3种联合运动方案对睡眠障碍大学生睡眠质量改善效果评价

袁帅; 龚明俊; 哈建伟; 路畅; 郭振; 季永武; 孟雨; 邹国防

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.02.013

3种联合运动方案对睡眠障碍大学生睡眠质量改善效果评价

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.02.013

袁帅¹,
龚明俊^{2, 3},
哈建伟⁴,
路畅⁴,
郭振⁵,
季永武⁶,
孟雨⁴,
邹国防^4, ,

1.
天津体育学院运动训练科学学院, 天津 301617
2.
天津体育学院科研与研究生处
3.
北京体育大学研究生院
4.
天津体育学院社会体育与健康科学学院
5.
天津体育学院运动健康研究院
6.
天津体育学院体育教育与教育科学学院

基金项目:

天津市研究生科研创新项目资助 2020YJSS097

详细信息

作者简介:
袁帅(1996-)，男，河南南阳人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为体能训练与健康促进

通讯作者:
邹国防，E-mail：yintao1966@163.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: B844.2 G807 G647.9
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-09-13
- 修回日期: 2021-10-20
- 网络出版日期: 2022-02-24
- 刊出日期: 2022-02-25

Influence of three combined exercise programs on improving sleep quality among college students with sleep disorders

YUAN Shuai¹,
GONG Mingjun^{2, 3},
HA Jianwei⁴,
LU Chang⁴,
GUO Zhen⁵,
JI Yongwu⁶,
MENG Yu⁴,
ZOU Guofang^{4
, ,}

1.
School of Sports Training Science, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin (301617), China

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨3种联合运动方案对睡眠障碍大学生睡眠质量的改善效果, 为睡眠障碍运动干预方案的构建提供参考。方法以招募的35名存在睡眠障碍的大学生为实验对象, 随机分为有氧联合抗阻运动组(AR组)(10名)、有氧联合身心运动组(AM组)(8名)、抗阻联合身心运动组(RM组)(9名)和对照组(CG组)(8名)。运动组进行为期8周, 3次/周, 60 min/次的干预, CG组保持原有生活方式。干预前后通过匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)评估受试者主观睡眠质量及睡眠障碍减少率、Actigraph GT3X+监测受试者客观睡眠质量的变化。结果干预后AR组、AM组和RM组的PSQI总分、睡眠质量评分降低(t值分别为3.49, 2.31, 2.73;2.71, 3.00, 5.29, P值均 < 0.05), AR组的入睡时间评分、AM组的日间功能障碍评分、RM组的睡眠时间评分均降低(t值分别为2.74, 2.64, 2.29, P值均＜0.05);AM组的睡眠时间因子评分低于AR组, AM组的PSQI总分、睡眠质量因子、日间功能障碍因子评分低于CG组(P值均＜0.05)。干预后AR组、AM组和RM组的总睡眠时间、睡眠效率均提高(t值分别为-4.41, -8.37, -6.79;-4.40, -5.86, -4.91, P值均＜0.05), AM组和RM组的睡眠潜伏期、夜间觉醒时长、觉醒次数均降低(t值分别为4.18, 9.93;2.91, 3.46;4.80, 3.37, P值均＜0.05);RM组的总睡眠时间变化值、睡眠效率变化值、夜间觉醒时长变化值高于CG组, 睡眠潜伏期低于CG组(P值均＜0.05)。结论 3种联合运动方案均可提高睡眠障碍大学生的主客观睡眠质量, 降低睡眠障碍的发生率; 不同联合运动方案对睡眠障碍大学生睡眠质量的改善效果存在差异, 有氧联合身心运动方案对主观睡眠质量的改善效果突出, 抗阻联合身心运动方案对客观睡眠质量的改善效果突出。
- 运动活动 /
- 睡眠障碍 /
- 健康促进 /
- 干预性研究 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To explore the improvement influence of three combined exercise programs on sleep quality among college students with sleep disorders, so as to provide reference for the construction of exercise intervention programs for sleep disorder. Methods A total of 35 college students with sleep disorders were randomly divided into AR group (n=10), AM group (n=8), RM group (n=9) and CG group (n=8). The three exercise groups were provided with exercise intervention for 8 weeks, 3 times/week, 60 min/time, and the CG group maintained previous lifestyle.Before and after the intervention, evaluation of subjective sleep quality and reduction rate of sleep disorder by PSQI, and Actigraph GT3X+ was used to monitor the changes in the objective sleep quality. Results After the intervention, the total score of PSQI (t=3.49, 2.31, 2.73), sleep quality score (t=2.71, 3.00, 5.29), sleep duration of AR group (t=2.74), daytime dysfunction of AM group (t=2.64) and sleep duration of RM group (t=2.29) significantly decreased (P < 0.05); The scores of sleep duration in AM group were significantly lower than those in AR group, and the scores of PSQI, sleep quality and daytime dysfunction in AM group were significantly lower than those in CG group (P < 0.05). After intervention, TST (t=-4.41, -8.37, -6.79) and SE (t=-4.40, -5.86, -4.91) of AR group, AM group and RM group significantly increased(P < 0.05), SOL (t=4.18, 9.93), WASO (t=2.91, 3.46) and NA (t=4.80, 3.37) of AM group and RM group significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The changes of TST, SE and WASO in RM group were significantly higher than those in CG group, and SOL was significantly lower than those in CG group (P < 0.05). Conclusion The three kinds of combined exercise programs can improve the subjective and objective sleep quality of college students with sleep disorders, and reduce the incidence of sleep disorders; different combined exercise programs have different influence on the improvement of sleep quality of college students with sleep disorders, aerobic combined meditative movement exercise program has a prominent influence on the improvement of subjective sleep quality, and resistance combined meditative movement exercise program has a prominent influence on the improvement of objective sleep quality.
- Motor activity /
- Sleep disorders /
- Health promotion /
- Intervention studies /
- Students
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表 1 不同运动形式的运动内容、强度及说明

Table 1. The exercise content, intensity and description of different exercise forms

运动形式	时间/min	内容	强度	说明
有氧运动	25	跑步机跑步、固定自行车骑行、椭圆仪踩踏。	60%~75% HR max	每次干预选择1种练习内容，每周循环1次。
抗阻运动	25	1.下肢：壶铃下蹲、杠铃深蹲；2.腹部：仰卧卷腹、仰卧举腿；3.胸部：仰卧杠铃推胸、蝴蝶机夹胸；4.上肢：哑铃二头弯举、绳索三头下压；5.背部：高位下拉、坐姿划船、背部“T”“W”“Y”伸展；6.肩部：站姿哑铃侧平举、坐姿哑铃肩上推举。	55%~70% 1RM	按照下肢、腹部、胸部、上肢、背部、肩部的顺序进行每次2个部位，每个部位2个动作，每个动作4~6组循环练习，每3次为1个循环周期。
身心运动	25	1.调息：顺腹式呼吸、逆腹式呼吸；2.八段锦；3.太极五行功。	单个动作重复练习、多个动作练习或整套动作完整练习。	1.每次练习前，进行调息练习；2.先学习八段锦和太极五行功的单个动作，后进行多个动作练习，或整套动作完整练习；3.练习过程配音乐伴奏。
注：HR max表示最大心率；1RM表示重复1次的最大重量。

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表 1 不同组别睡眠障碍大学生运动干预前后主观睡眠质量评分比较(x±s)

Table 1. Comparison of subjective scores of different groups of college students with sleep disorders before and after exercise intervention(x±s)

组别	干预前后	统计值	PSQI总分	睡眠质量	入睡时间	睡眠时间	睡眠效率	睡眠障碍	日间功能障碍
AR组 (n=10)	干预前		9.10±3.78	1.50±0.97	2.00±1.05	1.70±0.82	0.80±1.13	1.20±0.63	1.80±1.13
AR组 (n=10)	干预后		6.00±2.98	0.90±0.74	1.00±1.05	1.40±0.52^a	0.40±0.84	1.00±0.67	1.30±0.95^b
		t值	3.49	2.71	2.74	1.00	1.08	1.00	1.86
		P值	＜0.01	0.02	0.02	0.34	0.31	0.34	0.09
AM组 (n=8)	干预前		8.13±3.18	1.50±0.54	1.75±0.89	1.00±1.07	0.75±1.16	1.38±0.52	1.75±0.71
AM组 (n=8)	干预后		5.25±1.91^c	0.75±0.46^c	1.50±0.76	0.38±0.52	0.38±0.52	1.00±0.00	1.25±0.46^c
		t值	2.31	3.00	0.80	1.67	0.89	2.05	2.64
		P值	0.04	0.02	0.45	0.14	0.40	0.08	0.03
RM组 (n=9)	干预前		8.78±2.68	1.78±0.67	2.44±0.73	1.33±1.00	0.44±0.73	1.11±0.78	1.67±0.87
干预后		7.33±2.45	1.00±0.50	2.22±0.67	0.78±0.67	0.78±0.83	1.00±0.71	1.56±0.73
		t值	2.73	5.29	1.51	2.29	-1.15	0.36	0.43
		P值	0.02	＜0.01	0.17	0.04	0.28	0.73	0.68
CG组 (n=8)	干预前		11.00±3.30	1.75±0.46	2.63±0.52	1.25±0.71	0.88±0.99	1.75±0.89	2.50±0.53
CG组 (n=8)	干预后		8.38±2.93	1.38±0.52	2.13±0.64	1.00±1.07	0.25±0.46	1.50±0.76	2.13±0.64
		t值	2.17	2.05	1.53	0.80	1.36	0.80	1.16
		P值	0.07	0.08	0.17	0.45	0.22	0.45	0.29
注：组间比较a为AR组与AM组，P＜0.05；b为AR组与CG组，P＜0.05；c为AM组与CG组，P＜0.05；受试者干预前后均未使用催眠药物，故未列出催眠药物因子。

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表 2 不同组别睡眠障碍大学生运动干预前后一周内客观睡眠质量监测指标比较(x±s)

Table 2. Comparison of objective monitoring indexes of different groups of college students with sleep disorders weekly before and after exercise intervention(x±s)

组别	干预前后	统计值	TST/min	SOL/min	WASO/min	SE/%	NA/次
AR组 (n=10)	干预前		378.84±35.32	11.91±9.59	82.68±24.78	76.89±6.37	26.16±5.14
AR组 (n=10)	干预后		414.96±45.82	10.44±4.68^b	76.00±22.57	83.56±3.73	23.52±5.50^a
		t值	-4.41	0.44	0.81	-4.40	1.31
		P值	＜0.01	0.67	0.44	＜0.01	0.22
AM组 (n=8)	干预前		420.05±36.33	17.30±9.78	85.83±43.66	80.11±8.24	23.71±7.54
AM组 (n=8)	干预后		461.46±28.79	9.13±6.46^c	66.71±33.45	85.48±6.95	18.39±6.45
		t值	-8.37	4.18	2.91	-5.86	4.80
		P值	＜0.01	＜0.01	0.02	＜0.01	＜0.01
RM组 (n=9)	干预前		417.10±29.09	16.88±4.86	91.54±29.97	81.43±4.72	25.04±5.48
RM组 (n=9)	干预后		469.29±42.94	6.45±2.41^d	64.23±16.93	87.38±3.41	19.39±4.86
		t值	-6.79	9.93	3.46	-4.91	3.37
		P值	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	0.01
CG组 (n=8)	干预前		446.43±37.86	10.60±9.34	57.58±27.00	87.16±5.51	21.27±3.36
CG组 (n=8)	干预后		463.31±43.88	16.60±13.62	57.94±25.88	87.33±5.63	21.79±3.50
		t值	-1.02	-1.05	-0.06	-0.11	-0.73
		P值	0.34	0.32	0.95	0.91	0.49
注：组间比较a为AR组与AM组，P＜0.05；b为AR组与CG组，P＜0.05；c为AM组与CG组，P＜0.05；d为RM组与CG组，P＜0.05。

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表 3 不同组别大学生运动干预前后一周内TST、WASO和SE变化值情况比较(x±s)

Table 3. Comparison of TST, WASO and SE change value among different groups of college students with weekly before and affer exersise intervention(x±s)

组别	人数	TST变化值/min	WASO变化值/min	SE变化值/%
AR组	10	36.12±25.89	6.68±26.07^a	6.67±4.80^b
AM组	8	41.41±13.00	19.11±18.66	5.36±2.59^c
RM组	9	52.19±23.07^d	27.31±23.70^d	5.94±3.63^d
CG组	8	16.89±46.95	0.36±16.39	0.16±4.12
F值		2.09	2.75	4.77
P值		0.12	0.05	0.01
注：组间比较a为AR组与RM组，P＜0.05；b为AR组与CG组，P＜0.05；c为AM组与CG组，P＜0.05；d为RM组与CG组，P＜0.05。

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