苏州市高新区学龄前儿童屈光状态分析

高红琴; 汪玉; 尤建华; 朱虹

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.01.030

苏州市高新区学龄前儿童屈光状态分析

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.01.030

高红琴¹,
汪玉²,
尤建华²,
朱虹^2, ,

1.
江苏省苏州市高新区妇幼保健计划生育服务中心，215163
2.
苏州大学医学部公共卫生学院

详细信息

作者简介:
高红琴(1972-)，女，江苏苏州人，大学本科，主任护师、副研究员，主要研究方向为妇女儿童保健

通讯作者:
朱虹，E-mail：redcloud74@163.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R778.1 R179
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-07-29
- 修回日期: 2021-10-20
- 刊出日期: 2022-01-25

Analysis of refractive status of preschool children in Suzhou High-tech Zone

1.
Suzhou High-tech Zone Maternal and Child Health and Family Planning Service Center, Suzhou (215163), Jiangsu Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的观察学龄前儿童屈光状态、屈光不正检出率和发展趋势，为控制青少年屈光不正与提高儿童保健服务水平提供帮助。方法于2020年9—12月对苏州市高新区27 561名(55 122眼)3~6岁学龄前儿童进行横断面调查，使用伟伦双目视力筛查仪筛查屈光状态。结果学龄前儿童屈光不正检出率为9.5%，散光为8.6%，远视为1.3%，近视为0.5%。其中6岁组近视(1.1%)和远视检出率(2.2%)均最高，且年龄越大，球镜屈光度越低、柱镜屈光度越高。柱镜差异女童异常率(1.3%)高于男童(0.9%)，屈光总参差异常率女童(2.3%)也高于男童(1.9%)。散光以混合散光(49.1%)和复合远视散光(39.2%)为主，年龄越大，复合远视散光检出率越低; 以顺规散光为主(97.5%)，年龄越大，顺规散光检出率越高，而逆规散光和斜轴散光检出率越低。结论近视远视检出率在6岁时显著提高，屈光参差和轴向散光在6岁时也达到最高。应关注儿童散光问题，尤其是顺规散光应受到高度关注。
- 屈光，眼 /
- 屈光不正 /
- 患病率 /
- 儿童，学龄前
Abstract: Objective To observe the refractive status of preschool children, and to explore the prevalence and development trend of ametropia in preschool children, so as to provide support for controlling adolescent ametropia and improving children's health care service. Methods This cross-sectional survey was conducted among 27 561 preschool children (55 122 eyes) aged 3-6 years old in the High-tech Zone of Suzhou from September to December 2020. The refractive status was screened by the US Weilun binocular optometry. Results The total detection rate of ametropia was 9.5%, including 8.6% of astigmatism, 1.3% of hyperopia and 0.5% of myopia. The detection rates of myopia (1.1%) and hyperopia (2.2%) were the highest in the 6-year-old group, and the older the age was, the lower the spherical diopter was, and the higher the cylindrical diopter was. The abnormal rate of colposcopy in girls (1.3%) was higher than that in boys (0.9%), and the abnormal rate of total anisometropia in women (2.3%) was also higher than that in men (1.9%). The main astigmatism was mixed astigmatism (49.1%) and compound hyperopia astigmatism (39.2%); The older the age, the lower the detection rate of compound hyperopia astigmatism. And it is dominated by regular astigmatism(97.5%); The higher the age, the higher the detection rate of astigmatism with the rule, while the lower the detection rates of astigmatism against the rule and oblique axis astigmatism. Conclusion The detection rate of myopia and hyperopia increased significantly at the age of 6, and anisometropia and axial astigmatism also reached the highest at the age of 6. Local health care departments should pay attention to children's astigmatism, especially astigmatism with the rule.
- Refraction, ocular /
- Refractive errours /
- Pervalence /
- Child, preschool
注释:

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表 1 不同年龄学龄前儿童屈光不正和屈光参差异常检出率比较

Table 1. Comparison of distribution of ametropia and anisometropia among preschool children by age

年龄/岁	人数	屈光不正				屈光参差
年龄/岁	人数	近视	远视	散光	总屈光不正	球镜参差异常	柱镜参差异常	总参差异常
3	8 313	36(0.4)	97(1.2)	700(8.4)	770(9.3)	130(1.6)	98(1.2)	199(2.4)
4	9 781	33(0.3)	128(1.3)	824(8.4)	903(9.2)	114(1.2)	106(1.1)	186(1.9)
5	8 121	42(0.5)	99(1.2)	729(9.0)	800(9.9)	104(1.3)	73(0.9)	153(1.9)
6	1 346	15(1.1)	30(2.2)	124(9.2)	150(11.1)	32(2.4)	20(1.5)	943(3.2)
合计	27 561	126(0.5)	354(1.3)	2 377(8.6)	2 623(9.5)	380(1.4)	297(1.1)	581(2.1)
χ²值		16.61	10.69	2.80	6.74	15.81	5.34	14.99
P值		< 0.01	0.01	0.42	0.08	< 0.01	0.15	< 0.01
注： ()内数字为检出率/%。

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表 2 不同组别学龄前儿童屈光度散光类型和轴向散光类型构成

Table 2. Constituent ratio of refraction astigmatism types and axial astigmatism types in preschool children

组别	选项	屈光度散光类型					轴向散光
组别	选项	眼数	单纯近视散光眼数	复合近视散光眼数	复合远视散光眼数	混合散光眼数	眼数	顺规散光眼数	逆规散光眼数	斜轴散光眼数
年龄/岁	3	5 828	516(8.9)	203(3.5)	2 398(41.1)	2 711(46.5)	1 055	1 018(96.5)	19(1.8)	18(1.7)
	4	6 889	525(7.6)	237(3.4)	2 761(40.1)	3 366(48.9)	1 239	1 207(97.4)	8(0.6)	24(2.0)
	5	5 722	430(7.5)	201(3.5)	2 125(37.1)	2 966(51.8)	1 119	1 097(98.0)	5(0.5)	17(1.5)
	6	917	94(10.3)	57(6.2)	310(33.8)	456(49.7)	195	194(99.5)	0	1(0.5)
性别	男	10 226	875(8.6)	374(3.7)	3 892(38.1)	5 085(49.7)	1 886	1 846(97.9)	18(1.0)	22(1.2)
	女	9 130	690(7.6)	324(3.5)	3 702(40.5)	4 414(48.3)	1 722	1 670(97.0)	14(0.8)	38(2.2)
合计		20 886	1 565(8.1)	698(3.6)	7 594(39.2)	9 499(49.1)	3 608	3 516(97.5)	32(0.9)	60(1.7)
注： ()内数字为构成比/%。

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