江西省农村初中生健康素养与不良饮食行为的关联

邓莉芳; 李利; 王乃博; 万德芝; 吴磊

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.02.006

江西省农村初中生健康素养与不良饮食行为的关联

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.02.006

1.
南昌大学公共卫生学院，江西省预防医学重点实验室，江西 330006
2.
江西省健康教育与促进中心

基金项目:

江西省健康教育与促进中心科研专项项目 2018120020

江西省大健康产业发展现状及创新需求研究项目 20192BAA208005

详细信息

作者简介:
邓莉芳(1998-)，女，江西南昌人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为预防医学

通讯作者:
万德芝，E-mail：365413801@qq.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R153.2 R179 G627.9
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-08-06
- 修回日期: 2021-09-24
- 网络出版日期: 2022-02-24
- 刊出日期: 2022-02-25

Relationship between health literacy and unhealthy eating behavior of junior middle school students in rural areas of Jiangxi Province

DENG Lifang¹,
LI Li¹,
WANG Naibo²,
WAN Dezhi^{2
, ,},
WU Lei¹

1.
School of Public Health, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang (330006), China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解江西省农村地区初中生健康素养状况与不良饮食行为的关联，为探索改善学生不良饮食行为的矫正策略提供参考。方法采用分层整群随机抽样法对江西省农村地区50所中学4 311名七至八年级学生的健康素养及不良饮食行为进行问卷调查，运用χ²检验和Logistic回归分析初中生健康素养与不良饮食行为之间的关联。结果农村地区初中生健康素养水平具备率(≥58分)为18.21%。不良饮食行为发生率相对较高，其中三餐时间不固定的报告率最高，为62.33%，其次为经常喝含糖饮料(54.60%)、不经常喝奶制品(50.38%)、不每天吃早餐(36.23%)、不经常食用蔬果(19.53%)。低水平健康素养者三餐时间不固定(OR=1.35，95%CI=1.11~1.65)、不每天吃早餐(OR=1.23，95%CI=1.01~1.49)、不经常喝奶制品(OR=1.29，95%CI=1.07~1.55)、不经常食用蔬果(OR=1.45，95%CI=1.10~1.92)和经常喝含糖饮料(OR=1.39，95%CI=1.15~1.68)的风险均高于高水平健康素养者(P值均<0.05)。结论江西省农村地区初中生健康素养与不良饮食行为之间存在关联，学校、家庭、政府及有关部门可以通过提升初中生健康素养水平来矫正其不良饮食行为，以改善初中生的健康状况。
- 健康教育 /
- 饮食习惯 /
- 行为 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生 /
- 农村人口
Abstract: Objective To understand the relationship between health literacy and unhealthy eating behavior of junior middle school students in rural areas of Jiangxi Province, and to provide a reference for specific strategies for healthy eating behavior. Methods Stratified cluster random sampling was used to investigate the health literacy and unhealthy eating behavior of 4 311 students in grades 7 to 8 from 50 middle schools in rural areas of Jiangxi Province, the relationship between health literacy and unhealthy eating behavior was analyzed by Chi-square test and Logistic regression. Results Health literacy of junior middle school students in rural areas (≥58 points) was 18.21%. Prevalence of unhealthy eating behavior was relatively high, among which irregular three meal time was the highest (62.33%), followed by high consumption of sugar-sweetened beverage, insufficient dairy products consumption, breakfast skipping ever day and insufficient consumption of fruits and vegetables, accounting for 54.60%, 50.38%, 36.23% and 19.53%, respectively. The risk of irregular meal time (OR=1.35, 95%CI=1.11-1.65), breakfast skipping every day (OR=1.23, 95%CI=1.01-1.49), insufficient dairy products consumption (OR=1.29, 95%CI=1.07-1.55), insufficient consumption of fruits and vegetables (OR=1.45, 95%CI=1.10-1.92) and high consumption of sugar-sweetened beverage (OR=1.39, 95%CI=1.15-1.68) was higher than students with high health literacy (P<0.05). Conclusion There is a correlation between health literacy and unhealthy eating behavior of junior middle school students in rural areas of Jiangxi Province, schools, families, governments and relevant departments can improve the health literacy level of junior high school students to improve their unhealthy eating behavior, so as to improve the health status of junior high school students.
- Health education /
- Food habits /
- Behavior /
- Regression analysis /
- Students /
- Rural population
注释:

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表 1 不同人口统计学特征初中生不良饮食行为报告率比较

Table 1. Comparison of bad eating behaviors of junior middle school students with different characteristics

人口统计学指标	选项	人数	统计值	三餐时间不固定	不每天吃早餐	不经常喝奶制品	不经常食用蔬果	经常喝含糖饮料
性别	男	2 298		1 320(57.44)	824(35.86)	1 126(49.00)	470(20.45)	1 302(56.66)
	女	2 013		1 367(67.91)	738(36.66)	1 046(51.96)	372(18.48)	1 052(52.26)
			χ²值	50.07	0.30	3.77	2.66	8.37
			P值	< 0.01	0.58	0.05	0.10	< 0.01
年级	七	2 339		1 449(61.95)	861(36.81)	1 209(51.69)	448(19.15)	1 148(49.08)
	八	1 972		1 238(62.78)	701(35.55)	943(47.82)	394(19.98)	1 206(61.16)
			χ²值	0.31	0.74	0.99	0.47	62.94
			P值	0.58	0.39	0.32	0.50	< 0.01
父亲文化程度	小学及以下	646		427(66.10)	261(40.40)	366(56.66)	161(24.92)	365(56.50)
	初中	2 472		1 612(65.21)	910(36.81)	1 298(52.51)	445(18.00)	1 359(54.98)
	高中/职高/中专	871		492(56.49)	296(33.98)	386(44.32)	161(18.48)	476(54.65)
	大专及以上	322		156(48.45)	95(29.50)	122(37.89)	75(23.29)	154(47.83)
			χ²值	51.74	13.44	47.57	19.13	7.05
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.07
母亲文化程度	小学及以下	1 170		798(68.21)	475(40.60)	665(56.84)	245(20.94)	668(57.09)
	初中	2 197		1 406(64.00)	796(36.23)	1 099(50.02)	387(17.61)	1 194(54.35)
	高中/职高/中专	662		359(54.23)	230(34.74)	291(43.96)	128(19.34)	335(50.60)
	大专及以上	282		124(43.97)	91(32.27)	117(41.49)	82(29.08)	157(55.67)
			χ²值	78.78	11.21	39.47	22.98	7.39
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.05	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.06
是否独生子女	是	435		221(50.80)	183(42.07)	164(37.70)	80(18.39)	246(56.55)
	否	3 876		2 466(63.62)	1 379(35.58)	2 008(51.81)	762(19.66)	2 108(54.39)
			χ²值	27.37	7.13	31.13	0.40	0.74
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.53	0.39
居住情况	和父母一起住	1 826		1 122(61.45)	630(34.50)	852(46.66)	280(15.33)	934(51.15)
	和父亲/母亲住	1 238		777(62.76)	460(37.16)	610(49.27)	267(21.57)	683(55.17)
	和其他亲戚住	1 247		788(63.19)	472(37.85)	710(56.94)	295(23.66)	737(59.10)
			χ²值	1.10	4.24	32.16	37.24	19.13
			P值	0.58	0.12	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
健康素养水平	低	1 072		702(65.49)	434(40.49)	579(54.01)	249(23.23)	605(56.44)
	中	2 454		1 520(61.94)	856(34.88)	1 215(49.51)	459(18.70)	1 326(54.03)
	高	785		465(59.24)	272(34.65)	378(48.15)	154(19.62)	393(50.06)
			χ²值	7.83	7.92	9.79	4.81	10.94
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.03	< 0.01
合计		4 311		2 687(62.33)	1 562(36.23)	2 172(50.38)	842(19.53)	2 354(54.60)
注：()内数据为报告率/%。

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表 2 初中生健康素养与不良饮食行为关联的多因素Logistic回归分析(n=4 311)

Table 2. Multivariate Logistic analysis of the relationship between health literacy and bad eating behaviors of junior middle school students(n=4 311)

不良饮食行为	健康素养水平	β值	标准误	Wald χ²值	P值	OR值(OR值95%CI)
三餐时间不固定^a	高					1.00
	中	0.13	0.09	2.43	0.12	1.14(0.97~1.35)
	低	0.30	0.10	9.03	< 0.01	1.35(1.11~1.65)
不每天吃早餐^b	高					1.00
	中	0.05	0.09	0.31	0.58	0.95(0.81~1.13)
	低	0.20	0.10	4.33	0.04	1.23(1.01~1.49)
不经常喝奶制品^c	高					1.00
	中	0.14	0.11	1.72	0.19	1.15(0.93~1.42)
	低	0.25	0.09	7.32	0.01	1.29(1.07~1.55)
不经常食用蔬果^d	高					1.00
	中	0.43	0.17	6.19	0.01	1.53(1.09~2.14)
	低	0.37	0.14	6.73	0.01	1.45(1.10~1.92)
经常喝含糖饮料^e	高					1.00
	中	0.19	0.08	4.91	0.03	1.20(1.02~1.42)
	低	0.33	0.10	11.57	< 0.01	1.39(1.15~1.68)
注：a调整性别、父/母文化程度、独生子女因素，b调整父/母文化程度、独生子女因素，c调整父/母文化程度、独生子女、居住状况因素，d调整父/母文化程度、居住状况因素，e调整性别、年级、居住状况因素。

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