家庭教养方式与3~6岁儿童情绪行为问题的关联

黄永玲; 李若瑜; 方亮; 吴曙东; 万宇辉; 何海燕; 彭春燕; 王心柱

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.02.019

家庭教养方式与3~6岁儿童情绪行为问题的关联

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.02.019

1.
安徽省妇女儿童保健中心儿童保健部，合肥 230061
2.
安徽医科大学公共卫生学院
3.
芜湖市妇幼保健院
4.
六安市妇幼保健院
5.
阜阳市妇幼保健院

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 81773453

详细信息

作者简介:
黄永玲(1980-)，女，安徽六安人，硕士，副主任医师，主要研究方向为儿童早期发展

通讯作者:
万宇辉，E-mail：wyhayd@163.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: G78 B844.1
计量
- 文章访问数: 1267
- HTML全文浏览量: 534
- PDF下载量: 149
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-11-02
- 修回日期: 2021-12-29
- 网络出版日期: 2022-02-24
- 刊出日期: 2022-02-25

Relationship between family rearing style and 3-6-year-old children's emotional and behavioral problems

1.
Child Healthcare Department, Anhui Women and Children Medical Care Center, Hefei (230061), China

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨家庭教养方式与3~6岁学龄前儿童情绪行为问题的关联及性别差异，为儿童情绪行为问题的早期预防和干预提供参考。方法采用分层整群抽样方法，于2021年6月选取安徽省芜湖、六安、阜阳3个市36所幼儿园的9 647名3~6岁儿童为研究对象，采用自编一般情况调查表、父母版长处和困难问卷及父母教养方式量表对儿童监护人进行调查。结果儿童困难总分异常检出率为6.5%，男童检出率(7.1%)高于女童(5.8%)。家庭教养方式溺爱性、放任性、专制性和不一致性高分组的儿童情绪行为异常检出率均高于低分组(χ²值分别为210.32，203.87，102.70，212.69，P值均＜0.01)，检出率随得分增加呈上升趋势；而民主性高分组的儿童情绪行为异常检出率低于低分组(χ²=156.24，P＜0.01)，检出率随得分增加呈降低趋势。Logistic回归分析结果显示，教养方式高水平溺爱性(OR=4.31)、放任性(OR=4.16)、专制性(OR=3.36)、不一致性(OR=4.76)与儿童情绪行为问题高风险相关，而高水平民主性(OR=0.34)与情绪行为问题低风险相关；男童中、高分组溺爱性教养方式出现情绪行为问题的风险高于女童(OR值分别为1.90，2.13)(P值均＜0.05)。结论家庭教养方式会影响3~6岁儿童情绪行为问题的发生，男童是溺爱教养方式负面影响的敏感人群，良好的教养方式有益于儿童情绪行为问题的防控。
- 精神卫生 /
- 家庭 /
- 教育 /
- 情绪 /
- 回归分析 /
- 儿童, 学龄前
Abstract: Objective To explore the relationship and gender difference between family rearing styles with emotional and behavior problems in preschool children aged 3-6 years, so as to provide reference for early prevention and intervention of children's emotional and behavior problems. Methods Using the method of stratified cluster sampling, 9 647 children aged 3-6 years old from 36 kindergartens in Wuhu, Lu'an and Fuyang of Anhui Province were selected in June 2021. Primary caregivers were investigated with self-designed questionnaire, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (parents version) and Parental Rearing Style Scale. Results The detection rate of elevated SDQ total difficulty score was 6.5%, with boys (7.1%) higher than that of girls (5.8%). The detection rate of abnormal emotional behavior were significantly higher in children with high scores on doting, laissez faire, autocracy and inconsistency of family rearing style, compared with those in the low score group (χ²=210.32, 203.87, 102.70, 212.69, P < 0.01), and the detection rate increased with the increase of score. However, the detection rate of abnormal emotional behavior in the high score group of democracy was significantly lower than that in the low score group (χ²=156.24, P < 0.01), and the detection rate decreased with the increase of score. Logistic regression analysis showed that high-level doting (OR=4.31), laissez faire (OR=4.16), autocracy (OR=3.36) and inconsistency (OR=4.76) of family rearing style were associated with high risk of children's emotional behavior problems, while high-level of democracy (OR=0.34) in family rearing style was associated with low risk of emotional behavior problems. The comparison between boys and girls showed that the risk of emotional and behavioral problems in the indulgent rearing style of boys was significantly higher than that of girls (OR=1.90, 2.13) (P < 0.05). Conclusion Family rearing styles are associated with emotional and behavioral problems among preschool children. Boys are sensitive to the negative impact of doting rearing style. Good rearing styles is beneficial to the prevention and control of children's emotional and behavioral problems.
- Mental health /
- Family /
- Education /
- Emotions /
- Regression analysis /
- Child, preschool
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

HTML全文

表 1 不同人口统计学特征及家庭生活因素的3~6岁儿童情绪行为异常检出率比较

Table 1. Comparison of detection rates of 3-6-year-old children's emotional and behavior problems with different characteristics and family life factors

人口统计学指标	选项	人数	异常人数	χ²值	P值	人口统计学指标	选项	人数	异常人数	χ²值	P值
性别	男	4 983	355(7.1)	6.85	＜0.01	母亲文化程度	初中及以下	2 197	229(10.4)	82.16	＜0.01
	女	4 664	271(5.8)				高中或中专	2 619	171(6.5)
年龄/岁	3	1 027	79(7.7)	5.42	0.14		大专及以上	4 831	226(4.7)
	4	3 586	246(6.9)			父亲年龄/岁	＜30	1 046	98(9.4)	19.84	＜0.01
	5	2 961	177(6.0)				30~39	6 999	447(6.4)
	6	2 073	124(6.0)				≥40	1 602	81(5.1)
早产	是	483	49(10.1)	11.20	＜0.01	母亲年龄/岁	＜30	1 665	139(8.3)	14.29	＜0.01
	否	9 164	577(6.3)				30~39	6 978	438(6.3)
出生体重/kg	＜2.5	405	46(11.4)	16.68	＜0.01		≥40	1 004	49(4.9)
	2.5~ < 4.0	7 737	482(6.2)			母亲生育年龄/岁	＜30	6 884	458(6.7)	1.29	0.53
	≥4.0	1 505	98(6.5)				30~39	2 644	162(6.1)
是否独生子女	是	3 451	207(6.0)	2.13	0.14		≥40	119	6(5.0)
	否	6 196	419(6.8)			每天户外活动时间/h	＜1	1 337	132(9.9)	31.09	＜0.01
家庭结构	大家庭	4 028	293(7.3)	23.68	＜0.01		1~ < 2	5 280	324(6.1)
	核心家庭	5 373	303(5.6)				2~ < 3	2 292	123(5.4)
	其他家庭	246	30(12.2)				≥3	738	47(6.4)
家庭人均月收入/元	＜3 000	901	98(10.9)	39.96	＜0.01	每天视屏时间/h	0	516	31(6.0)	50.47	＜0.01
	3 000~ < 6 000	3 698	246(6.7)				0~ < 1	4 730	246(5.2)
	6 000~ < 10 000	3 209	197(6.1)				1~ < 2	3 603	256(7.1)
	≥10 000	1 839	85(4.6)				≥2	798	93(11.7)
主要照护人	父母	7 896	494(6.3)	7.93	0.02	每周参加兴趣班次数/次	＜3	5 399	413(7.6)	27.22	＜0.01
	祖辈	1 634	118(7.2)				3~4	3 596	180(5.0)
	其他	117	14(12.0)				＞4	652	33(5.1)
父亲文化程度	初中及以下	1 915	177(9.2)	53.89	＜0.01	睡眠时间不足	是	5 421	416(7.7)	28.63	＜0.01
	高中或中专	2 806	214(7.6)				否	4 226	210(5.0)
	大专及以上	4 926	235(4.8)
注： ()内数字为检出率/%。

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 不同家庭教养方式与3~6岁儿童情绪行为问题关联的Logistic回归分析[OR值(OR值95%CI)]

Table 2. Logistic regression analysis on the relationship between different family rearing style and 3-6-year-old children's emotional and behavior problems[OR(OR 95%CI)]

家庭教养方式	分组	人数	情绪行为异常人数	原始模型	控制模型
溺爱性	低分组	3 306	104	1.00	1.00
	中分组	4 315	256	1.94(1.54~2.45)	1.89(1.49~2.39)
	高分组	2 026	266	4.65(3.68~5.88)	4.31(3.40~5.47)
民主性	低分组	2 218	264	1.00	1.00
	中分组	4 824	277	0.45(0.38~0.54)	0.55(0.46~0.67)
	高分组	2 605	85	0.25(0.19~0.32)	0.34(0.26~0.45)
放任性	低分组	2 270	69	1.00	1.00
	中分组	5 242	280	1.80(1.38~2.35)	1.71(1.31~2.24)
	高分组	2 135	277	4.76(3.63~6.24)	4.16(3.16~5.48)
专制性	低分组	2 126	63	1.00	1.00
	中分组	5 454	343	2.20(1.67~2.89)	2.05(1.55~2.70)
	高分组	2 067	220	3.90(2.93~5.20)	3.36(2.51~4.50)
不一致性	低分组	2 874	81	1.00	1.00
	中分组	4 846	289	2.19(1.70~2.81)	2.12(1.65~2.74)
	高分组	1 927	256	5.28(4.09~6.83)	4.76(3.67~6.19)
注： P值均＜0.01。

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 不同家庭教养方式与3~6岁儿童情绪行为问题关联的性别差异[OR值(OR值95%CI)]

Table 3. Gender differences in the relationship between different family rearing styles and 3-6-year-old children's emotional and behavior problems[OR(OR 95%CI)]

家庭教养方式	分组	男童	女童	男童与女童比较
溺爱性	低分组	1.00	1.00
	中分组	2.57(1.81~3.58)^*	1.35(0.97~1.90)	1.90(1.18~3.07)^*
	高分组	6.36(4.54~8.91)^*	2.98(2.12~4.18)^*	2.13(1.32~3.44)^*
民主性	低分组	1.00	1.00
	中分组	0.59(0.46~0.75)^*	0.49(0.37~0.65)^*	1.20(0.83~1.75)
	高分组	0.28(0.20~0.41)^*	0.40(0.27~0.58)^*	0.70(0.41~1.18)
放任性	低分组	1.00	1.00
	中分组	1.88(1.29~2.74)^*	1.58(1.07~2.34)^**	1.19(0.69~2.05)
	高分组	4.98(3.41~7.27)^*	3.58(2.39~5.35)^*	1.39(0.80~2.42)
专制性	低分组	1.00	1.00
	中分组	2.04(1.41~2.94)^*	2.08(1.36~3.17)^*	0.98(0.56~1.72)
	高分组	3.80(2.59~5.59)^*	2.98(1.90~4.95)^*	1.28(0.69~2.36)
不一致性	低分组	1.00	1.00
	中分组	2.50(1.76~3.54)^*	1.86(1.28~2.70)^*	1.34(0.81~2.24)
	高分组	6.18(4.33~8.81)^*	3.85(2.62~5.65)^*	1.61(0.95~2.71)
注： * P＜0.05，**P＜0.01。

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(27)

[1]	章景丽, 陈瑞美, 陈秋, 等. 家庭因素与学龄前儿童情绪与行为问题的关联研究[J]. 中华疾病控制杂志, 2019, 23(2): 168-171. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JBKZ201902009.htm ZHANG J L, CHEN R M, CHEN Q, et al. Study on the relationship between family factors and preschool children's emotional and behavioral problems[J]. Chin J Dis Control Prev, 2019, 23(2): 168-171. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JBKZ201902009.htm
[2]	邓延峰, 季建林, 范建红, 等. 上海市23325名学龄前儿童行为、情绪问题调查分析[J]. 中国社区医师, 2019, 35(11): 159-160, 163. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-614x.2019.11.114 DENG Y F, JI J L, FAN J H, et al. Investigation and analysis of behavior and emotional problems of 23325 preschool children in Shanghai[J]. Chin Commun Doct, 2019, 35(11): 159-160, 163. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-614x.2019.11.114
[3]	韩贝贝, 黄惠萍, 姚星, 等. 鄂州市学龄前儿童视屏时间与情绪行为问题的关系[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2019, 40(11): 1669-1671. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2019.11.019 HAN B B, HUANG H P, YAO X, et al. Relationship between video time and emotional behavior problems of preschool children in Ezhou[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2019, 40(11): 1669-1671. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2019.11.019
[4]	曾佩佩, 冯玉山, 曾婷, 等. 柳州市学龄期儿童情绪与行为问题分析[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志, 2019, 27(9): 1005-1007. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ERTO201909020.htm ZENG P P, FENG Y S, ZENG T, et al. Analysis of emotional and behavioral problems of school-age children in Liuzhou[J]. Chin J Child Heal Care, 2019, 27(9): 1005-1007. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ERTO201909020.htm
[5]	FU Y, HOU X, JIA L, et al. 1418-How do the genetic and environmental factor influence the mental health of Chongqing twins children[J]. Eur Psych, 2013, 28(Suppl 1): 1.
[6]	张媛媛, 金星明, 卞晓燕. 上海城市幼儿情绪和社会性早期发展现状及影响因素分析[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志, 2020, 28(4): 447-451. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ERTO202004025.htm ZHANG Y Y, JIN X M, BIAN X Y. Analysis on the current situation and influencing factors of early emotional and social development of urban children in Shanghai[J]. Chin J Child Heal Care, 2020, 28(4): 447-451. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ERTO202004025.htm
[7]	陈秋, 于伟平, 陈瑞美, 等. 学龄前儿童生活方式对情绪与行为问题影响的研究[J]. 现代预防医学, 2021, 48(1): 82-85. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XDYF202101020.htm CHEN Q, YU W P, CHEN R M, et al. Study on the influence of preschool children's lifestyle on emotional and behavioral problems[J]. Mod Prev Med, 2021, 48(1): 82-85. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XDYF202101020.htm
[8]	韩阿珠, 张国宝, 苏普玉, 等. 家庭教养方式对学龄前儿童行为和情绪问题的影响[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2018, 39(12): 1773-1778. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.12.004 HAN A Z, ZHANG G B, SU P Y, et al. Effects of family rearing patterns on behavior and emotional problems of preschool children[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2018, 39(12): 1773-1778. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.12.004
[9]	栾风焕, 杜亚松, 江文庆, 等. 上海市区学龄期儿童情绪和行为问题及其影响因素研究[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志, 2018, 26(2): 137-140. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ERTO201802009.htm LUAN F H, DU Y S, JIANG W Q, et al. Study on emotional and behavioral problems and their influencing factors of school-age children in Shanghai[J]. Chin J Child Heal Care, 2018, 26(2): 137-140. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ERTO201802009.htm
[10]	刘起, 张琦, 黄向, 等. 基于气质的学龄前儿童行为问题结构方程模型的研究[J]. 中国妇幼保健, 2013, 28(3): 436-438. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZFYB201303021.htm LIU Q, ZHANG Q, HUANG X, et al. Research on structural equation model of preschool children's behavior problems based on temperament[J]. Matern Child Health Care China, 2013, 28(3): 436-438. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZFYB201303021.htm
[11]	MOLLER E L, NIKOLIC M, MAJDANDZI M, et al. Associations between maternal and paternal parenting behaviors, anxiety and its precursors in early childhood: a Meta-analysis[J]. Clin Psycholy Rev, 2008, 35(45): 17-33.
[12]	徐耿, 宫相君, 朱子清. 学龄前儿童睡眠障碍在儿童行为情绪问题与父母教养方式间中介效应[J]. 中国公共卫生, 2020, 36(8): 1143-1146. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGGW202008005.htm XU G, GONG X J, ZHU Z Q. Mediating effect of sleep disorders in preschool children between children's behavioral and emotional problems and parental rearing styles[J]. Chin J Public Health, 2020, 36(8): 1143-1146. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGGW202008005.htm
[13]	雷丽丽, 冉光明, 张琪. 父母教养方式与幼儿焦虑关系的三水平元分析[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2020, 36(3): 329-340. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XLFZ202003010.htm LEI L L, RAN G M, ZHANG Q. A three-level Meta-analysis of the relationship between parental rearing styles and children's anxiety[J]. Psychol Devel Educ, 2020, 36(3): 329-340. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XLFZ202003010.htm
[14]	苏英, 郭菲, 陈祉妍. 父亲共同养育与儿童行为问题的关系: 母亲焦虑及心理控制的多重中介作用[J]. 中国临床心理学杂志, 2019, 27(6): 1210-1219. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZLCY201906028.htm SU Y, GUO F, CHEN Z Y. The relationship between father co parenting and children's behavior problems: multiple mediating effects of mother anxiety and psychological control[J]. Chin J Clin Psychol, 2019, 27(6): 1210-1219. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZLCY201906028.htm
[15]	国家卫生和计划生育委员会. 0~5岁儿童睡眠卫生指南: WS/T 579—2017[S]. 2017-10-12. National Health and Family Planning Commission of the PRC. Guidelines for sleep hygiene for children aged 0 to 5 years: WS/T 579-2017[S]. 2017-10-12.
[16]	杨丽珠, 杨春卿. 幼儿气质与母亲教养方式的选择[J]. 心理科学, 1998, 21(1): 43-46. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XLKX199801010.htm YANG L Z, YANG C Q. Children's temperament and the choice of mother's rearing style[J]. Psychol Sci, 1998, 21(1): 43-46. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XLKX199801010.htm
[17]	寇建华, 杜亚松, 夏黎明. 儿童长处和困难问卷(父母版)上海常模的信度和效度[J]. 上海精神医学, 2005, 17(1): 25-28. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JSYI200501006.htm KOU J H, DU Y S, XIA L M. Reliability and validity of Shanghai Norm of Children's Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (parents version)[J]. Shanghai Arch Psychiatry, 2005, 17(1): 25-28. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JSYI200501006.htm
[18]	杨玉凤, 王惠珊, 洪琦, 等. 儿童发育行为心理评定量表[M]. 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2016: 373-376. YANG Y F, WANG H S, HONG Q, et al. Child developmental behavior psychological assessment scale[M]. Beijing: People's Health Publishing House, 2016: 373-376.
[19]	崔洁, 王燕玲. 北京市某区4所幼儿园3~6岁儿童心理与行为问题现况调查[J]. 中国妇幼卫生杂志, 2017, 8(4): 14-18. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YZWS201704004.htm CUI J, WANG Y L. Investigation on psychological and behavioral problems of 3-6-year-old children in four kindergartens in a district of Beijing[J]. Chin J Women Child Health, 2017, 8(4): 14-18. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YZWS201704004.htm
[20]	刘雯雯, 伍晓艳, 陶舒曼. 学龄前儿童健康危害行为与情绪行为问题的关联研究[J]. 中华预防医学杂志, 2020, 54(11): 1255-1260. LIU W W, WU X Y, TAO S M. Study on the relationship between health hazard behavior and emotional behavior problems of preschool children[J]. Chin J Prev Med, 2020, 54(11): 1255-1260.
[21]	PENG B, JIN J, YU J, et al. Trajectories and the influencing factors of behavior problems in preschool children: a longitudinal study in Guangzhou, China[J]. BMC Psychiatry, 2016, 16: 178-188.
[22]	ELSE-QUEST N M, HYDE J S, GOLDSMITH H H, et al. Gender differences in temperament: a Meta-analysis[J]. Psychol Bull, 2006, 132: 33-72.
[23]	MATTHEWS J S, PONITZ C C, MORRISON F J. Early gender differences in self-regulation and academic achievement[J]. J Educ Psychol, 2009, 101: 689-704.
[24]	MOLLER E L, NIKOLIC M, MAJDANDZI M, et al. Associations between maternal and paternal parenting behaviors, anxiety and its precursors in early childhood: a Meta-analysis[J]. Clinl Psychol Rev, 2008, 35(45): 17-33.
[25]	VANDER B C O, STARNS C J, BOGELS S M. The relation between child and parent anxiety and parental control: a Meta-analysis review[J]. J Child Psychol Psych, 2008, 49(12): 1257-1269.
[26]	MCLEOD B D, WEISZ J R, WOOD J J. Examining the association between parenting and childhood depression: a Meta-analysis[J]. Clin Psychol Rev, 2008, 27: 986-1003.
[27]	MCLEOD B D, WOOD J J, WEISZ J R. Examining the association between parenting and childhood anxiety: a Meta-analysis[J]. Clin Psychol Rev, 2008, 27: 155-172.