学龄前儿童睡眠问题及影响因素分析

徐耿; 刘阳; 刘继杰; 褚英; 耿梦龙; 陶芳标; 彭磊

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.02.017

学龄前儿童睡眠问题及影响因素分析

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.02.017

徐耿¹,
刘阳¹,
刘继杰¹,
褚英¹,
耿梦龙²,
陶芳标²,
彭磊^1, ,

1.
江苏省徐州市妇幼保健计划生育服务中心保健部, 221009
2.
安徽医科大学公共卫生学院儿少卫生与妇幼保健学系

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 81573168

详细信息

作者简介:
徐耿(1994-), 男, 安徽淮北人, 硕士, 实习研究员, 主要研究方向为儿童行为发育

通讯作者:
彭磊, E-mail: xzfypl@163.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 B844.1
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-08-20
- 修回日期: 2021-10-20
- 网络出版日期: 2022-02-24
- 刊出日期: 2022-02-25

A survey of sleep problems and influencing factors among preschoolers

1.
Department of Health, Xuzhou Maternal and Child Health Family Planning Service Center, Xuzhou (221009), Jiangsu Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解学龄前儿童睡眠问题的流行现状和影响因素, 为有效改善学龄前儿童睡眠问题提供参考。方法 2017年12月—2018年6月采用自编问卷, 利用随机整群抽样的方法对扬州、镇江、徐州3座城市的8 456名在园学龄前儿童的家长进行问卷调查。由家长或主要监护人完成一般人口学特征、视屏时间、睡眠模式和儿童睡眠习惯量表(CSHQ)。结果被调查儿童平均夜间睡眠时长为(9.91±0.64)h, 睡眠不足率为51.7%, 随着年龄的增长睡眠不足率逐渐增加(χ_趋势²=34.19, P < 0.01);被调查儿童CSHQ量表得分为(49.46±5.02), 总体睡眠问题发生率为95.0%, 不同类型睡眠问题的发生率为2.3%~76.4%。二分类Logistic回归分析显示, 是否为独生子女、母亲年龄、父亲文化水平、家庭经济水平与学龄前儿童睡眠问题的发生相关(P值均 < 0.05)。结论学龄前儿童睡眠问题发生率较高, 且与独生子女、父亲文化水平、家庭经济水平等因素有关。家长和社会应提高对学龄前儿童睡眠问题的关注。
- 睡眠 /
- 精神卫生 /
- 回归分析 /
- 儿童, 学龄前
Abstract: Objective To investigate the prevalence of sleep problems and influencing factors among preschoolers, so as to provide a reference for healthy sleep behaviors among preschoolers. Methods From December 2017 to June 2018, a questionnaires study was administered to parents of 8 456 preschoolers from kindergartens in Yangzhou, Zhenjiang and Xuzhou by using random cluster sampling method. Demographic characteristics, screen time, sleep patterns and the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) were colleted. Results The average night-sleep duration was (9.91±0.64)h, the rate of sleep deprivation was 51.7%, which increased with age (χ_trend²=34.19, P < 0.01). The total scores of CSHQ were (49.46±5.02), and the prevalence of sleep problems was 95.0%, with the prevalence of specific sleep problems ranged from 2.3% to 76.4%. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that only-child, mothers' age, parental education, and household economic status was significantly associated the sleep problems (P < 0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of sleep problems among preschool children is more prominent, varies by only-child, parental education and household economic status. Parents and society should raise awareness of sleep problems.
- Sleep /
- Mental health /
- Regression analysis /
- Child, preschool
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

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表 1 不同年龄学龄前儿童睡眠模式比较(x±s)

Table 1. Comparison of sleep patterns of preschoolers in differences age groups(x±s)

年龄/岁	人数	晨起时间	就寝时间	夜间睡眠时长/h	总睡眠时长/h
3	1 101	7:49±0:51	21:50±0:61	9.98±0.68	11.00±1.12
4	2 461	7:45±0:47	21:48±0:61	9.97±0.64	10.80±1.09
5	2 930	7:41±0:43	21:53±0:59	9.88±0.62	10.51±1.11
6	1 958	7:38±0:41	21:52±0:63	9.86±0.63	10.36±1.07
F值		16.87^**	3.06^*	18.35^**	113.06^**
注： P＜0.05，*P＜0.01。

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表 2 不同性别年龄组学龄前儿童睡眠问题发生率比较

Table 2. Comparison of sleep problems among preschoolers with different gender and age groups

组别	选项	人数	统计值	就寝阻抗	睡眠延迟	睡眠持续时间	睡眠焦虑	夜醒	异态睡眠	睡眠障碍性呼吸	日间嗜睡	总睡眠问题
性别	男	4 435		3 205(72.3)	2 008(45.3)	3 382(76.3)	635(14.3)	200(4.5)	116(2.6)	182(4.1)	309(7.0)	4 208(94.9)
	女	4 021		2 884(71.7)	1 766(43.9)	3 080(76.6)	592(14.7)	155(3.9)	82(2.0)	89(2.2)	346(8.9)	3 822(95.1)
			χ²值	0.31	1.57	0.14	0.28	2.25	3.06	24.29^**	7.91^**	0.13
年龄/岁	3	1 101		814(73.9)	439(39.9)	834(75.7)	164(14.9)	53(4.8)	29(2.6)	31(2.8)	92(8.4)	1 054(95.7)
	4	2 461		1 825(74.0)	1 075(43.6)	1 905(77.2)	342(13.9)	123(5.0)	72(2.9)	85(3.4)	212(8.6)	2 352(95.3)
	5	2 930		2 092(71.4)	1 312(44.8)	2 248(76.7)	447(15.3)	108(3.7)	54(1.8)	84(2.9)	227(7.7)	2 773(94.6)
	6	1 958		1 358(69.4)	948(48.4)	1 475(75.3)	274(14.0)	71(3.6)	43(2.2)	71(3.6)	124(6.3)	1 851(94.5)
			χ_趋势²值	12.72^**	21.35^**	0.48	0.01	6.10^*	3.31	0.48	6.76^*	3.14
注： ()内数字为发生率/%；P＜0.05，*P＜0.01。

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表 3 学龄前儿童睡眠问题相关因素Logistic回归分析(n=8 456)

Table 3. Logistic regression analysis of related factors of sleep disorders in preschoolers(n=8 456)

自变量	选项	β值	标准误	Wald χ²值	OR值(OR值95%CI)
独生子女	是				1.00
	否	-0.30	0.11	7.86	0.74(0.60~0.91)^**
母亲年龄		-0.06	0.01	26.49	0.94(0.92~0.97)^**
父亲文化程度	初中及以下				1.00
	高中/中专	0.32	0.18	3.14	1.37(0.97~1.94)
	本科/大专	0.70	0.17	17.00	2.00(1.44~2.79)^**
	研究生及以上	0.96	0.22	18.58	2.62(1.69~4.05)^**
自评家庭经济	很好				1.00
情况	较好	0.54	0.35	2.47	1.72(0.87~3.38)
	一般	0.72	0.33	4.77	2.04(1.08~3.88)^*
	较低	1.14	0.47	5.86	3.12(1.24~7.86)^*
	差	0.27	0.63	0.19	1.32(0.39~4.48)
注：P＜0.05，*P＜0.01。

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