中小学生心理问题与欺凌他人行为的相关性

郝义彬; 吴柯; 权菊青; 岳文娟; 马婧; 张文森; 张恒榛; 赵明扬; 田卓旸; 王碧瑶; 王盼盼; 张蔷; 秦颖; 孙长青

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.02.015

中小学生心理问题与欺凌他人行为的相关性

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.02.015

1.
郑州大学公共卫生学院社会医学与卫生事业管理学教研室，河南 450001
2.
郑州大学护理与健康学院社区护理教研室

基金项目:

2021年度郑州大学教育教学改革研究与实践项目 2021 ZZUJGLX067

河南省高等学校哲学社会科学研究应用研究重大项目 2019-YYZD-17

详细信息

作者简介:
郝义彬(1971-)，男，河南泌阳人，博士，副主任医师，主要研究方向为医院管理、社会医学与卫生事业管理

通讯作者:
孙长青，E-mail：suncq@zzu.edu.cn

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: G444 B844.2 G478
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-09-18
- 修回日期: 2021-11-16
- 网络出版日期: 2022-02-24
- 刊出日期: 2022-02-25

Correlation between mental health problems with bullying behaviors among primary and middle school students

1.
Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou (450001), China

摘要

摘要: 目的分析中小学生校园欺凌他人行为的流行特点，探讨心理问题与欺凌他人行为的关系，为干预校园欺凌者的欺凌他人行为提供参考。方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法选取河南省安阳市、南阳市和新乡市的10 581名中小学生作为调查对象，采用中国中学生心理健康量表和自制的青少年欺凌他人行为问卷，分析中小学生心理问题与校园欺凌他人行为的关系。结果在调查的学生中，欺凌他人行为报告率为12.5%，在有敌对、人际关系紧张、学习压力和情绪不平衡等心理问题的中小学生中，欺凌他人行为报告率分别为24.2%，20.3%，19.4%，20.1%。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，敌对症状(OR=3.78，95%CI=1.71~8.32)、人际关系紧张(OR=3.50，95%CI=1.62~7.57)、学习压力(OR=1.62，95%CI=1.21~2.16))和情绪不平衡(OR=2.80，95%CI=1.41~5.56)心理问题与校园欺凌他人行为相关(P值均＜0.05)。结论中小学生心理问题与欺凌他人行为的产生密切相关。应重视欺凌者的心理健康教育，从源头干预避免校园欺凌发生。
- 精神卫生 /
- 暴力 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To analyze epidemiological characteristics of campus bullying among primary and middle school students in central China to explore its relation with mental health problems, and to provide a reference for the campus bullying prevention. Methods Stratified cluster sampling method was used to select primary and middle school 10 581 students from Anyang, Nanyang and Xinxiang cities of Henan Province, Middle School Students' Mental Health Scale and the Self-designed Scale of Adolescent Bullying Behavior were used to analyze the relationship between mental health problems with campus bullying behavior. Results The total report rate of bullying penetrator was 12.5% among students in the three cities. Among primary and middle school students with mental health problems such as hostility, interpersonal stress, academic pressure and emotional imbalance, the detection rate of bullying behavior was 24.2%, 20.3%, 19.4% and 20.1%, respectively. The results of multivariate analysis showed that hostility symptoms (OR=3.78, 95%CI=1.71-8.32), interpersonal stress (OR=3.50, 95%CI=1.62-7.57), academic pressure (OR=1.62, 95%CI=1.21-2.16) and emotional imbalance (OR=2.80, 95%CI=1.41-5.56) showed a significant impact on campus bullying (P < 0.05). Conclusion Mental health problems of primary and middle school students are closely related to the occurrence of bullying behavior. It is necessary to pay attention to the mental health education of bullies and intervene bullying behaviors from the source.
- Mental health /
- Violence /
- Regression analysis /
- Students
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

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表 1 个体因素和家庭因素对中小学生欺凌他人行为影响的单因素分析

Table 1. Single-factor analysis of the influence of individual factors and family factors on bullying behavior of primary and middle school students

变量	选项	人数	欺凌他人行为	χ²值	P值
性别	男	5 486	712(13.0)	124.05	＜0.01
	女	5 095	332(6.5)
学段	小学	3 222	324(10.1)	0.33	0.85
	初中	3 718	359(9.7)
	高中	3 641	361(9.9)
成绩	优秀	3 124	251(8.0)	41.20	＜0.01
	中等	6 203	612(9.9)
	较差	1 254	181(14.4)
独生子女	是	1 709	144(8.4)	4.76	0.03
	否	8 872	900(10.1)
吸烟	无	10 434	1 004(9.6)	50.42	＜0.01
	有	147	40(27.2)
饮酒	无	8 564	647(7.6)	269.00	＜0.01
	有	2 017	397(19.7)
家庭经济状况	贫困	655	85(13.0)	8.56	0.04
	一般	6 423	634(9.9)
	较好	3 012	281(9.3)
	富裕	491	44(9.0)
与父亲关系	好	8 564	719(8.4)	109.39	＜0.01
	一般	1 849	297(16.1)
	差	168	28(16.7)
与母亲关系	好	9 503	864(9.1)	66.78	＜0.01
	一般	974	157(16.1)
	差	104	23(22.1)
父母婚姻状况	和谐	8 758	738(8.4)	119.16	＜0.01
	一般	1 314	225(17.1)
	不和谐	509	81(15.9)
注： ()内数字为报告率/%。

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表 2 中小学生心理问题对欺凌他人行为影响的单因素分析

Table 2. Univariate analysis of the influence of psychological problems on bullying behavior of primary and middle school students

心理问题	选项	人数	欺凌他人行为	χ²值	P值
强迫症	无	6 029	384(6.4)	189.62	＜0.01
	有	4 509	651(14.4)
偏执^*	无	8 650	605(7.0)	427.71	＜0.01
	有	1 889	427(22.6)
敌对症状^*	无	8 991	658(7.3)	429.11	＜0.01
	有	1 555	377(24.2)
人际关系紧张^*	无	8 148	549(6.7)	384.57	＜0.01
	有	2 381	484(20.3)
抑郁^*	无	8 291	586(7.1)	335.90	＜0.01
	有	2 263	453(20.0)
焦虑^*	无	7 846	513(6.5)	375.39	＜0.01
	有	2 680	521(19.4)
学习压力^*	无	7 639	470(6.2)	418.92	＜0.01
	有	2 910	565(19.4)
适应不良^*	无	8 123	571(7.0)	315.12	＜0.01
	有	2 404	464(19.3)
情绪不平衡^*	无	7 480	421(5.6)	514.02	＜0.01
	有	3 069	617(20.1)
心理不平衡^*	无	9 182	722(7.9)	311.57	＜0.01
	有	1 368	316(23.1)
注： ()内数字为报告率/%。*表示数据存在缺失项。

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表 3 中小学生心理问题对欺凌他人行为影响的多因素Logistic回归分析(n=10 581)

Table 3. Multi-factor analysis of the influence of psychological problems on bullying behavior of primary and middle school students(n=10 581)

自变量	选项	模型1		模型2
自变量	选项	OR值(OR值95%CI)	P值	OR值(OR值95%CI)	P值
强迫症	轻	1.10(0.92~1.30)	0.31	1.15(0.97~1.37)	0.12
	中	1.00(0.75~1.32)	0.98	1.10(0.83~1.46)	0.51
	重	0.58(0.28~1.21)	0.15	0.60(0.28~1.29)	0.19
偏执	轻	1.28(1.02~1.59)	0.03	1.27(1.01~1.59)	0.04
	中	1.17(0.77~1.79)	0.46	1.25(0.81~1.92)	0.31
	重	1.28(0.51~3.22)	0.61	1.27(0.50~3.25)	0.62
敌对症状	轻	1.38(1.11~1.72)	＜0.01	1.33(1.06~1.66)	0.01
	中	2.08(1.41~3.08)	＜0.01	1.78(1.19~2.65)	0.01
	重	4.02(1.87~8.63)	＜0.01	3.78(1.71~8.32)	＜0.01
人际关系	轻	1.17(0.94~1.45)	0.17	1.13(0.91~1.42)	0.27
紧张	中	1.48(1.02~2.17)	0.04	1.44(0.98~2.13)	0.07
	重	3.58(1.68~7.61)	＜0.01	3.50(1.62~7.57)	＜0.01
抑郁	轻	0.96(0.77~1.20)	0.74	1.03(0.82~1.29)	0.81
	中	0.64(0.43~0.96)	0.03	0.75(0.49~1.13)	0.17
	重	0.49(0.23~1.05)	0.07	0.65(0.30~1.41)	0.27
焦虑	轻	0.89(0.70~1.13)	0.32	0.96(0.75~1.22)	0.73
	中	1.11(0.77~1.59)	0.58	1.22(0.85~1.76)	0.28
	重	0.96(0.53~1.73)	0.89	0.98(0.53~1.81)	0.96
学习压力	轻	1.46(1.19~1.81)	＜0.01	1.40(1.13~1.73)	＜0.01
	中	1.80(1.36~2.39)	＜0.01	1.62(1.21~2.16)	＜0.01
	重	1.60(1.02~2.51)	＜0.04	1.33(0.83~2.11)	0.24
适应不良	轻	1.03(0.85~1.26)	0.75	0.93(0.76~1.13)	0.45
	中	0.89(0.62~1.27)	0.52	0.72(0.50~1.04)	0.08
	重	0.88(0.41~1.90)	0.74	0.60(0.27~1.33)	0.20
情绪不平衡	轻	2.11(1.71~2.61)	＜0.01	1.88(1.52~2.33)	＜0.01
	中	2.49(1.78~3.46)	＜0.01	2.16(1.54~3.04)	＜0.01
	重	3.23(1.67~6.25)	＜0.01	2.80(1.41~5.56)	＜0.01
心理不平衡	轻	1.05(0.85~1.30)	0.64	1.01(0.81~1.26)	0.92
	中	0.83(0.54~1.29)	0.41	0.84(0.53~1.32)	0.45
	重	0.49(0.18~1.35)	0.17	0.46(0.16~1.30)	0.14
注：模型1未调整任何因素；模型2调整了性别、学段、成绩、吸烟、饮酒、家庭经济状况、与父/母亲关系及父母婚姻状况等因素；各自变量均以无为参照组。

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