Left visual field superiority of children with autism spectrum disorder
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摘要:
目的 探索孤独症谱系障碍儿童对面孔加工中左侧视野优势效应的损害情况, 为加深理解孤独症社交损害的注意机制提供依据。 方法 采取重复测量资料的混合设计, 招募2016年9月—2019年12月在天津市各个孤独症康复机构训练的105名孤独症儿童, 组成病例组, 按照病例组的年龄和性别匹配正常发育的天津市小学或幼儿园就读的105名正常儿童为对照组。采用注意偏好范式进行眼动数据采集, 比较两组在左右侧视野对于面孔的注视点数、注视总时间和左半脸百分比等指标, 通过重复测量资料的方差分析, 探索组别、左右视野、面孔性别等因素的主效应和交互作用。 结果 对于左右视野整张面孔的注视点数(FC)和总注视时间(TFD)组别主效应有统计学意义[FC：F(1，206)=26.27，P < 0.01；TFD：F(1，206)=51.23，P < 0.01]。组别×左右视野的交互作用只有FC差异有统计学意义[F(1，206)=4.62，P=0.03)]。进一步简单效应分析发现，病例组左右侧视野(3.19±0.42，4.05±0.41)差异有统计学意义(P < 0.01)，右侧视野多于左侧，而对照组差异无统计学意义(P=0.22)。左半脸百分比进行重复测量资料的方差分析可见组别主效应[FC：F(1，206)=13.77，P < 0.01；TFD：F(1，206)=12.89，P < 0.01)]和组别与左右视野的交互作用[FC：F(1，206)=36.99，P < 0.01；TFD：F(1，206)=38.62，P < 0.01)均有统计学意义。经简单效应分析，仅病例组存在左右视野的差异(FC：0.36±0.03，0.56±0.03，P < 0.01；TFD：0.36±0.03，0.57±0.03，P < 0.01)，右侧视野注视多于左侧。 结论 孤独症谱系障碍儿童的注视行为未见左侧视野视觉优势效应, 其右侧视野的注视相对正常, 提示其病理生理损害可能与右侧面孔加工区异常有关, 也提示其中枢统合能力存在异常。 Abstract:Objective To explore the impairments of the left visual field (LVF) superiority among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), for further understanding of the attentional mechanism of social disturbance in ASD. Methods The mixed design for repeated measured data was used. The case group was consisted of 105 ASD children enrolled from the rehabilitation agencies in Tianjin from Sept. 2016 to Dec. 2019; and 105 typically developed children were enrolled from Tianjin as the control group by matching the chronological age and gender distribution. The preferential looking paradigm was used to explore the LVF superiority by eye-tracking system. Fixation count (FC), total fixation duration (TFD) and the proportion of left hemiface were analyzed by the Mixed-design ANOVA, in which the main effect of "group", visual field (left vs. right) and gender of the faces was evaluated in addition to the interactions. Results All the participants in both the ASD group and TD group completed the experiments. For the whole face in LVF or RVF, the main effect of group showed the statistical significance on both FC and TFD [FC: F(1, 206)=26.27, P < 0.01; TFD: F(1, 206)=51.23, P < 0.01]. The interaction of group×visual field on FC also was statistically significant [F(1, 206)=4.619, P=0.03], and the case group showed the difference between LVF and RVF (0.33±0.02, 0.54±0.03, P < 0.01) by further simple effect analysis, none of the rest was statistically significant. Both the left hemiface of FC & TFD showed the main effect of group [FC: F(1, 206)=13.77, P < 0.01;TFD: F(1, 206)=12.89, P < 0.01] and interaction of group×visual field [FC: F(1, 206)=36.99, P < 0.01;TFD: F(1, 206)=38.62, P < 0.01), similarly, there was higher left hemiface proportion of both FC & TFD in RVF than that in LVF (FC: 0.36±0.03, 0.56±0.03, P < 0.01; TFD: 0.36±0.03, 0.57±0.03, P < 0.01). Conclusion LVF superiority is not presented among children with ASD in this study, while the fixation in RVF remained relatively unaffected. The finding indicates the involvement of the fusiform face area of right hemisphere in the pathogenesis of ASD in addition to the weak central coherence account. -
Key words:
- Autistic disorder /
- Visual fields /
- Analysis of variance /
- Child
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表 1 病例组与对照组不同兴趣区域注视指标比较(x±s)
Table 1. The mean of fixation variables of varied AOIs in two groups(x±s)
组别 选项 左侧视野 右侧视野 男性面孔 女性面孔 男性面孔 女性面孔 ASD组 FC/个 3.51±2.71 3.24±3.00 4.02±2.91 3.62±2.69 (n=105) TFD/s 1.04±0.78 0.96±0.93 1.07±0.89 1.02±0.86 对照组 FC/个 6.07±3.71 5.75±3.55 5.48±3.51 4.88±3.47 (n=105) TFD/s 1.67±1.05 1.62±1.10 1.58±1.06 1.49±1.13 
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表 2 以整脸作为AOI时FC和TFD的混合效应模型分析(n=105)
Table 2. The results of the mixed effects model analysis when AOI was defined as the whole face(n=105)
因变量 自变量 均方 F值 P值 偏η2 FC 组别主效应 690.016 26.27 < 0.01 0.14 性别主效应 4.945 1.30 0.26 0.01 视野主效应 4.659 0.91 0.34 0.01 性别×组别 6.451 1.69 0.20 0.01 视野×组别 23.583 4.62 0.03 0.03 性别×视野×组别 0.711 0.27 0.60 0.00 TFD 组别主效应 78.806 51.23 < 0.01 0.24 性别主效应 0.102 0.13 0.71 0.00 视野主效应 33.090 46.30 < 0.01 0.00 性别×组别 0.286 0.38 0.54 0.12 视野×组别 2.173 3.04 0.08 0.02 性别×视野×组别 0.823 0.75 0.39 0.01 注：性别指实验中面孔刺激的性别。
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表 3 两组儿童不同兴趣区域注视百分比的平均值(x±s)
Table 3. The mean of fixation percentage of varied AOIs in two groups(x±s)
组别 选项 左侧视野 右侧视野 男性面孔 女性面孔 男性面孔 女性面孔 ASD组 FC 0.44±0.29 0.43±0.28 0.50±0.29 0.49±0.28 (n=105) TFD 0.44±0.30 0.42±0.31 0.52±0.30 0.44±0.33 对照组 FC 0.76±0.26 0.75±0.23 0.61±0.26 0.60±0.26 (n=105) TFD 0.81±0.20 0.76±0.23 0.65±0.24 0.59±0.25
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表 4 FC和TFD左半脸注视百分比的混合效应模型分析(n=105)
Table 4. Results of the mixed effects model analysis of the fixation percentage of both FC and TFD(n=105)
因变量 自变量 均方 F值 P值 偏η2 FC 组别主效应 3.907 13.77 < 0.01 0.06 性别主效应 0.006 0.06 0.80 0.00 视野主效应 0.050 1.28 0.26 0.01 性别×组别 0.046 1.28 0.26 0.01 视野×组别 1.456 36.99 < 0.01 0.15 性别×视野×组别 0.003 0.17 0.68 0.00 TFD 组别主效应 3.745 12.89 < 0.01 0.06 性别主效应 0.049 1.28 0.26 0.01 视野主效应 0.072 1.61 0.21 0.01 性别×组别 0.023 0.60 0.44 0.00 视野×组别 1.725 38.62 < 0.01 0.16 性别×视野×组别 0.011 0.56 0.46 0.00 注：性别指实验中面孔刺激的性别。
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