Relationship between physical activity, motor skills and physical condition among 12-14 year-old adolescents
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摘要:
目的 探究青少年体力活动、动作能力和体质之间的相关性以及体力活动、动作能力对体质的影响，为青少年体质促进提供理论依据。 方法 采用随机整群抽样法抽取北京某中学164名12~14岁的学生作为研究对象，动作能力发展采用动作能力测试量表第2版(Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2, MABC-2)进行测量；体力活动采用加速度计(ActiGraph GT3X+)进行测量；体质测试选取《国家学生体质健康标准》(初中生部分)中的1 000/800 m跑、立定跳远和坐位体前屈。采用Pearson相关分析三者之间的相关性，采用多元逐步回归分析体力活动、动作能力对体质的影响。 结果 12~14岁青少年体力活动与体质之间存在低等程度正相关(r=0.24~0.30，P值均 < 0.05)，动作能力与体质之间存在低到中等程度正相关(r=0.21~0.42，P值均 < 0.05)。体力活动和体质量指数(BMI)可以解释31%的心肺耐力，体力活动、物体控制能力和BMI可以解释26%的肌肉力量，平衡能力可以解释5%的柔韧性。 结论 体力活动、动作能力和体质之间存在低到中等程度正相关，体力活动和动作能力可以影响少年体质水平。以促进动作能力发展和体力活动参与为切入点的综合干预对提高青少年体质水平具有现实意义。 Abstract:Objective The purpose of this study is to explore the interactive correlations and the influence of physical activity and motor skills on physical condition of adolescents, in order to provide a theoretical basis for adolescent's physical fitness promotion. Methods Random cluster sampling method was used to select 164 adolescents aged 12-14. The development of motor skills was measured by MABC-2(Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2), and physical activity was measured by ActiGraph GT3X+ type accelerometer. Physical fitness test selected "Chinese National Students Physical Fitness Standard(CNSPFS)" (for middle school students) in the 1 000/800 meters run, standing long jump and sitting forward flexion. Pearson correlation was used to analyze the correlations among physical activity, motor skills and physical fitness, and multiple stepwise regression was used to analyze the influence of physical activity and motor skills on physical fitness. Results There was a low degree of positive correlation between physical activity and physical condition(r=0.24-0.30, P < 0.05); There was a low to moderate positive correlation between motor skills and physical condition(r=0.21-0.42, P < 0.05). Physical activity and BMI could explain for 31% of cardiorespiratory endurance. Physical activity, object control and BMI could explain for 26% of muscle strength, balance skills could explain for 5% of flexibility. Conclusion There is a low to moderate correlation between physical activity, motor skills and physical fitness. Physical activity and motors skills are associated with adolescent's physical fitness level. Comprehensive interventions that promote the development of motor skills and participation in physical activity have practical significance for improving adolescents' physical fitness. -
Key words:
- Motor activity /
- Body constitution /
- Regression analysis /
- Adolescent
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表 1 不同性别研究对象基本信息体力活动动作能力和体质比较(x ±s)
Table 1. Comparison of basic information of research objects of different genders(x ±s)
性别 人数 基本信息 体力活动时间
/(min·d-1)动作能力 体质 年龄/岁 身高/cm 体重/kg BMI/(kg·m-2) 精细动作/分 物体控制/分 平衡能力/分 心肺耐力/s 肌肉力量/cm 柔韧性/cm 男 84 13.2±0.6 162.4±8.9 55.4±15.0 20.8±4.5 261.4±63.3 11.4±2.8 12.4±2.5 9.6±2.5 4.4±0.8 189.4±28.5 10.6±7.7 女 80 13.1±0.5 158.3±6.7 48.1±12.5 19.0±4.1 253.2±59.3 11.6±2.7 10.3±3.1 11.1±2.4 3.6±0.4 181.8±16.6 18.9±4.8 t值 0.28 3.49 3.41 2.65 1.45 -0.24 4.59 -2.66 6.98 1.95 -8.45 P值 0.78 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.15 0.81 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.05 < 0.01 
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表 2 男生体力活动、动作能力和体质的相关性(r值, n=84)
Table 2. Correlation of physical activity, motor skills and physical fitness(r, n=84)
变量 体力
活动精细
动作物体
控制平衡
能力心肺
耐力肌肉
力量精细动作 -0.26 物体控制 0.00 0.04 平衡能力 -0.09 0.27* 0.18 心肺耐力 0.11 0.06 0.17 0.26* 肌肉力量 0.24* -0.03 0.39** 0.14 0.62** 柔韧性 0.27* 0.04 0.12 0.09 0.28* 0.30* 注：*P < 0.05，**P < 0.01。
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表 3 女生体力活动、动作能力和体质的相关性(r值, n=80)
Table 3. Correlation of physical activity, motor skills and physical fitness(r, n=80)
变量 精细
动作物体
控制平衡
能力心肺
耐力肌肉
力量柔韧性 体力活动 -0.16 -0.07 -0.02 0.19 0.30** -0.13 精细动作 0.12 0.06 -0.20 -0.07 0.05 物体控制 -0.04 0.21* 0.42** 0.11 平衡能力 0.21* 0.17 0.10 心肺耐力 0.46** 0.26* 肌肉力量 0.22* 注：*P < 0.05，**P < 0.01。
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表 4 学生体力活动和动作能力对肌肉力量的逐步线性回归分析
Table 4. Stepwise regression analysis of physical activity and motor skills to muscle strength
性别 常量与自变量 B值 标准误 β值 t值 P值 R2值 调整R2值 男 常数 205.78 24.61 8.36 < 0.01 0.30 0.27 (n=84) 物体控制 4.23 1.19 0.37 3.57 < 0.01 体力活动 0.11 0.05 0.25 2.44 0.02 BMI -1.89 0.65 -0.30 -2.92 0.01 女 常数 160.68 11.94 13.46 < 0.01 0.32 0.29 (n=80) 物体控制 2.73 0.58 0.45 4.68 < 0.01 体力活动 0.09 0.03 0.33 3.46 < 0.01 平衡能力 1.41 0.70 0.19 2.01 0.05 总体 常数 191.32 12.27 15.59 < 0.01 0.27 0.26 (n=164) 物体控制 3.57 0.59 0.43 6.03 < 0.01 体力活动 0.10 0.03 0.27 3.82 < 0.01 BMI -1.04 0.37 -0.20 -2.77 0.01
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表 5 学生体力活动和动作能力对心肺耐力的逐步线性回归分析
Table 5. Stepwise regression analysis of physical activity and motor skills to cardiopulmonary endurance
性别 常量与自变量 B值 标准误 β值 t值 P值 R2值 调整R2值 女 常数 -3.15 0.20 -15.50 < 0.01 0.07 0.06 (n=80) BMI -0.03 0.01 -0.26 -2.38 0.02 男 常数 -2.81 0.56 -5.01 < 0.01 0.35 0.34 (n=84) BMI -0.10 0.02 -0.55 -5.52 < 0.01 平衡能力 0.06 0.04 0.16 1.56 0.02 总体 常数 -2.75 0.42 -6.58 < 0.01 0.32 0.31 (n=164) 体力活动 0.00 0.00 0.17 2.56 0.01 BMI -0.07 0.01 -0.44 -6.36 < 0.01
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表 6 学生体力活动和动作能力对柔韧性的逐步线性回归分析
Table 6. Stepwise regression analysis of physical activity and motor skills to flexibility
性别 常量与自变量 B值 标准误 β值 t值 P值 R2值 调整R2值 男 常数 18.41 3.15 5.85 < 0.01 0.08 0.06 (n=84) 体力活动 0.03 0.01 0.27 0.36 0.02 总体 常数 8.00 2.42 3.31 < 0.01 0.06 0.05 (n=164) 平衡能力 0.70 0.23 0.25 3.10 < 0.01
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