高中生睡眠质量现状及影响因素分析

黄子茵; 严吉; 程雅青; 梁超; 朱敏娟; 邓国英

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.01.024

高中生睡眠质量现状及影响因素分析

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.01.024

黄子茵^{1, 2},
严吉^{1, 2},
程雅青²,
梁超²,
朱敏娟³,
邓国英^1, ,

1.
上海交通大学附属上海市第一人民医院创伤临床医学中心, 200080
2.
上海交通大学医学院
3.
上海交通大学附属上海市第一人民医院神经内科

基金项目:

上海交通大学医学院青年工作研究课题项目 QY2011

上海市第一人民医院第七轮党建创新研究项目 27

详细信息

作者简介:
黄子茵(2001-), 女, 中国澳门人, 在读本科

通讯作者:
邓国英, E-mail: parisdeng2012@hotmail.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 G637.8 G444
计量
- 文章访问数: 3583
- HTML全文浏览量: 617
- PDF下载量: 233
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-05-20
- 修回日期: 2021-10-20
- 刊出日期: 2022-01-25

Sleep quality and its influencing factors in senior high school students

HUANG Ziyin^{1, 2},
YAN Ji^{1, 2},
CHENG Yaqing²,
LIANG Chao²,
ZHU Minjuan³,
DENG Guoying^{1
, ,}

1.
Trauma Clinical Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai(200080), China

摘要

摘要: 目的研究高中生睡眠质量现状及影响因素, 为有针对性地改善高中生睡眠质量提供依据。方法 2020年在中国4个区域(上海、青海、澳门、河南)招募各年级高中生4 793名, 问卷收集人口统计学信息、睡眠情况、精神状况、生活习惯等信息, 采用描述性统计和Logistic回归方法分析高中生睡眠质量及影响因素。结果高中生睡眠障碍检出率为24.2%, 睡眠时间 < 7 h/d者占71.4%。单因素分析显示, 人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑症状、学习压力、家庭压力、人际关系压力对高中生睡眠障碍影响有统计学意义(χ²值分别为1 147.98, 1 228.35, 1 032.54, 371.05, 497.61, 475.39, P值均 < 0.01)。咖啡浓茶、饮酒、吸烟(包括二手烟)、电子产品使用、晚睡、睡前饮食、不良睡眠环境、父母患睡眠障碍与高中生睡眠障碍发生呈正相关, 规律运动与高中生睡眠障碍发生呈负相关(χ²值分别为160.28, 127.73, 108.02, 113.27, 470.91, 340.95, 72.02, 155.53, 116.30, 76.96, 28.75, 12.89, P值均 < 0.05)。结论高中生睡眠质量有待改善。学校及家长应注意高中生的心理健康及生活习惯, 帮助高中生提升睡眠质量, 顺利成长。
- 睡眠 /
- 精神卫生 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To study the current situation of sleep quality of senior high school students and analyze the influencing factors, so as to provide a reference for targeted sleep quality improvement of high school students. Methods A total of 4 793 senior high school students of different grades were recruited from four different regions (Shanghai, Qinghai, Macao, Henan) in 2020. The information of demographic, sleep status, mental factors, living habits and other information were collected by questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and Logistic regression were used to analyze sleep quality and its influencing factors of the senior high school students. Results About 24.2% of senior high school students reported sleep problems and 71.4% slept less than 7 hours at night. Interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety symptoms, learning, family and interpersonal stress had significant effects on sleep problems in senior high school students(χ²=1 147.98, 1 228.35, 1 032.54, 371.05, 497.61, 475.39, P < 0.01). Drinking coffee and tea, drinking alcohol, smoking (including secondhand smoke), long-term use of electronic products, late sleep, bedtime diet, poor sleep environment, parents with sleep problems were the risk factors for sleep disorders of senior high school students, regular exercise was the protective factors for sleep disorders of senior high school students, the influence was significant (χ²=160.28, 127.73, 108.02, 113.27, 470.91, 340.95, 72.02, 155.53, 116.30, 76.96, 28.75, 12.89, P < 0.05). Conclusion The sleep quality of senior high school students needs to be improved. Schools and parents should pay attention to the mental health and living habits of senior high school students to help them improve their sleep quality and grow up smoothly. Sleep; Mental health; Regression analysis; Students
- Sleep /
- Mental health /
- Regression analysis /
- Students
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

HTML全文

表 1 高中生睡眠障碍的单因素分析

Table 1. Single factor Chi-square analysis of influencing factors of sleep disorder in senior high school students

组别	选项	人数	检出人数	χ²值	P值	组别	选项	人数	检出人数	χ²值	P值
年级	高一	1 831	388(21.2)	20.59	< 0.01	运动	几乎不	749	220(29.4)	12.89	0.01
	高二	1 418	398(28.1)				偶尔	1 662	384(23.1)
	高三	1 544	376(24.2)				有时	1 151	266(23.1)
选科方向	偏文	815	241(29.6)	15.25	< 0.01		经常	760	180(23.7)
	偏理	3 192	742(23.2)				总是	471	112(23.8)
	未选科	786	179(22.8)			睡前饮食	几乎不	1 527	279(18.3)	113.27	< 0.01
焦虑	无症状	3 433	413(12.0)	1 147.98	< 0.01		偶尔	1 730	379(21.9)
	轻	919	411(44.7)				有时	839	251(29.9)
	中及重	441	338(76.6)				经常	483	160(33.1)
抑郁	无症状	3 149	320(10.2)	1 128.35	< 0.01		总是	214	93(43.5)
	轻	1 046	407(38.9)			24：00后入睡	几乎不	614	47(7.7)	470.91	< 0.01
	中及重	598	435(72.7)				偶尔	1 399	177(12.7)
人际关系敏感	无症状	2 907	306(10.5)	1 032.54	< 0.01		有时	982	235(23.9)
	轻	1 206	399(33.1)				经常	1 070	349(32.6)
	中及重	680	457(67.2)				总是	728	354(48.6)
家庭压力	轻	2 211	306(13.8)	371.05	< 0.01	睡眠环境满意度	满意	3 734	678(18.2)	340.95	< 0.01
	中	1 816	489(26.9)				环境过亮	252	117(46.4)
	重	766	367(47.9)				有噪音	807	367(45.5)
学习压力	轻	1 024	70(6.8)	497.61	< 0.01	父母睡眠障碍	无	4 332	976(22.5)	72.02	< 0.01
	中	2 186	415(19.0)				有	461	186(40.3)
	重	1 583	677(42.8)			网课前手持设备日均使用时长/h	0~2	1 673	270(16.1)	155.53	< 0.01
人际关系压力	轻	2 488	321(12.9)	475.39	< 0.01		2~4	1 214	278(22.9)
	中	1 500	443(29.5)				4~6	869	248(28.5)
	重	805	398(49.4)				6~8	508	151(29.7)
饮用咖啡、浓茶	几乎不	2 738	535(19.5)	160.28	< 0.01		≥8	529	210(40.6)
	偶尔	1 087	271(24.9)			网课中手持设备日均使用时长/h	0~2	785	107(13.6)	116.30	< 0.01
	有时	440	130(29.5)				2~4	646	122(18.9)
	经常	316	113(35.8)				4~6	903	210(23.3)
	总是	212	113(53.3)				6~8	1 083	269(24.8)
饮酒	几乎不	3 845	826(21.5)	127.73	< 0.01		≥8	1 376	454(33.0)
	偶尔	763	241(31.6)			网课前电脑日均使用时长/h	0~2	3 181	688(21.6)	76.86	< 0.01
	有时	98	39(39.8)				2~4	680	156(22.9)
	经常	48	30(62.5)				4~6	369	111(30.1)
	总是	39	26(66.7)				6~8	260	80(30.8)
吸烟(包括二手烟)	几乎不	3 505	761(21.7)	108.03	< 0.01		≥8	303	127(41.9)
	偶尔	675	160(23.7)			网课中电脑日均使用时长/h	0~2	2 004	448(22.4)	28.75	< 0.01
	有时	248	75(30.2)				2~4	678	149(22.0)
	经常	177	76(42.9)				4~6	691	169(24.5)
	总是	188	90(47.9)				6~8	655	154(23.5)
							≥8	765	242(31.6)
注：()内数字为检出率/%。

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 高中生睡眠障碍影响因素的多因素Logistic回归分析(n=4 793)

Table 2. Multivariate analysis of influencing factors of sleep quality in senior high school students(n=4 793)

自变量	选项	β值	P值	OR值(OR值95%CI)
人际关系敏感	无症状			1.00
	轻	0.22	0.07	1.25(0.99~1.58)
	中及重	0.54	< 0.01	2.72(1.22~2.43)
抑郁	无症状			1.00
	轻	0.76	< 0.01	1.68(1.68~2.74)
	中及重	1.32	< 0.01	2.60(2.60~5.40)
焦虑	无症状			1.00
	轻	0.51	< 0.01	1.31(1.31~2.11)
	中及重	1.08	< 0.01	2.01(2.01~4.30)
学习压力	轻			1.00
	中	0.61	< 0.01	1.84(1.36~2.47)
	重	0.95	< 0.01	2.58(1.90~3.51)
24：00后入睡	几乎不			1.00
	偶尔	0.26	0.19	1.29(0.88~1.90)
	有时	0.78	< 0.01	2.18(1.48~3.19)
	经常	1.05	< 0.01	2.86(1.96~4.16)
	总是	1.59	< 0.01	4.89(3.33~7.20)
睡眠环境满意度	满意			1.00
	环境过亮	1.07	< 0.01	2.93(2.11~4.06)
	有噪音	0.90	< 0.01	2.47(2.02~3.02)
父母睡眠障碍	无			1.00
	有	0.29	0.02	1.34(1.04~1.73)

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(22)

[1]	MALIN J, KARIN J, KARIN H. Reasons for sleeping difficulties as perceived by adolescents: a content analysis[J]. Scand J Caring Sci, 2020, 34(2): 464-473. doi: 10.1111/scs.12750
[2]	林荣茂, 严由伟, 唐向东. 近15年中国青少年学生匹兹堡睡眠质量指数调查结果的元分析[J]. 中国心理卫生杂志, 2010, 24(11): 839-844. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6729.2010.11.010 LIN R M, YAN Y W, TANG X D. A meta-analysis of sleep quality studies with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index in young students over the past 15 years in China[J]. Chin Ment Health J, 2010, 24(11): 839-844. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6729.2010.11.010
[3]	杨柳. 高中生睡眠质量的影响因素及其机制[J]. 中国健康心理学杂志, 2015, 23(11): 1730-1735. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JKXL201511037.htm YANG L. Research on influencing factors and mechanism of sleep quality on senior high school students[J]. Chin J Health Psychol, 2015, 23(11): 1730-1735. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JKXL201511037.htm
[4]	NICOLO L, MICHAEL G. A Meta-analysis and model of the relationship between sleep and depression in adolescents: recommendations for future research and clinical practice[J]. Sleep Med Rev, 2014, 18(6): 521-529. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2014.03.006
[5]	KANAAN S, SIENGSUKON C, ARNOLD P, et al. Relationship between sleep quality and functional and psychological symptoms in patients with chronic low back pain[J]. Physiotherapy, 2015, 101(1): 713-714.
[6]	KATE A B, MICHAEL G, PAUL W. Protective and risk factors for adolescent sleep: a meta-analytic review[J]. Sleep Med Rev, 2015, 21(1): 72-85.
[7]	汪向东, 王希林, 马弘. 心理卫生评定量表手册: 增订版[M]. 北京: 中国心理卫生杂志社, 1999: 31-35, 375-378. WANG X D, WANG X L, MA H. Rating Scales of Mental Healthy: revised edition[M]. Beijing: Chinese Mental Health Journal, 1999: 31-35, 375-378.
[8]	刘贤臣, 唐茂芹, 胡蕾, 等. 匹兹堡睡眠质量指数的信度和效度研究[J]. 中华精神科杂志, 1996, 29(2): 103-107. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZHMA199602018.htm LIU X C, TANG M Q, HU L, et al. Reliability and validity of the Pittsburgh Sleep Qality Index[J]. Chin J Psychol, 1996, 29(2): 103-107. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZHMA199602018.htm
[9]	KASS F, CHARLES E, KLEIN D F, et al. Discordance between the SCL-90 and therapists' psychopathology ratings[J]. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 1983, 40(4): 389-393. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1983.01790040043006
[10]	金华, 吴文源, 张明园. 中国正常人SCL-90评定结果的初步分析[J]. 中国神经精神疾病杂志, 1986(5): 260-263. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZSJJ198605002.htm JIN H, WU W Y, ZHANG M Y. Preliminary analysis of SCL-90 evaluation results in Chinese normal people[J]. Chin J Nerv Ment Dis, 1986(5): 260-263. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZSJJ198605002.htm
[11]	丛皓, 郭菲, 陈祉妍. 青少年昼夜偏好类型及其与睡眠质量关系[J]. 中国公共卫生, 2019, 35(10): 1400-1403. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1122257 CONG H, GUO F, CHEN Z Y. Relationship between morningness-eveningness and sleep quality among Chinese adolescents[J]. Chin J Public Health, 2019, 35(10): 1400-1403. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1122257
[12]	黄国明, 李梦倩, 陈建云, 等. 高中学生睡眠质量与心理社会因素的相关性研究[J]. 中国健康教育, 2015, 31(5): 470-472. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGJK201505011.htm HUANG G M, LI M Q, CHEN J Y, et al. A correlative study of sleep quality and psychosocial factor among high school students[J]. Chin J Health Educ, 2015, 31(5): 470-472. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGJK201505011.htm
[13]	MAX H, KAITLYN W, STEVEN M A, et al. National sleep foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary[J]. Sleep Health, 2015, 1(1): 40-43. doi: 10.1016/j.sleh.2014.12.010
[14]	陈丹, 权治行, 艾梦瑶, 等. 青少年心理健康状况及影响因素[J]. 中国健康心理学杂志, 2020, 28(9): 1402-1409. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JKXL202009028.htm CHEN D, QUAN Z X, AI M Y, et al. Adolescent mental health and influencing factors[J]. Chin J Health Psychol, 2020, 28(9): 1402-1409. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JKXL202009028.htm
[15]	张敏, 王振勇. 中学生心理健康状况的调查分析[J]. 中国心理卫生杂志, 2001, 15(4): 226-227. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-6729.2001.04.004 ZHANG M, WANG Z Y. Mental healthy state of middle or high school students[J]. Chin Ment Health J, 2001, 15(4): 226-227. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-6729.2001.04.004
[16]	张晟, 李鹏声, 潘丝媛, 等. 深圳中学生睡眠质量与抑郁现况及其关系[J]. 中国公共卫生, 2017, 33(11): 1643-1646. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2017-33-11-26 ZHANG S, LI P S, PAN S Y, et al. Sleep quality, depressive symptoms and their relationship among middle school students in Shenzhen City[J]. Chin J Public Health, 2017, 33(11): 1643-1646. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2017-33-11-26
[17]	CHRISTINA J C, THORNTON B A M, SARAH J R. Adolescents living the 24/7 lifestyle: effects of caffeine and technology on sleep duration and daytime functioning[J]. Pediatrics, 2009, 123(6): 1005-1010. doi: 10.1542/peds.2008-3641
[18]	孙力菁, 曲爽笑, 张喆, 等. 上海市高中生睡眠时间不足与体力活动的关系研究[J]. 上海预防医学, 2018, 30(3): 198-201. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SHYI201803011.htm SUN L J, QU S X, ZHANG Z, et al. Relationship study on physical activities and sleep duration in senior school students in Shanghai[J]. Shanghai J Prev Med, 2018, 30(3): 198-201. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SHYI201803011.htm
[19]	MOHAMMADBEIGI A, ABSARI R, VALIZADEH F, et al. Sleep quality medical students: the impact of mobile cellphone and social networks[J]. J Res Health Sci, 2016, 16(1): 46-50.
[20]	闫文山. 睡前行为活动对高中生睡眠质量的影响研究[J]. 健康之路, 2015, 14(10): 84. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JKZL201510082.htm YAN W S. Factors of bedtime behavior on sleep quality of high school students[J]. Health Way, 2015, 14(10): 84. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JKZL201510082.htm
[21]	杨婧帆, 张亚杰, 鄢静, 等. 某大学大二学生时间管理倾向和睡眠类型对睡眠质量的影响[J]. 上海预防医学, 2018, 30(3): 202-206, 222. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SHYI201803012.htm YANG J F, ZHANG Y J, YAN J, et al. Sleep quality influenced by sophomores' time management disposition and their sleep types in a university[J]. Shanghai J Prev Med, 2018, 30(3): 202-206, 222. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SHYI201803012.htm
[22]	DAVID S M, JAMES M W, ANNA W. A human phase-response curve to light[J]. Neurosci Letters, 1991, 133(1): 36-40. doi: 10.1016/0304-3940(91)90051-T