小学生语言发育影响因素与汉语阅读障碍的关联

邹丽; 孙健; 刘卓娅; 陈凤萍; 程郁离

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.12.035

小学生语言发育影响因素与汉语阅读障碍的关联

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.12.035

1.
广东省深圳市宝安区妇幼保健院儿童保健科, 518101
2.
深圳市宝安区疾病预防控制中心公共卫生科
3.
深圳市宝安区妇幼保健院保健部

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 81803253

详细信息

作者简介:
邹丽(1985-), 女, 广西北海人, 博士, 主管医师, 主要研究方向为儿童阅读障碍

通讯作者:
程郁离, E-mail: cyl.sz@aliyun.com

中图分类号: R179 R748
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- 文章访问数: 477
- HTML全文浏览量: 201
- PDF下载量: 30
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-04-13
- 修回日期: 2021-08-14
- 网络出版日期: 2021-12-23
- 刊出日期: 2021-12-25

Association between factors affecting language development and Chinese dyslexia among primary students

1.
Children Health Braneh, Shenzhen Baoan Women's and Children's Hospital, Shenzhen(518101), Guangdong Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探索儿童语言发育影响因素与汉语阅读障碍的关系，为预防和干预阅读障碍提供科学依据。方法整群选取深圳市宝安区12所小学12 868名三至五年级儿童家长和班主任，采用儿童阅读能力调查问卷《儿童汉语阅读障碍量表》和《儿童学习障碍筛查量表》进行问卷调查。结果共检出阅读障碍儿童349例，检出率为2.71%。性别、父母文化程度、父母职业、家庭月收入、儿童3岁前父母是否在外地工作、母亲平均每天与孩子相处的时间、家庭常用语言种类等因素对阅读障碍检出率差异均有统计学意义(P值均 < 0.05)。校正父母文化程度、父母职业和家庭月收入后，母亲平均每天与孩子相处的时间和家庭常用语言种类与阅读障碍发病风险存在统计学关联，表现为儿童每天与母亲相处时间>1 h降低阅读障碍的发病风险(1~2 h：OR=0.46；3~4 h：OR=0.45；5~6 h：OR=0.40；>7 h：OR=0.36，P值均 < 0.05)；家庭常用两种语言降低阅读障碍的发病风险(OR=0.74，95%CI=0.57~0.96，P=0.02)。此外，有语言发育相关疾病史儿童的阅读障碍发病风险升高(OR=17.30，95%CI=7.86~38.09，P < 0.01)。结论增加母亲每日陪伴孩子的时间、加强对曾患语言发育相关疾病儿童的关注有助于预防阅读障碍的发生。
- 语言 /
- 阅读障碍 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To explore the association between factors affecting language development and Chinese dyslexia, providing scientific evidence for prevention and intervention of dyslexia. Methods Twelve elementary schools were selected in Baoan, Shenzhen. The parents and head teachers of 12 868 children in grade 3-5 were surveyed by the Questionnaire for Children's Reading Ability, the Dyslexia Checklist for Chinese Children and the Pupil Rating Scale Revised Screening for Learning Disabilities. Results The prevalence rate of dyslexia was 2.71%, with 349 children suffering from dyslexia. Gender, parental education and occupations, family income, whether parents work away from home before their child was 3 years old, average time mother spends with her child daily and number of languages spoken in family had statistical significance on dyslexia(all P < 0.05). After adjusting for parental education and occupations, and family income, the children who spent more than 1 hour with their mothers per day had a significantly reduced risk of dyslexia (1-2:OR=0.46; 3-4:OR=0.45; 5-6:OR=0.40; >7 h: OR=0.36, P < 0.05); the children living in families where two languages were used for communication had a significantly reduced risk of dyslexia(OR=0.74, 95%CI=0.57-0.96, P=0.02). Children with a history of language development disorders had a significantly increased risk of dyslexia(OR=17.30, 95%CI=7.86-38.09, P < 0.01). Conclusion Increase of time mother spend with their child daily and paying more attention to the children with a history of language development disorders can help to prevent the occurrence of dyslexia.
- Language /
- Dyslexia /
- Regression analysis /
- Students

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表 1 不同人口统计学特征儿童阅读障碍检出情况

Table 1. Children with different demographics characteristics tasted for dyslexia

人口统计学指标	人数	阅读障碍人数	χ²值	P值	人口统计学指标	人数	阅读障碍人数	χ²值	P值
父亲文化程度					联合家庭	512	16(3.13)
初中及以下	4 235	175(4.13)		< 0.01^*	单亲家庭	298	13(4.36)
高中或中专	4 572	94(2.06)			其他	201	10(4.98)
大专	1 927	34(1.76)			家庭生育孩子数/个
大学本科	1 058	18(1.70)			1	1 882	58(3.08)	0.99	0.61
研究生	93	3(3.23)			2	7 352	199(2.71)
母亲文化程度					≥3	3 042	80(2.63)
初中及以下	5 139	205(3.99)		< 0.01^*	本次接受调查儿童出生次序
高中或中专	4 042	80(1.98)			1	7 152	186(2.60)	2.98	0.23
大专	1 814	23(1.27)			2	3 998	111(2.78)
大学本科	735	9(1.22)			≥3	1 113	39(3.50)
研究生	48	1(2.08)			儿童3岁前父母是否在外地工作
父亲职业					父母双方均在外地工作	5 391	160(2.97)		0.01^*
机关、事业单位人员	2 176	59(2.71)	12.66	0.03	父亲在外地工作	1 243	44(3.54)
商业工作人员	4 045	87(2.15)			母亲在外地工作	93	4(4.30)
服务业工作人员	1 810	54(2.98)			未在外地工作	5 416	118(2.18)
生产、运输等农林牧渔劳动者	2 745	96(3.50)			儿童3岁前主要照看者
无业	206	4(1.94)			父母	7 799	213(2.73)		0.82^*
其他	1 278	31(2.43)			父母和(外)祖父母	492	10(2.03)
母亲职业					(外)祖父母	3 900	110(2.82)
机关、事业单位人员	1 763	41(2.33)	20.87	< 0.01	保姆或亲戚	114	3(2.63)
商业工作人员	2 969	63(2.12)			母亲平均每天与孩子相处的时间/h
服务业工作人员	2 040	70(3.43)			<1	314	19(6.05)	18.26	< 0.01
生产、运输等农林牧渔劳动者	2 281	87(3.81)			1~2	1 004	34(3.39)
无业	1 905	44(2.31)			3~4	2 616	76(2.91)
其他	1 301	31(2.38)			5~6	2 441	65(2.66)
家庭月收入/元					≥7	5 826	137(2.35)
<5 000	1 946	85(4.37)	42.46	< 0.01	父亲平均每天与孩子相处的时间/h
5 000~<10 000	4 583	146(3.19)			<1	1 521	54(3.55)	6.18	0.19
10 000~<15 000	2 483	39(1.57)			1~2	3 072	83(2.70)
15 000~<20 000	1 326	30(2.26)			3~4	3 398	91(2.68)
20 000~<30 000	847	17(2.01)			5~6	1 689	36(2.13)
30 000~<40 000	426	8(1.88)			≥7	2 447	68(2.78)
≥40 000	482	7(1.45)			家庭常用语言种类
家庭结构					1	4 164	136(3.27)	6.54	0.04
核心家庭	7 826	195(2.49)	8.98	0.06	2	7 487	185(2.47)
主干家庭	3 385	96(2.84)			≥3	610	15(2.46)
注：*为Fisher确切概率法；( )内数字为检出率/%。

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表 2 小学生语言发育影响因素与阅读障碍关系的Logistic回归分析(n=12 868)

Table 2. Logistic regression analysis of factors affecting language development for dyslexia among primary students(n=12 868)

自变量	选项	OR值(OR值95%CI)	P值
家庭结构	核心家庭	1.00
	主干家庭	1.23(0.93~1.62)	0.15
	联合家庭	1.15(0.64~2.07)	0.63
	单亲家庭	0.89(0.37~2.16)	0.80
	其他	1.96(0.96~4.00)	0.06
家庭生育孩子数/个	1	1.00
	2	0.96(0.67~1.39)	0.85
	≥3	0.67(0.42~1.11)	0.12
本次接受调查儿童的出生次序	1	1.00
	2	0.98(0.73~1.30)	0.87
	≥3	1.63(0.96~2.77)	0.07
儿童3岁前父母是否在外地工作	父母双方均在外地工作	1.00
	父亲在外地工作	1.29(0.88~1.92)	0.21
	母亲在外地工作	1.08(0.25~4.59)	0.92
	未在外地工作	0.97(0.73~1.30)	0.85
儿童3岁前主要照看者	父母亲	1.00
	父母和(外)祖父母	0.60(0.26~1.37)	0.22
	(外)祖父母	1.10(0.83~1.47)	0.51
	保姆或亲戚	1.09(0.26~4.58)	0.90
父亲平均每天与孩子相处的时间/h	< 1	1.00
	1~2	0.76(0.51~1.11)	0.16
	3~4	0.70(0.47~1.03)	0.07
	5~6	0.66(0.41~1.07)	0.10
	≥7	0.85(0.55~1.33)	0.48
母亲平均每天与孩子相处的时间/h	< 1	1.00
	1~2	0.46(0.24~0.87)	0.02
	3~4	0.45(0.26~0.80)	0.01
	5~6	0.40(0.22~0.72)	< 0.01
	≥7	0.36(0.20~0.62)	< 0.01
家庭常用语言种类	1	1.00
	2	0.74(0.57~0.96)	0.02
	≥3	0.75(0.41~1.39)	0.36

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