Effects of changes in family structure on depressive anxiety and stress-related symptoms among college students
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摘要:
目的 了解家庭重大变故对大学生抑郁、焦虑、压力症状的影响,为防治大学生抑郁、焦虑、压力症状提供依据。 方法 2020年10—12月对江西财经大学、上饶师范学院、赣南师范大学、福建技术师范学院、福建泉州医学高等专科学校、长江大学6所高校的9 779名大学生进行电子问卷调查,了解大学生家庭情况与心理状况相关数据,心理状况信息采用抑郁-焦虑-压力自评量表(DASS-21)采集。 结果 大学生抑郁、焦虑、压力症状检出率分别为27.4%,42.0%,17.4%;单因素分析显示,家庭结构类型与大学生焦虑、压力症状有关联(χ2值分别为8.40,13.08,P值均<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,家庭结构类型为其他(除双亲型和单亲型)与大学生焦虑(OR=1.89,95%CI=1.05~3.42)、压力症状(OR=2.48,95%CI=1.36~4.50)均呈正相关,其变故因素为父母离婚与大学生压力症状(OR=1.53,95%CI=1.05~2.20)呈正相关(P值均<0.05)。 结论 大学生抑郁焦虑压力症状的发生与家庭结构类型及变故因素相关。学校对家庭结构变故的大学生,应该重点关注其心理状况,同时应加强对此类大学生心理疏导和健康教育工作。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the effects of major family structure changes on depression, anxiety and stress symptoms of college students, and to provide theoretical basis for mental health promotion and prevention. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 9 779 college students from 6 universities, including Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Shangrao Normal University, Gannan Normal University, Fujian Polytechnic Normal University, and Changjiang University, by using the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 Items (DASS-21). Results The prevalence rates of depression, anxiety and stress symptoms among college students were 27.4%, 42.0% and 17.4%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that family structure was associated with anxiety and stress symptoms (χ2=8.40, 13.08, P < 0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that specific family structure other than single-or two-parent family was positively correlated with anxiety(OR=1.89, 95%CI=1.05-3.42) and stress symptoms (OR=2.48, 95%CI=1.36-4.50), family structure changes due to parental divorce was positively correlated with stress symptoms (OR=1.53, 95%CI=1.05-2.20)(P < 0.05). Conclusion The occurrence of depression, anxiety and stress symptoms of college students is related to the type of family structure and the changing factors. Colleges should pay more attention to the mental condition of college students with family structure changes, and deliver various mental health promotion services including psychological counseling and health education. -
Key words:
- Family /
- Life change events /
- Depression /
- Anxiety /
- Regression analysis /
- Students
1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。 -
表 1 不同组别大学生抑郁、焦虑、压力症状检出率比较
Table 1. Comparison of the prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress symptoms among different groups of college students
组别 选项 人数 抑郁 焦虑 压力 检出人数 χ2值 P值 检出人数 χ2值 P值 检出人数 χ2值 P值 性别 男 4 282 1 337(31.2) 72.97 <0.01 1 823(42.6) 1.00 0.32 853(19.9) 33.54 <0.01 女 5 497 1 339(24.4) 2 285(41.6) 849(15.4) 年级 大一 4 032 1 029(25.5) 19.58 <0.01 1 762(43.7) 15.57 <0.01 697(17.3) 5.60 0.13 大二 3 039 906(29.8) 1 229(40.4) 540(17.8) 大三 1 795 504(28.1) 708(39.4) 287(16.0) 大四 913 277(30.3) 409(44.8) 178(19.5) 户籍所在地 城镇 6 378 1 799(28.2) 1.71 0.19 2 732(42.8) 5.14 0.02 1 111(17.4) <0.01 0.96 农村 3 401 917(27.0) 1 376(40.5) 591(17.4) 营养状况 消瘦 2 408 667(27.7) 2.45 0.48 971(40.3) 5.87 0.12 391(16.2) 6.68 0.08 正常 6 116 1 678(27.4) 2 606(42.6) 1 075(17.6) 超重 998 293(29.4) 412(41.3) 179(17.9) 肥胖 257 78(30.4) 119(46.3) 57(22.2) 是否独生子女 是 2 623 731(27.9) 0.02 0.90 1 028(39.2) 11.67 <0.01 462(17.6) 0.11 0.74 否 7 156 1 985(27.7) 3 080(43.0) 1 240(17.3) 家庭年总收入/元 ≤50 000 5 671 1 623(28.6) 7.40 0.06 2 475(43.6) 24.10 <0.01 1 003(17.7) 6.87 0.08 50 001~100 000 1 864 497(26.7) 773(41.5) 312(16.7) 100 001~150 000 1 118 314(28.1) 455(40.7) 182(16.3) ≥150 001 1 126 282(25.0) 405(36.0) 175(15.5) 家庭经济情况 差 2 675 912(34.1) 75.07 <0.01 1 324(49.5) 94.92 <0.01 574(21.5) 43.64 <0.01 中 6 338 1 625(25.6) 2 525(39.8) 994(15.7) 好 766 179(23.4) 259(33.8) 134(17.5) 家庭结构类型 双亲(均为生父母) 8 982 2 484(27.7) 2.97 0.40 3 766(41.9) 8.40 0.04 1 542(17.2) 13.08 <0.01 双亲(生/继父母) 284 88(31.0) 120(42.3) 51(18.0) 单亲 465 127(27.3) 192(41.3) 92(19.8) 其他 48 17(35.4) 30(62.5) 17(35.4) 是否有留守经历 是 1 005 355(35.3) 31.83 <0.01 534(53.1) 56.92 <0.01 235(23.4) 27.85 <0.01 否 8 774 2 361(26.9) 3 574(40.7) 1 467(16.7) 是否剧烈运动 是 3 633 982(27.0) 1.59 0.21 1 516(41.7) 0.19 0.67 605(16.7) 2.27 0.13 否 6 146 1 734(28.2) 2 592(42.2) 1 097(17.8) 是否适度运动 是 3 633 1 198(33.0) 38.49 <0.01 1 981(59.5) 2.52 0.11 751(20.7) 20.96 <0.01 否 6 146 1 518(24.7) 2 127(34.6) 951(15.5) 注:家庭结构类型中“其他”主要包括大学生父母双亡与祖辈共同生活非留守状态的特殊家庭结构,以及父母双亡寄养他人家庭的特殊家庭结构和其他特殊家庭结构;()内数字为检出率/%。 表 2 不同家庭结构类型变故因素与大学生抑郁焦虑压力症状关联分析
Table 2. Correlation analysis of family structure type and depression, anxiety and stress symptoms of college students
家庭变故因素 选项 人数 抑郁 焦虑 压力 检出人数 χ2值 P值 检出人数 χ2值 P值 检出人数 χ2值 P值 丧父 是 195 43(22.1) 6.23 0.01 78(40.0) 0.89 0.35 28(14.4) 5.26 0.02 否 602 189(31.4) 264(43.9) 132(21.9) 丧母 是 77 19(24.7) 0.81 0.37 30(39.0) 0.54 0.46 13(16.9) 0.54 0.46 否 720 213(29.6) 312(43.3) 147(20.4) 父母离婚 是 463 146(31.5) 3.15 0.08 209(45.1) 2.24 0.13 107(23.1) 6.34 0.01 否 334 86(25.7) 133(39.8) 53(15.9) 父母再婚 是 327 98(30.0) 0.20 0.66 137(41.9) 0.23 0.63 65(19.9) 0.01 0.91 否 470 134(28.5) 205(43.6) 95(20.2) 注: ()内数字为检出率/%。 表 3 家庭结构类型与大学生抑郁焦虑压力症状Logistic回归分析(n=9 779)
Table 3. Type of family structure and Logistic regression analysis of depression, anxiety and stress symptoms of college students (n=9 779)
家庭结构 抑郁a 焦虑b 压力c β值 OR值(OR值95%CI) P值 β值 OR值(OR值95%CI) P值 β值 OR值(OR值95%CI) P值 双亲(生/继父母) 0.16 1.18(0.91~1.52) 0.22 -0.03 0.97(0.76~1.24) 0.83 0.05 1.05(0.77~1.43) 0.78 单亲 -0.08 0.93(0.75~1.15) 0.48 -0.11 0.89(0.74~1.08) 0.25 0.13 1.14(0.90~1.45) 0.27 其他 0.27 1.31(0.72~2.39) 0.38 0.64 1.89(1.05~3.42) 0.04 0.91 2.48(1.36~4.50) <0.01 注: a控制性别、年级、家庭经济情况、曾经是否留守、是否适度运动因素;b控制年级、户籍所在地、是否独生子女、家庭年收入、家庭经济状况、曾经是否留守因素;c控制性别、家庭经济情况、曾经是否留守、是否适度运动因素;“其他”主要包括大学生父母双亡与祖辈共同生活非留守状态的特殊家庭结构,以及父母双亡寄养他人家庭的特殊家庭结构和其他特殊家庭结构。 表 4 家庭结构变故因素与大学生抑郁焦虑压力症状Logistic回归分析(n=797)
Table 4. Logistic regression analysis of family structure and depression, anxiety and stress symptoms of college students (n=797)
自变量 抑郁a 焦虑b 压力c β值 OR值(OR值95%CI) P值 β值 OR值(OR值95%CI) P值 β值 OR值(OR值95%CI) P值 丧父 -0.44 0.65(0.44~1.06) 0.07 -0.14 0.87(0.61~1.23) 0.43 -0.52 0.60(0.38~1.15) 0.06 丧母 -0.26 0.77(0.44~1.34) 0.35 -0.18 0.84(0.51~1.37) 0.48 -0.24 0.79(0.42~1.49) 0.46 父母离婚 0.26 1.30(0.94~1.79) 0.12 0.14 1.15(0.85~1.55) 0.36 0.42 1.53(1.05~2.20) 0.03 父母再婚 0.04 1.04(0.76~1.44) 0.80 -0.06 0.95(0.68~1.32) 0.75 0.72 1.19(0.79~1.78) 0.41 注:a为丧母、父母离婚、父母再婚均控制丧父因素。b为丧父控制父母离婚因素,丧母、父母再婚控制丧父和父母离婚因素,父母离婚控制丧父因素。c为丧母控制丧父和父母离婚因素;父母再婚控制丧父和父母离婚因素。 -
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