Association between physical activity and physical fitness index of Chinese children and adolescents
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摘要:
目的 分析中国儿童青少年体力活动(PA)与体能指数(PFI)的相关性，为改善中国儿童青少年体力活动水平以及提升体能素质提供参考。 方法 于2018年9—12月采用整群抽样方式在华东、西北、华北、华中、西南和华南区选取4 269名7~18岁学生，收集体力活动等数据，并完成立定跳远、握力、50 m跑、改良坐位体前屈、30 s仰卧起坐、20 s反复横跨、20 m往返跑测试，采用χ2检验、Wilcoxon秩和检验、线性回归模型分析数据。 结果 在不同体力活动水平儿童青少年PFI的比较中，男生10~12和16~18岁中高强度体力活动(MVPA)达标组的PFI值分别为(0.46±3.58)(0.75±3.00)，MVPA不达标组的PFI值分别为(-0.69±3.64)(-0.61±2.87)，差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为0.04，0.57，P值均＜0.05)；女生4个年龄段MVPA达标组的PFI值与MVPA不达标组相比差异均无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05)。在不同体能等级下儿童青少年体力活动状况比较中，健康体能组MPA和VPA时间、体育锻炼时间高于不健康组(Z值分别为-2.04，-4.93，-7.09，P值均 < 0.05)。线性回归模型分析显示，每日MVPA、体育锻炼与体能指数之间均呈正相关(P值均 < 0.05)。 结论 中高强度体力活动即体育锻炼与体能指数呈正相关，适当提高儿童青少年中高强度体力活动水平尤为重要。 Abstract:Objective To analyze the correlation between physical activity and physical fitness index of children and adolescents in China, so as to provide reference for physical activity and physical fitness promtion of children and adolescents. Methods In September 12, 2018, 4 269 students were selected by cluster sampling in east, northwest, north, central, southwest and South China, the test of standing long jump, grip strength, 50 m running, improved seat forward bend, 30 s sit-ups, 20 s cross repeatedly, 20 m round-trip running was completed. Results In comparing the physical fitness index of children and adolescents with different levels of physical activity, the PFI values of the middle and high intensity physical activity (MVPA) groups of boys aged 10-12 and 16-18 years old were (0.46±3.58) (0.75±3.0), the value of PFI of the MVPA group were (-0.69±3.64) (-0.61±2.87), the difference was statistically significant (t=0.04, 0.57, P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the values of PFI between the four age groups of the girls (P < 0.05). In comparison of physical activity status of children and adolescents in different physical ability grades, the time of MPA, VPA and physical exercise in healthy physical ability group was higher than that in unhealthy physical ability group (Z=-2.04, -4.93, -7.09, P < 0.05). Linear regression analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between daily MVPA, physical exercise and physical fitness index (P < 0.05). Conclusion Moderate and high-intensity physical activity, that is, physical exercise, is positively correlated with physical fitness index. Therefore, it is particularly important for children and adolescents to engage in sufficient moderate and vigorous-intensity physical activities. -
Key words:
- Motor activity /
- Growth and development /
- Child /
- Adolescents /
- Regression analysis
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表 1 不同性别年龄段MVPA达标与不达标儿童青少年PFI比较(x±s)
Table 1. Comparison of PFI between children and adolescents of different genders and ages when MVPA meets and does not meet standards(x±s)
性别 年龄/岁 人数 MVPA达标 MVPA不达标 t值 P值 男 7~9 570 0.15±3.53 -0.11±3.69 0.03 0.42 10~12 529 0.46±3.58 -0.69±3.64 0.04 0.00 13~15 559 0.23±3.54 -0.28±3.68 0.00 0.10 16~18 570 0.75±3.00 -0.61±2.87 0.57 0.00 女 7~9 525 0.33±3.65 -0.26±3.81 0.03 0.07 10~12 488 0.25±3.96 -0.30±3.75 2.66 0.12 13~15 561 0.11±3.40 -0.11±3.42 0.05 0.44 16~18 467 0.07±3.13 -0.02±3.08 0.29 0.78 
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表 2 儿童青少年每日体力活动时间与体能指数线性回归分析(n=4 269)
Table 2. Children and adolescents' daily physical activity time and physical fitness index regression coefficient table(n=4 269)
常数项与自变量 β值 标准误 B值 t值 P值 常数项 -0.541 0.105 -5.14 < 0.01 LPA时间 0.002 0.002 0.021 1.38 0.17 MPA时间 0.004 0.001 0.041 2.60 0.01 VPA时间 0.018 0.003 0.100 6.50 < 0.01
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表 3 儿童青少年不同体力活动类型与体能指数线性回归分析(n=4 269)
Table 3. Different types of physical activity of children and adolescents and regression coefficients of physical fitness index(n=4 269)
常量与自变量 β值 标准误 B值 t值 P值 常量 -0.516 0.105 -4.92 < 0.01 交通出行 0 0 -0.021 -1.39 0.17 娱乐活动 -0.001 0 -0.042 -2.63 0.01 家务活动 -0.004 0.001 -0.055 -3.51 < 0.01 体育锻炼 0.003 0 0.183 11.43 < 0.01
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