中国儿童青少年体力活动与营养状况的相关性

任珊珊; 万芹; 尹小俭; 吴慧攀; 王进贤; 张祥; 侯宇欣

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.01.004

中国儿童青少年体力活动与营养状况的相关性

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.01.004

任珊珊¹,
万芹^2, ,,
尹小俭^{1, 3},
吴慧攀⁴,
王进贤⁵,
张祥⁵,
侯宇欣⁶

1.
上海应用技术大学经济管理学院，上海 201418
2.
上海应用技术大学体育教育部
3.
华东师范大学体育与健康学院
4.
太原工业学院儿童青少年健康促进研究中心
5.
太原工业学院体育系
6.
山西大学体育学院

基金项目:

上海市教育科学研究2021年度课题项目 C2021149

详细信息

作者简介:
任珊珊(1994-)，女，河南周口人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为儿童青少年体质健康与影响因素

通讯作者:
万芹，E-mail：wqdc18@126.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R153.2 R151 G806 R179
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-09-07
- 修回日期: 2021-11-03
- 刊出日期: 2022-01-25

Correlation between physical activity and nutritional status among Chinese children and adolescents

1.
Institute of Economic Management, Shanghai Technology University, Shanghai (201418), China

摘要

摘要: 目的探究中国儿童青少年体力活动与营养状况之间的相关性，为中国青少年体质健康发展提供参考。方法依照中国行政区域划分的六大行政区(华东、西北、华北、华中、西南和华南)，分别采用分层随机整体抽样法抽取22所学校4 269名7~18岁儿童青少年，采用“中国7~18岁儿童青少年体力活动水平评价问卷”进行体力活动调查。采用χ²检验和非参数检验对体力活动状况进行分析。结果儿童青少年体质量指数(BMI)正常组的中高强度体力活动(MVPA)不足总体检出率为53.7%，消瘦组、超重组和肥胖组分别为50.2%，56.3%和52.5%，不同营养状况之间MVPA不足检出率差异无统计学意义(χ²=2.55，P>0.05)；在7~9岁年龄段中，男女生及总体各营养状况之间MVPA不足检出率差异均有统计学意义(χ²值分别为10.35，8.86，15.88，P值均 < 0.05)。不同营养状况的体力活动强度和项目类型差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。结论中国儿童青少年体力活动与营养状况之间的相关性存在年龄差异，在制定干预政策时应充分考虑不同群体差异性。
- 运动活动 /
- 营养状况 /
- 人体质量指数 /
- 儿童 /
- 青少年
Abstract: Objective To explore the correlation between physical activity and nutritional status of Chinese children and adolescents, and to provide references for the healthy development of Chinese adolescents. Methods According to the six administrative regions of China (East China, Northwest China, North China, Central China, Southwest China and South China), 4 269 children and adolescents aged 7 to 18 were selected by stratified random sampling method. "Physical Activity Level Evaluation Questionnaire" was used to conduct a physical activity survey. Chi-square test and non-parametric test were used to analyze the physical activity status. Results The overall detection rate of MVPA insufficiency in children and adolescents with normal BMI were 53.7%, 50.2%, 56.3%, and 52.5% in the wasting group, overweight and obese group, respectively. There was no significant difference in the detection rate of MVPA insufficiency between different nutritional status(χ²=2.55, P>0.05); but in the 7-9 years old age group, the difference in the detection rate of MVPA insufficiency between different nutritional status were statistically significant(χ²=10.35, 8.86, 15.88, P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in physical activity intensity and item types under different nutritional status (P>0.05). Conclusion There are age differences in the correlation between physical activity and nutritional status of children and adolescents in my country.Therefore, the differences between different groups should be fully considered while formulating intervention policies.
- Motor activity /
- Nutritional status /
- Body mass index /
- Child /
- Adolescent
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表 1 不同营养状况儿童青少年各年龄组体力活动不足检出率比较

Table 1. Comparison of detection rates of physical activity deficiency in children and adolescents with different nutritional status

性别	营养状况	统计值	7~9岁		10~12岁		13~15岁		16~18岁		合计
性别	营养状况	统计值	人数	检出人数	人数	检出人数	人数	检出人数	人数	检出人数	人数	检出人数
男	消瘦		31	11(35.5)	25	12(48.0)	35	19(54.3)	37	22(59.5)	128	64(50.0)
	正常		383	224(58.5)	344	139(40.4)	415	191(46.0)	438	239(54.6)	1 580	793(50.2)
	超重		90	61(67.8)	116	47(40.5)	74	43(58.1)	75	41(54.7)	355	192(54.1)
	肥胖		66	36(54.5)	44	16(36.4)	35	16(45.7)	20	14(70.0)	165	82(49.7)
		χ²值	10.35		0.90		4.30		2.11		1.88
		P值	0.02		0.83		0.23		0.55		0.60
女	消瘦		16	6(37.5)	27	14(51.9)	22	11(50.0)	16	10(62.5)	81	41(50.6)
	正常		442	245(55.4)	382	175(45.8)	493	263(53.3)	428	309(72.2)	1 745	992(56.8)
	超重		44	31(70.5)	73	37(50.7)	40	23(57.5)	21	17(81.0)	178	108(60.7)
	肥胖		23	17(73.9)	6	3(50.0)	6	3(50.0)	2	1(50.0)	37	24(64.9)
		χ²值	8.86		0.89		0.40		2.04		3.27
		P值	0.03		0.83		0.94		0.56		0.35
合计	消瘦		47	17(36.2)	52	26(50.0)	57	30(52.6)	53	32(60.4)	209	105(50.2)
	正常		825	469(56.8)	726	314(43.3)	908	454(50.0)	866	548(63.3)	3 325	1785(53.7)
	超重		134	92(68.7)	189	84(44.4)	114	66(57.9)	96	58(60.4)	533	300(56.3)
	肥胖		89	53(59.6)	50	19(38.0)	41	19(46.3)	22	15(68.2)	202	106(52.5)
		χ²值	15.88		1.59		2.93		0.71		2.55
		P值	< 0.01		0.66		0.40		0.87		0.47
注：()内数字为检出率/%。

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表 2 不同营养状况儿童青少年体力活动强度比较[M(P₂₅, P₇₅)，min/d]

Table 2. Comparison of physical activity intensity of children and adolescents with different nutritional status[M(P₂₅, P₇₅), min/d]

性别	营养状况	人数	统计值	TPA	LPA	MPA	VPA	MVPA
男	消瘦	128		100.0(50.2, 145.7)	26.1(2.8, 57.7)	40.7(19.1, 69.8)	10.7(0.0, 35.4)	58.9(34.3, 105.7)
	正常	1 580		97.1(57.9, 138.4)	22.9(4.3, 55.0)	41.4(21.4, 72.1)	10.0(0.0, 30.0)	60.0(34.3, 97.1)
	超重	355		89.3(49.7, 136.4)	22.9(5.7, 47.1)	35.0(17.9, 65.7)	8.6(0.0, 30.0)	55.0(30.0, 92.9)
	肥胖	165		90.9(51.8, 133.9)	16.4(0.7, 45.7)	42.9(22.1, 72.9)	10.0(0.0, 27.9)	61.4(29.4, 97.9)
			H值	4.44	6.35	5.57	1.01	4.11
			P值	0.22	0.10	0.13	0.80	0.25
女	消瘦	81		87.9(54.3, 138.2)	20.0(0.0, 56.4)	43.6(18.9, 87.6)	5.7(0.0, 18.9)	58.6(29.3, 92.3)
	正常	1 745		90.7(55.0, 132.9)	25.7(5.7, 57.1)	42.9(22.1, 72.9)	4.3(0.0, 17.1)	52.1(29.7, 89.2)
	超重	178		86.0(48.9, 124.5)	23.0(6.9, 49.5)	40.1(22.9, 66.8)	5.7(0.0, 16.1)	47.6(26.9, 82.5)
	肥胖	37		95.7(56.4, 130.4)	32.9(6.5, 67.9)	38.7(22.9, 60.1)	4.3(0.0, 22.5)	45.0(27.5, 78.2)
			H值	1.39	3.40	2.02	0.32	1.77
			P值	0.71	0.33	0.57	0.96	0.62
合计	消瘦	209		93.6(51.4, 141.7)	22.9(1.4, 57.1)	42.9(18.9, 73.9)	8.6(0.0, 28.6)	58.6(33.6, 103.9)
	正常	3 325		93.6(56.1, 135.7)	25.0(5.7, 55.7)	42.1(22.1, 72.5)	6.4(0.0, 22.9)	55.7(32.1, 92.9)
	超重	533		87.9(49.3, 133.2)	22.9(5.7, 48.5)	36.4(20.1, 66.1)	7.1(0.0, 25.7)	52.7(28.2, 89.3)
	肥胖	202		91.9(52.7, 131.2)	19.6(2.9, 48.8)	41.2(22.4, 70.0)	9.2(0.0, 25.9)	56.1(29.6, 95.7)
			H值	3.84	6.89	6.37	2.69	3.19
			P值	0.28	0.08	0.10	0.44	0.36

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表 3 不同营养状况儿童青少年体力活动类型比较[M(P₂₅, P₇₅)，min/d]

Table 3. Comparison of physical activity types of children and adolescents with different nutritional status[M(P₂₅, P₇₅), min/d]

性别	营养状况	人数	统计值	体育锻炼	家务活动	娱乐活动	交通活动
男	消瘦	128		37.9(24.3, 70.0)	0.4(0.0, 7.1)	0.0(0.0, 10.0)	32.5(7.1, 64.8)
	正常	1 580		38.6(21.4, 67.1)	1.4(0.0, 6.4)	0.0(0.0, 14.3)	30.0(11.4, 62.9)
	超重	355		35.7(17.1, 67.1)	1.4(0.0, 7.9)	0.0(0.0, 15.7)	25.9(8.6, 57.6)
	肥胖	165		37.1(17.1, 59.4)	1.4(0.0, 5.7)	5.3(0.0, 16.4)	29.3(12.1, 49.9)
			H值	5.52	1.98	5.82	4.57
			P值	0.14	0.58	0.12	0.21
女	消瘦	81		30.7(17.5, 55.9)	2.1(0.0, 8.6)	3.6(0.0, 16.8)	33.4(5.6, 63.9)
	正常	1 745		32.1(16.4, 53.6)	2.9(0.0, 8.6)	3.6(0.0, 17.1)	30.6(12.1, 62.9)
	超重	178		27.9(17.1, 50.3)	2.9(0.0, 10.0)	5.0(0.0, 17.9)	22.1(8.4, 55.7)
	肥胖	37		30.7(16.4, 40.4)	1.4(0.0, 8.6)	12.9(0.0, 27.9)	30.0(10.4, 71.8)
			H值	1.48	0.32	4.78	5.07
			P值	0.69	0.96	0.19	0.17
合计	消瘦	209		36.4(20.7, 62.9)	1.4(0.0, 8.6)	0.6(0.0, 12.9)	32.9(7.1, 64.1)
	正常	3 325		34.3(18.8, 60.4)	2.1(0.0, 8.6)	2.1(0.0, 16.8)	30.0(11.4, 62.9)
	超重	533		33.4(17.1, 60.8)	2.6(0.0, 8.6)	2.1(0.0, 17.1)	25.0(8.6, 57.1)
	肥胖	202		33.9(17.1, 57.3)	1.4(0.0, 6.4)	6.1(0.0, 17.3)	29.7(11.9, 51.6)
			H值	3.03	3.31	5.47	7.93
			P值	0.39	0.35	0.14	0.05

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