杭州市小学师生近视防控信念共性与差异研究

高铭佳; 刘淑美; 孙欣; 苏敏; 吕佳颢; 张梓瑗; 唐国忠; 邵森弟

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.02.009

杭州市小学师生近视防控信念共性与差异研究

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.02.009

1.
杭州师范大学经亨颐教育学院, 浙江 311121
2.
杭州师范大学附属仓前实验小学
3.
杭州师范大学附属五常中心小学

基金项目:

浙江省教育科学规划课题项目 2020SCG012

杭州师范大学经亨颐教育学院省优势特色学科重点培育项目 19JYXK005

2020年国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目 202010346056

详细信息

作者简介:
高铭佳(2000-), 女, 浙江温州人, 在读本科

通讯作者:
刘淑美, E-mail: liushumei@hznu.edu.cn

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: G627.8 R778.11
计量
- 文章访问数: 754
- HTML全文浏览量: 312
- PDF下载量: 58
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-08-10
- 修回日期: 2021-10-20
- 网络出版日期: 2022-02-24
- 刊出日期: 2022-02-25

Commonalities and differences in myopia prevention and control beliefs among primary school teachers and students in Hangzhou

1.
Jing Hengyi School of Education Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou (311121), China

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨小学生及教师在关于学生近视防控信念方面的共性与差异, 为近视防控教育方案的制定提供理论依据。方法采用方便抽样法, 选取杭州市2所小学三至四年级的14名学生及16名教师进行一对一深入访谈, 并运用Nvivo 11.0软件对访谈结果进行编码分析。结果师生在近视防控信念的自觉罹患性、自觉严重性、自觉有效性和自觉障碍性方面存在共性, 共性关键词共被提及114次, 其中自觉严重性、自觉有效性和自觉障碍性的共性较明显; 师生在自觉罹患性、自觉严重性与自觉障碍性方面上存在差异, 差异关键词共被提及63次, 其中自觉罹患性和自觉障碍性的差异较明显。结论师生在近视防控信念的自觉罹患性、自觉严重性、自觉有效性和自觉障碍性方面存在共性; 在自觉罹患性、自觉严重性与自觉障碍性方面上存在差异。学生应提升近视防控自觉严重性认知, 强化近视防控信念; 学校应开展近视防控健康教育活动, 提升师生近视防控能力; 政府应落实"双减"政策, 完善户外活动安全保险制度。
- 近视 /
- 综合预防 /
- 健康教育 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To explore the commonalities and differences between primary school students and teachers in beliefs of myopia prevention and control, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the education programs of myopia prevention and control. Methods Convenient sampling method was used to select 14 students and 16 teachers from grades 3 and 4 in two elementary schools in Hangzhou for one to one in-depth interviews, and the results were coded and analyzed by using Nvivo 11.0 software. Results There were commonalities in the perceived severity, benefits and barriers of myopia prevention and control beliefs among students and teachers, and the common keywords had been mentioned for 114 times, the commonalities of perceived severity, benefits and barriers were more obvious among them; there were differences in the specific attributions of perceived susceptibility, severity and barriers among students and teachers, the difference keywords had been mentioned for 63 times, the differences of perceived susceptibility, severity and barriers were more obvious among them. Conclusion There were commonalities in the perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits and barriers of myopia prevention and control beliefs between students and teachers; there were differences in the aspects of perceived susceptibility, severity and barriers between students and teachers. Adverse health outcomes of myopia and associated prevention knowledge should be enhanced among students. schools should carry out health education activities to improve the ability of teachers and students to prevent and control myopia; the government should implement the "double reduction" policy and improve the safety insurance system for outdoor activities.
- Myopia /
- Universal precautions /
- Health education /
- Students
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

HTML全文

表 1 受访学生背景资料

Table 1. Background information of the interviewed students

编码	性别	视力状况	自己拥有的电子产品
S3-1	女	未近视	平板
S3-2	男	未近视	家教机、平板、手机
S3-3	女	未近视	平板、电话手表
S3-4	男	近视	电话手表
S3-5	女	近视	无
S3-6	男	近视	无
S3-8	女	未近视	无
S3-10	男	近视	手机
S3-11	男	未近视	平板
S3-12	女	未近视	平板
S4-2	女	未近视	无
S4-3	男	近视	无
S4-4	女	近视	无
S4-5	女	远视+散光	平板
S4-6	男	远视+散光	无

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 受访教师背景资料

Table 2. Background information of the interviewed teachers

编码	性别	教龄/年	班上学生近视率/%
T3-1	女	10	4.76
T3-2	女	20	3.57
T3-5	女	3	10.71
T4-1	女	9	15.00
T4-2	女	4	58.97
T4-3	女	16	22.50
T4-4	女	2.5	14.63
T4-5	女	3	53.85
T4-6	女	23	26.32
T4-7	女	33	51.28
T4-8	女	10	65.00
T4-9	男	23	9.09
T4-10	女	3	23.08
T4-11	女	10	31.82
T4-12	女	6	25.00
T4-13	女	9	52.63
注：近视率通过班级近视学生人数/总学生数计算得出。

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(26)

[1]	WHO. Keeping the focus on vision 2020[J]. Perspect Public Health, 2017, 137(4): 823-836.
[2]	浙江省教育厅, 浙江省卫生健康委员会, 浙江省体育局, 等. 浙江省教育厅等十一部门关于全面加强儿童青少年近视综合防控工作的意见[EB/OL]. (2019-04-22)[2021-12-11]. http://www.moe.gov.cn/jyb_xwfb/xw_zt/moe_357/jyzt_2019n/2019_zt7/zcjj/df/201904/t20190430_380284.html. Education Department of Zhejiang Province, Health Commission of Zhejiang Province, Sports Bureau of Zhejiang Province, et al. Zhejiang Provincial Department of Education and other eleven departments on the comprehensive strengthening of comprehensive prevention and control of myopia in children and adolescents[EB/OL]. (2019-04-22)[2021-12-11]. http://www.moe.gov.cn/jyb_xwfb/xw_zt/moe_357/jyzt_2019n/2019_zt7/zcjj/df/201904/t20190430_380284.html.
[3]	郑频频, 史慧静. 健康促进理论与实践[M]. 2版. 上海: 复旦大学出版社, 2011: 22-30. ZHENG P P, SHI H J. Health promotion theory and practice[M]. 2 ed. Shanghai: Fudan University Press, 2011: 22-30.
[4]	王丽蒙, 王向东, 史慧静. 中小学生近视相关健康信念与户外活动的相关性研究[J]. 上海预防医学, 2019, 31(5): 344-348. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SHYI201905003.htm WANG L M, WANG X D, SHI H J. A study on the correlation between myopia-related health beliefs and outdoor activities among primary and secondary school students[J]. Shanghai J Prev Med, 2019, 31(5): 344-348. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SHYI201905003.htm
[5]	骆冬亚, 杨剑. 基于健康信念模式探究户外体育活动防控青少年近视: 机制、途径与效果[J]. 哈尔滨体育学院学报, 2020, 38(4): 90-96. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-2808.2020.04.017 LUO D Y, YANG J. Study on prevention and control of myopia in adolescents by outdoor physical activity based on health belief model: mechanism, approach and effect[J]. J Harbin Sport Univ, 2020, 38(4): 90-96. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-2808.2020.04.017
[6]	王丽蒙, 何鲜桂, 谢辉, 等. 中小学生近视相关健康信念与屏幕时间的相关性[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2021, 42(2): 181-184. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.02.006 WANG L M, HE X G, XIE H, et al. A study on the correlation between myopia-related health beliefs and outdoor activities among primary and secondary school students[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2021, 42(2): 181-184. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.02.006
[7]	HE M G, XIANG F, ZENG Y F, et al. Effect of time spent outdoorsat school on the development of myopia among children in china: a randomized clinical trial[J]. J Am Med Assoc, 2015, 314(11): 1142-1148. doi: 10.1001/jama.2015.10803
[8]	WANG H, QIAN Y W, NATHAN C, et al. Effect of Chinese eye exercises on change in visual acuity and eyeglasses wear among school-aged children in rural China: a propensity-score-matched cohort study[J]. BMC Complem Med Ther, 2020, 20(5): 1747-1757.
[9]	LI S M, KANG M T, PENG X X, et al. Efficacy of Chinese eye exercises on reducing accommodative lag in school-aged children: a randomized controlled trial[J]. PLoS One, 2017, 10(3): e0117552.
[10]	XIONG S Y, PADMAJA S, THOMAS N, et al. Time spent in outdoor activities in relation to myopia prevention and control: a Meta-analysis and systematic review[J]. Acta Ophthalmol, 2017, 95(6): 551-566. doi: 10.1111/aos.13403
[11]	黄平生. 模拟眼球成像原理与近视远视成因教学具开发制作研究[J]. 中国科技教育, 2018(5): 30-31. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KJJY201805014.htm HUANG P S. Research on the development and manufacture of teaching tools for the principle of simulated eye imaging and causes of myopia and hyperopia[J]. Chin Techer Educ, 2018(5): 30-31. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KJJY201805014.htm
[12]	CHERYL S N, CHEN W P, ERIC A F, et al. A cluster randomised controlled trial evaluating an incentive-based outdoor physical activity programme to increase outdoor time and prevent myopia in children[J]. Ophthal Physl Opt, 2014, 34(3): 362-368. doi: 10.1111/opo.12112
[13]	AMANDA N F, REGAN S A, IAN G M, et al. Time outdoors and the prevention of myopia[J]. Exp Eye Res, 2013, 114: 58-68. doi: 10.1016/j.exer.2013.04.018
[14]	RAMAMURTHY D, LIN C S Y, SAW S M. A review of environmental risk factors for myopia during early life, childhood and adolescence[J]. Clin Exp Optom, 2015, 98(6): 497-506. doi: 10.1111/cxo.12346
[15]	宋乃庆, 杨欣. 中小学生课业负担过重的定量分析[J]. 教育研究, 2014, 35(3): 25-30. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JYYJ201403005.htm SONG N Q, YANG X. Quantitative analysis of excessive schoolwork burden of primary and secondary school students[J]. Educ Res, 2014, 35(3): 25-30. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JYYJ201403005.htm
[16]	钟秉林. 落实"双减"工作深化教育领域综合改革[N]. 人民政协报, 2021-07-28(009). ZHONG B L. Implementing "double reduction" and deepening comprehensive reform in the field of education[N]. CPPCC Daily, 2021-07-28(009).
[17]	刘文. 心理学基础[M]. 南京: 南京大学出版社, 2019: 140-150. LIU W. Psychological fundamentals[M]. Nanjing: Nanjing University Press, 2019: 140-150.
[18]	王称丽, 贺雯, 莫琼琼. 7~15岁学生注意力发展特点及其与学业成绩的关系[J]. 上海教育科研, 2012(12): 51-54. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-2020.2012.12.014 WANG C L, HE W, MO Q Q. The relationship between attention development and academic performance of 7-15 year old students[J]. Shanghai Educ Res, 2012(12): 51-54. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-2020.2012.12.014
[19]	张洪伟, 张夏男, 纪颖, 等. 339名低年级小学生家长近视防控知识的知晓情况及影响因素分析[J]. 首都公共卫生, 2020, 14(6): 291-293. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SDGW202006004.htm ZHANG H W, ZHANG X N, JI Y, et al. Analysis of 339 parents' awareness of myopia prevention and control and its influencing factors[J]. Capital Public Health, 2020, 14(6): 291-293. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SDGW202006004.htm
[20]	徐晔倩, 黄毅. 上海市闵行区中小学生近视防控综合干预措施探索[J]. 中国初级卫生保健, 2018, 32(12): 56-58. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-568X.2018.12.0021 XU Y Q, HUANG Y. Comprehensive intervention measures for prevention and control of myopia among primary and middle school students in Minhang District, Shanghai[J]. Chin Prim Health Care, 2018, 32(12): 56-58. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-568X.2018.12.0021
[21]	陶芳标, 潘臣炜, 伍晓艳, 等. 户外活动防控儿童青少年近视专家推荐[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2019, 40(5): 641-643. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2019.05.001 TAO F B, PAN C W, WU X Y, et al. Expert recommendations for outdoor activities to prevent and control myopia in children and adolescents[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2019, 40(5): 641-643. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2019.05.001
[22]	MORGAN I G. Myopia prevention and outdoor light intensity in a school-based cluster randomized trial[J]. Ophthalmology, 2018, 125(8): 1251-1252. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2018.04.016
[23]	教育部, 国家卫生健康委员会, 国家体育总局, 等. 综合防控儿童青少年近视实施方案[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2018, 39(9): Ⅴ-Ⅵ. http://www.cjsh.org.cn/article/id/zgxxws201809051 Ministry of Education of the PRC, National Health Commission of the PRC, National Sports Bureau of the PRC, et al. Comprehensive prevention and control of myopia in children and adolescents implementation plan[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2018, 39(9): Ⅴ-Ⅵ. http://www.cjsh.org.cn/article/id/zgxxws201809051
[24]	中共中央办公厅, 国务院办公厅. 中共中央办公厅国务院办公厅印发《关于进一步减轻义务教育阶段学生作业负担和校外培训负担的意见》[EB/OL]. (2021-07-24)[2021-08-10]. http://www.moe.gov.cn/jyb_xwfb/gzdt_gzdt/s5987/202107/t20210724_546566.html, 2021.7.24. General Offices of the CPC Central Committee, State Council. General Office of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee and General Office of the State Council issued a guideline on further reducing the homework burden and after-school training burden for students in compulsory education[EB/OL]. (2021-07-24)[2021-08-10]. http://www.moe.gov.cn/jyb_xwfb/gzdt_gzdt/s5987/202107/t20210724_546566.html, 2021.7.24.
[25]	潘德伟. 建立学校体育活动双重安全保障的策略分析[J]. 青少年体育, 2016(6): 13-14, 127. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4581.2016.06.011 PAN D W. Strategy analysis of establishing double safety guarantee for school sports activities[J]. Youth Sport, 2016(6): 13-14, 127. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4581.2016.06.011
[26]	教育部, 财政部, 中国保险监督管理委员会. 关于推行校方责任保险完善校园伤害事故风险管理机制的通知[EB/OL]. (2008-04-03)[2021-08-10]. http://www.moe.gov.cn/jyb_xxgk/gk_gbgg/moe_0/moe_1964/moe_2028/tnull_34150.html. Ministry of Education of the PRC, Ministry of Finance of the PRC, China Insurance Regulatory Commission. Notice on promoting university liability insurance to improve the risk management mechanism of campus injury accidents[EB/OL]. (2008-04-03)[2021-08-10]. http://www.moe.gov.cn/jyb_xxgk/gk_gbgg/moe_0/moe_1964/moe_2028/tnull_34150.html.