risk of high blood pressure for overweight and obese girls was 1.55-and 2.69-times higher than that for normal weight girls, respectively. The risk of high blood pressure in high school and normal weight group, middle school and overweight/obesity group, and high school and overweight/obesity group were 1.90, 2.85-and 3.39-times higher than that in middle school and normal weight group, respectively (P=0.02). Conclusion The prevention of high blood pressure in middle school students should start from the prevention of overweight and obesity, especially among overweight and obese boys. Risk of high blood pressure increases with grade among overweight/obese middle school students.
- Overweight /
- Obesity /
- Blood pressure /
- Regression analysis /
- Students
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表 1 不同组别中学生血压偏高检出率比较

Table 1. Comparison of the prevalence of high blood pressure among middle school students with different characteristics

组别	选项	人数	血压偏高人数	χ²值	P值
性别	男	2 000	229(11.45)	0.41	0.52
	女	2 058	249(12.10)
学段	初中	1 987	192(9.66)	16.90	< 0.01
	高中	2 071	286(13.81)
是否喝含糖饮料	否	558	69(12.37)	0.21	0.64
	是	3 500	409(11.69)
是否吃甜食	否	317	35(11.04)	0.18	0.67
	是	3 741	443(11.84)
是否吃油炸食物	否	399	48(12.03)	0.03	0.87
	是	3 659	430(11.75)
是否吃新鲜水果	否	143	16(11.19)	0.05	0.82
	是	3 915	462(11.80)
是否吃蔬菜^*	否	111	13(11.71)	0.01	0.99
	是	3 945	464(11.76)
是否吸烟^*	否	3 473	413(11.89)	0.28	0.60
	是	584	65(11.13)
是否饮酒^*	否	2 775	329(11.86)	0.03	0.86
	是	1 277	149(11.67)
每周每天进行至少60 min	0	1 334	163(12.22)	0.82	0.66
中高强度运动次数	1~3	1 541	184(11.94)
	4~7	1 181	131(11.09)
体重类型	正常	2 925	274(9.37)	80.10	< 0.01
	超重	681	98(14.39)
	肥胖	452	106(23.45)
注： ()内数字为检出率/%; *部分数据有缺失。

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表 2 各体重类型中学生血压水平比较[M(P₂₅，P₇₅)，mm Hg]

Table 2. Comparison of the level of blood pressure among middle school students with different weight types [M(P₂₅, P₇₅), mm Hg]

性别	体型	人数	统计值	SBP	DBP
男	正常	1 370		116.0(106.0，124.0)	70.0(65.0，78.0)
	超重	365		120.0(112.0，128.0)	73.0(69.0，80.0)
	肥胖	265		123.0(118.0，130.0)	76.0(70.0，80.0)
			Z值	122.91	62.34
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01
女	正常	1 555		109.0(100.0，118.0)	70.0(62.0，75.0)
	超重	316		111.0(102.0，120.0)	70.0(66.0，76.5)
	肥胖	187		118.0(109.0，125.0)	72.0(68.0，78.0)
			Z值	80.24	43.00
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01
合计	正常	2 925		110.0(102.0，120.0)	70.0(64.0，76.0)
	超重	681		118.0(108.0，124.0)	72.0(68.0，78.0)
	肥胖	452		120.0(110.0，128.0)	74.0(70.0，80.0)
			Z值	227.01	118.53
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01

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表 3 中学生超重或肥胖与血压偏高关联的多因素Logistic回归分析(n=4 058)

Table 3. Logistic regression analysis of association between overweight or obesity on prevalence of high blood pressure in middle school students(n=4 058)

性别	体重类型	β值	Wald χ²值	P值	OR值(OR值95%CI)
男	正常				1.00
	超重	0.63	11.83	< 0.01	1.87(1.31~2.68)
	肥胖	1.43	61.32	< 0.01	4.16(2.91~5.94)
女	正常				1.00
	超重	0.44	5.98	0.01	1.55(1.09~2.21)
	肥胖	0.99	25.58	< 0.01	2.69(1.83~3.94)
合计	正常				1.00
	超重	0.50	15.55	< 0.01	1.65(1.29~2.12)
	肥胖	1.20	83.66	< 0.01	3.32(2.57~4.29)

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