家庭支持对青少年体力活动及动作能力的影响

刘星; 张柳; 张婷; 陈乐琴; 闫文菁; 李红娟

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.01.007

家庭支持对青少年体力活动及动作能力的影响

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.01.007

北京体育大学运动人体科学学院/运动与体质健康教育部重点实验室，北京 100084

基金项目:

北京市教育科学“十三五”规划2019年度重点课题 BEAA19045

详细信息

作者简介:
刘星(1997-)，男，湖南株洲人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为儿童青少年体质与体力活动促进

通讯作者:
李红娟，E-mail：janerobin@126.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: G78 R179 G806
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-01-06
- 修回日期: 2021-06-02
- 刊出日期: 2022-01-25

Influence of family support on the physical activities and motor skills of children and adolescents

Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education of Exercise and Physical Fitness, Beijing Sport University, Beijing (100084), China

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨青少年家庭背景及父母支持情况与青少年体力活动及动作能力之间的关系，为中国儿童青少年的健康促进提供相应的理论依据。方法 2019年11—12月选取山西省某初中12~14岁140名初中生为研究对象，采用ActiGraph GT3X+型号加速度计记录研究对象连续7 d的体力活动，采用儿童青少年家庭支持量表(ACTS-CN)评估家长对孩子活动行为的支持与态度，采用加拿大敏捷和动作能力评估测试(CAMSA)评价青少年的动作能力发展状况。结果男女生每天参与中高强度体力活动(MVPA)的时间分别为(40.57±13.54)和(31.65±9.98)min，差异有统计学意义(t=4.44，P < 0.05)；动作能力测试中，男女生的平均技能得分分别为(10.8±1.9)和(10.1±1.9)，完成时间分别为(17.7±2.8)和(19.1±2.5)s；多元线性回归分析结果表明，母亲学历、家庭月收入、母亲关注孩子锻炼情况和父亲支持参加俱乐部均与青少年MVPA相关(B值分别为-0.28，-0.16，-0.16，0.18，P值均 < 0.05)。父、母提供锻炼场所与动作能力得分呈正相关(r值分别为0.17，0.17，P值均 < 0.05)。结论受教育水平越高的父母对孩子体力活动参与度有着更积极的影响。父母的陪伴能够在一定程度上促进青少年体力活动水平的提高。父母提供的支持性环境，能够对青少年的动作能力水平产生积极影响。
- 家庭 /
- 运动活动 /
- 回归分析 /
- 儿童 /
- 青少年
Abstract: Objective To explore the relationship between family background and parental support and adolescents' physical activity and motor skills, and to provide a corresponding theoretical basis for the health promotion of children and adolescents in China. Methods From November to December 2019, 140 junior high school students aged 12-14 years in a junior high school in Shanxi Province were selected, and physical activity was recorded for 7 days using an ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometer. The Activity Support Scale for Children (ACTS-CN) was used to evaluate parents' support and attitude towards children's activities and behaviors. The Canadian Agility and Movement Skill Assessment (CAMSA) was used to evaluate the motor ability development of adolescents. Results The daily participation time in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was (40.57±13.54) and (31.65±9.98) min for males and females, respectively, with a statistically significant difference (t=4.44, P < 0.05); The average motor skill scores were (10.8±1.9) and (10.1±1.9), and completion times were (17.7±2.8) and (19.1±2.5)s, respectively; regression analyses showed that mothers' education, monthly household income, mothers' attention to children's exercise and fathers' support for club participation were all significantly associated with adolescents' MVPA (B=-0.28, -0.16, -0.16, 0.18, P < 0.05). Parental provision of exercise space was significantly associated with motor ability (r=0.17, 0.17, P < 0.05). Conclusion Parents with higher levels of education have a more positive influence on their children's physical activity participation. Parental presence can contribute to a certain extent to the level of physical activity of adolescents, and a supportive environment provided from parents can positively influence the level of motor skills of adolescents.
- Family /
- Motor activity /
- Regression analysis /
- Child /
- Adolescent
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表 1 青少年周末体力活动与母亲支持情况的相关性(r值，n=140)

Table 1. Correlation between weekend physical activity of adolescents and maternal support (r, n=140)

变量	母亲锻炼情况	陪我一起锻炼	提醒我锻炼	提供锻炼场地便利	支持我参加俱乐部/培训班	关注我的锻炼
LPA	0.08	0.12	0.04	-0.02	-0.01	0.01
MPA	0.25^**	0.25^**	0.27^**	0.18^*	0.20^*	0.30^**
VPA	0.30^**	0.24^**	0.23^**	0.27^**	0.24^**	0.19^*
MVPA	0.30^**	0.27^**	0.27^**	0.22^**	0.25^**	0.29^**
动作能力
得分	-0.12	0.10	0.08	0.17^*	0.14	0.07
完成时间	-0.16	-0.13	-0.15	-0.32^**	-0.16	-0.11
注：P < 0.05，*P < 0.01。

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表 2 青少年周末体力活动与父亲支持情况的相关性(r值，n=140)

Table 2. Correlation between weekend physical activity and paternal support (r, n=140)

变量	父亲锻炼情况	陪我一起锻炼	提醒我锻炼	提供锻炼场地便利	支持我参加俱乐部/培训班	关注我的锻炼
LPA	0.09	0.13	0.06	0.03	-0.06	0.04
MPA	0.09	0.15	0.13	0.23^**	0.20^*	0.22^**
VPA	0.16	0.13	0.10	0.23^**	0.21^**	0.15
MVPA	0.14	0.17^*	0.15	0.27^**	0.25^**	0.21^**
动作能力
得分	0.09	0.12	0.18^*	0.17^*	0.23^**	0.11
完成时间	-0.24^**	-0.18^*	-0.20^*	-0.28^**	-0.23^**	-0.03
注：P < 0.05，*P < 0.01。

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表 3 青少年周末体力活动的多元线性回归分析(n=140)

Table 3. Multiple linear regression analysis of weekend physical activity of adolescents (n=140)

常量与自变量		B值	t值	P值	VIF
常量			2.60	0.01
性别		-0.16	-2.10	0.03	1.03
家庭背景	父亲学历	0.43	0.38	0.70	2.12
	母亲学历	-0.28	-3.45	0.03	1.09
	月收入	-0.16	-2.04	0.04	1.05
家庭陪伴	共同体育活动	-0.13	-1.60	0.11	1.10
	共同活动次数	0.07	0.89	0.37	1.09
	课外活动支持	-0.12	-1.48	0.14	1.10
家庭支持	母亲锻炼情况	0.16	1.77	0.07	1.30
	母亲陪我一起锻炼	0.06	0.60	0.55	1.70
	母亲提醒我锻炼	0.06	0.56	0.57	1.84
	母亲提供锻炼场地便利	0.05	0.45	0.65	1.99
	母亲支持我参加俱乐部/培训班	0.08	0.97	0.33	1.12
	母亲关注我的锻炼	-0.16	-2.04	0.04	1.06
	父亲锻炼情况	-0.05	-0.59	0.55	1.36
	父亲陪我一起锻炼	-0.01	-0.21	0.83	1.37
	父亲提醒我锻炼	-0.09	-1.04	0.29	1.46
	父亲提供锻炼场地便利	0.04	0.39	0.69	1.87
	父亲支持我参加俱乐部/培训班	0.18	2.16	0.03	1.15
	父亲关注我的锻炼	-0.13	-1.28	0.20	1.76

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